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NO. 23233
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Treaties between the Empire of Cliina and
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PREFl^CE
TO THE FIRST EDITION.
The ptibHcation of the present cdllectlon of the Treaties and
other engagenieitts under -Which the trade and rdations of foreign
Gountei'es withithe .Chinese Empire are conduoted has been under-
taken in order to meet a requirement iong expressed and widely
recograized. Since 1861, when the Treaties and Conventions
concluded in 1=858- 1860 with Great Brita,in, France, the United
States, and Russia, were issued from the publishing office 'Of the
pi?esent volume, no attempt has been made to bring together,, or
indeed to render available for general purposes of : reference, the
greater portion of the various Treaties and Regulations which
havte been successively agreed upoji during the last sixteen or
seventeen years. A few of these instruments have been separately
printed after negotiation, for semi-private use ; others have seen
the light in the columns of newspapers, and others again have
been recorded in European publications such as the " British and
Foreign State Papers." coraipiled in London by Mr. Edward
Hertslet, or in the "Archives Diplomatiqiues," the corresponding
Parisian work; but for all general purposes, they have remained
virtually ina,ccessible. The material difficulties in the way of
remedying this deficiency having been removed by the enterprise
of the publisher of the present volume, a collection has now been
made of all the international .agreements hitherto concluded by
the Chinese Government, which are printed either ,in full, or,
where circumstances have rendered this admissible, in an abridged
form. Condensatian bas, in particular, ^been applied to such
instruments as the Briiith Supplementary Treaty pf 1843
IV PREFACE.
(abrogated in 1858), to the earlier Treaties with Russia, and to
those portions of the Treaties with European Powers, concluded
in the decade subsequent to t866, which are simple reproductions
of the wording of earlier agreements. As is well known, the
stipulations of the British and French Treaties of 1858 have been
taken in most instances as the basis of the negotiations subse^
quently conducted on the part of Belgium, Denmark, Italy, and
other powers ; and necessary space has beeij economized, for the
purposes of the present collection, by a system of references in the
arrangement of all Treaty articles of an identic character.
Where no publications in a European language have been
accessible, recourse has been had to the collection of Treaties in
Chinese which has been published by the Chinese Government,
and from this source translations have been made of the Conven-
tion with Russia for the frontier trade between the two countries,
and- of the Treaty of 1871 with Japan, both of which are now for
the first time printed.
Other instruments, no longer in vigour, but historically
interesting and important, are the French Treaty of 1844, and
the United States Treaty concluded in the same year at
Wanghia, both of which are republished in their proper place ;
and similarly, for purposes of reference, the Emigration Conven-
tion of 1866 and the Articles of Revision negotiated in 1868- 1869
hy Sir Rutherford Alcock, K.C.B., Her Britannic Majesty's
Minister, although both have failed to receive ratification, are
included in the collection. It has not appeared necessary to
reprint, except in connection with the British Treaty of 1858, the
Tariff of Duties and Commercial Regulations adopted as an
annex both to that instrument and to all other Treaties subse-
quently negotiated, since the agreement concluded in this respect
by the Earl of Elgin, with its subsequent modifications, is speci-
fically recognized by all nationalities as the common rule.
In order to facilitate reference, on a subject likely to be of
increasing interest, the remarkable Treaty concluded in 1876
between Japan and Corea is admitted to a place in the collection.
phepaoe
To THE FOURTH EDITION.
Twenty-five years have pdssed since this collection of Treaties
was first offered to the Public, and since then a Second Edition,
published in 1897, and a Third Edition in 1901, have both been
completely exhausted.
There still being a demand for the work, the Publishers have
been led to issue this new and enlarged Edition, which they hope
Will meet with general approval.
Several important additions were made to the 1901 Edition,
notably the German Treaty of 1880, the Japan Treaty of 1895,
with the Commercial Instrument of the following year, the French
Tientsin Treaty (Patendtre) of 1885 with later Conventions and
the Peace Protocol, signed at Peking on the 7th September, 1901,
together with the Annexes, i to 19. The Treaty of Shanghai,
signed by Sir James Mackay on the 5th of September, has also
been added, though it has not yet been ratified, and may undergo
further changes.
The Publishers regret that several Treaties do not appear
in sequence of page, but the order in which they are placed was
unavoidable ; the index has been revised and enlarged.
Shanghai, October, igo2.
V PREFACE.
With the various regulations which have been agreed upon
from time to time in fulfilment or extension of Treaty engage-
ments, such as those relating to trade on the Yangtsze Kiang,
the Coast Trade, Transit Duties, etc., 'which are likewise included,
it is believed that a complete compendium of all the provisoes
under which the international relations of the Chinese Government
are conducted is now brought within reach ; and in order to assist
reference as much as possible, an Index has been compiled for
the subject matter of the entire volume.
The editor has been assisted in much of the labour of
preparation by Mr. Alex. Hosie, of Her Britannic Majesty's
Consular Service, and in the revision of a large portion of the
proofs by Mr. Donald Spence, acting Interpreter of Her Majesty's
Consulate at Shanghai. To both these gentlemen his thanks are
due for the services they have willingly and efficiently rendered.
Peking, August, tS'/'/,
TA&LE OF CONTENTS.
Gbuntiy arid Instrument. Plaf-e^of Signature. Date. Page.
Geeat Beitain :
Treaty Nanking 1842 ... 1
Deelaralion relating to Transit Dues Hongkong 1843 4
Supplementary Treaty Hoo-mun Chae . . . 1843 5
Convention of Peace Peking 1860 8
Treaty Tientsin 1858 11
Tariff Shanghai 1858 ... 21
Rules of Trade do 1858 28
* Convention (Emigration Rules) P<king 1866 32
* Do. (Ti eaty Revision) do 186J ...37
Agreement Chefoo 1870 44
Burmah Convention ..; ,, Peking 1897 256
Cliefob Convention AdlUtiona! London 1885 251
Do. Opium Artioli Hongkong . 1886 253
Wei-hiii-wei Convention Peking 1898 . ...259
Chungking Agreement Peking 1890 209
Kowloon Extension Agr.eejnent , Peking 1888 258
Treaty— Siukim Calteutta,... 1890 211
* Commercial Treaty Shanghai 1902 319
Fbancb :
Treaty ,. Whampoa 1S44 49
IJo Tientsin 1858 59
Convention Peking 1860 72
Treaty of Tientsin (Patendtre) Tientsin 1885 239
Trade Regulations Tonkin-China ('CofforddK^ Peking 1886 ...242
Convention Additional (Comtans-) , Tientsin 1887 249
Convention r Gerorcij — Peking 1895 212
United States of America:
Treaty Wanghia 1844 76
]Jo; Tientsin 1858 84
Do. of Immigration and Commerce .Peking 1880 265
Additional Aiticle..:.^.. Washington 1868 93
Russia :
Treaty ..Nipchu 1«87 S6
Do Kiaohta 1727 96
Uo •.... • <io 1768 96
Do , ;.. Kuldja.. 1851 97
Do;. ,....Aighuu Ib58 100
Do;. ■ Tientsin: 1858 101
Do; Peking.. ..i 1860 105
Do; .....St: Petersburg ... !S81 271
Port Arthur and Talienwan • •■ 189^ 278
Convention (Land Trade) Peking 162 113
Dp. ( do. ) do 1869 113
Germany:
rfreaty Tientsin 1861 118
Supplementary Convention Peking 1880 198
Do. do. Stipulation.. v do 1880 200
Kiaoehow Convention > 1898 280
Viii C0NIBNT8
Country and Instrument. Place of Signature. Date. Page.
Sweden and Nobwat :
Treaty Canton 1847 128
Belgidm :
Engagement Canton 1845 ...137
Treaty Peking 186- 138
Denmark :
Treaty Peking 1863 144
Holland :
Treaty Tientsin 1863 150
Mexico :
Treaty of Commerce Washington 1900 260
Portugal:
* Treaty Tientsin 1862 156
Protocol Lisbon 1887 156
Treaty Peking 1887 157
Convention do 1887 165
Agreement do 1887 166
Spain :
Treaty Tientsin 1864 167
Convention Emigration Peking 1877 204
Italy:
Treaty Tientsin 1866 ... 173
Austria-Hungart:
Treaty Peking 1869 ... . 176
Japan:
Treaty Tientsin 1871 180
Do. (Shimonoseki) Bakan 1895 181
Do. of Commerce, etc Peking 1896 185
Protocol re Settlements, etc do 1896 191
Peru:
Convention Tientsin 1874 192
Treaty do 1874 193
The Peace Protocol :
French Text Peking 1901 283
English Translation 290
Annexes 1 to 19 297
Regulations :
Regulations relating to Transit Dues, Exemption Certificates, etc 1861 217
Provisional Regulations for Trade on the Yang-tsze Kiang 1861 219
Revised do. do. do. 1861 222
Regulations for Trade on the Yang-tsze Kiang 1862 223
Repacking of Native Produce 186ii 226
Passengers' Luggage, Duty-Free Goods, and Steam Tugs 1867 228
Joint Investigation and Procedure 1868 230
Pilotage 1868 233
Mixed Court at Shanghai 1869 236
Drawback Certificates 1877 238
Transit Dues, Amer. Tn 238
* ^ot ratified
INDEX OF SUBJECTS.
List of Abbkeviations:— Bri«. Wara.— British Treaty of Nanking, p. 1 ; Brit Supp.—'Bntisli Supplementary
Treaty, p. 6; Brit. r«.— British Treaty of Tientsin, p. 11; Brit. Conv., I860.— Convention of Peking, p 8; Brit.
BmifiT.— Emigration Convention of 1866, p. 32; BHt. Bey.— Revision Articles of 1869, p. 37; Brit. CAe/.— Agreement
of Chefoo, p. 44 ; Br. Olief. ^iJiJ.- Additional Article to Chefoo Conv. p. 251 ; Br. II. C— Hongkong Opium Convention,
p. 253 ; French 1844, p. 49 ; Fr. Tw. —French Treaty of Tientsin, p. 69 ; Wr. P.— French Paten6tre Treaty, p. 239 ;
Fr. iTr-imJ.- French Annam Frontier Regulations, p. 242; Fr. C— French Constans Convention, p. 249; Fr. G.—
French GO -ird Convention, p. 212 ; V. S. Wa.—X!. S. Treaty of Wanghia, p. 76 ; U. S. Tn.—V. S. Treaty of Tientsin,
p. 84 ; U. S. Addit.—XJ. S. Additional Articles 1869, p. 93 ; Buss. Aigh.—Ruasm Treaty of Aighun, p. 100 ; Buss. Tn.—
Russian Treaty of Tientsin, p. 101; Russ. PeJ;.— Russian Treaty of Peking, p. 105 ; Ger.— German p. 118; Germ. P.—
German Peking Convention, p. 198 ; Germ. S.— German Peking Supplementary, p. 200 ; Swed.— Swedish-Norwegian,
p. 128 ; Peiff.— Belgian, p. 131 ; Ban.— Danish, p. 144 ; Jf o!!.— Holland, p. 150 ; Pore.— Portuguese Treaty, p. 157 ;
Port. CmiD.- Portuguese Opium Convention, p. 165 ; Spa™.— Spanish, p. 167 ; Spam. Smtsf.— Spanish Emigration, p.
204 ; 7((ri.— Italian, p. 173 ; ^m(.— Austro-Hungarian, p. 176 ; Jap. P.— Japan Treaty of Bakan, p. 181 ; Jap.— Japanese,
p. 186 ; Per.— Peruvian, p. 198.
Abrogation of British Supplementary Treaty and Regulations, Brit. Tn. 1.
Ambassador to China, Brit. Tn. 2 ; Brit Conv. 1860, 2 ; Fr. Tn. 2; U. S. Tn. 6; Russ. Tn. 2 ;
Ger. 2 ; Belg. 2 ; Dan. 2 ; HoU. 1 ; Port 5 ; Span. 2 ; Ital. 2 ; Aust. 2 ; Jap. 2 ; Per. 2.
(See Chinese Ambassador abroad.)
Amity, and mutual protection, Brit. Nan. 1 ; Fr. 1884, 1 ; Fr. Tn. 1 ; U. S. Wa. 1 ; U. S.
Tn. 1; Russ. Tn. 1; Ger. 1; Swed. 1; Belg. I; Dan. 1; Port 1; Span. 1; Ital. 1;
Aust. 1 ; Jap. 1, 2 ; Per. 1.
Amnesty to Chinese Subjects, Brit. Nan. 9.
Amoy, Brit. Nan. 3 ; Fr. 1844, 2 ; U. S. Wa. 3; U. S. Tn. 14 ; Russ. Tn. 3 ; Ger. 6 ; Swed.
3 : Belg. 11 ; Dan. 11 ; Holl. 2 ; Span. 5 ; Ital. 7 ; Aust. 8 ; Jap. 4.
Amur (Amoor), frontier between Russia and China, Russ. Aigh. 1 ; Russ. Pelc. 1.
^navigation of, restricted to Russians and Chinese, Russ. Aigh. 1.
^frontier authorities, Russ. Pek. 9.
Annam, Fr. Front.
Arbitration, in case of disputes. Port. 32, 51.
Arrests of Chinese by U. S. authorities, U. S. Tn. 11.
Annexes of the Peace Protocol : — 1, Imperial Decree, 27th December, 1900, 297; 2, Imperial
Deeree, 9th June, 1901, 297; 3, Prince Ching's and Li Hung-ohang's despatch of 22nd
July, 1901,297; 4 Imperial Decree, !3th Feb., 1901, 298; 5 Imperial Decree, 13th Feb.,
1901, 300; 6, Imperial Decree, 21st Feb., 1901, 3J1; 7, Imperial Decree, 13th Feb., 1901,
302 ; 8, Imperial Decree, 19th Aug., 1901, 302 ; 9, Imperial Degree, 18th June, 1901, 303;
10, The Foreign Cemeteries at Peking, 303; 11, Imperial Decree, 25th Aug., 1901, 303;
12, Prince Ching's and Li Hung-chang's despatch to Dnyen of Diplomatic Body, 29th May,
1901, 304 ; 13, Plan of Amortisation, 306 ; 14, The Limits of the quarters of the Legations,
308; 15, Imperial Decree, 1st Feb., 1901, 309; 16, Imperial Decree, 24th Dec, 1900,
310; 17, Regulation for the Improvement of the Course of the Huangpu, 312; 18, Imperial
Decree, 24th July, 1901, 316 ; 19, Memorandum of Ceremonial to be observed at
Audiences, 317.
Beans and Beanoake, see Pidse.
Blockade, must be effective, Fr. 1844, 32; Fr. Tn. 31; Ital. 21.
Boats, unrestricted hire of, Brit. Tn. 14 ; Fr. 1844, 21 ; Fr. Tn, 18, 22; U. S. Wa. 8; U. S.
Tn. 17; Belg. 29; Dan. 14; Holl. 5; Port. 12; Span. II ; Ital. 14; Aust. 19: Jap. 8;
Per. 5.
IV INDEX.
Bonded warehouses at treaty ports, Brit. Rev. 12; Jap. 14 ; G. P. 3.
Bonds, abolition of, for Yangtsze exports, Brit. Rev. 12.
Books, Free sale of, Fr. 1844, 24; U. S. Wa. 18; U. S. Tn. 24;Pr. Tn. 11; Ger. 9; Belg.
13 ; Ital. 13.
Brimstone, Brit. Tariff Rule 5.
Canton, Brit. Nan. 3 ; Fr. 1844,. 2; U. S. Wa. 3 ;. U. S. Tn. 14 j Russ. Tn. 3 ; Ger. 6 ; Swed.
3 ; Belg. H ; Dan. 11 ; HoU. 2.; Port. 10 ; Span. 5; Ital 11; Aust. S; Jap. 4.
Caravan Trade, exempt from duties, Russ. 1851, 3.
Certificates for transit trade,, Brit. Tariff Rule. 7 ; Brit Chef. HI, iv.
see Land.
Charitable Asylums, Fr. Tn. 10.
Ch'ao-chow Fu, see Swatow.
Chefoo (TSngchow), Brit. Tn. 11; Fr. Tn. 6; Ger. 6; Belg. 11; Dan. 11; HoU. 2; Port. 10;
Span. 5; Ital. 11 ; Aust. 8.
Chinese Ambassador abroad, Brit. Tn. 6 ; F. Tn. 2; Belg. 6; Dan. 6 ; Port. 5"; Span. 2;
Ital. 6 ; Aust. 3 ; Jap. 2 ; Per. 2.
to Great Britain, Brit. Chef. I, vi., II i.
Chinhai, evacuation of, Brit. Nan. 12.
Chinlciang, Bril. Tn. 10; Ger, 6; Belg. 11 ; Dan. 11 ; HoU. 2'; Port. 10; Span. S ; Ital. 11 ;
Aust. 5.
Christianity, toleration of, Brit. Tn. S ; Fr. Tn. 13 ; Fr. Conv. 1860, 6 ; XJ. S. Th. 20; Russ.
Tn. 8 ; Ger. 10 ; Belg. 15 ; Pan. 8 ; HoU. 4 , Ital. 8 ; Port. 52.
Ch'ung-k'ing, Biilish officials at, Brit. Chef. IITi.
, open port, Jap. B. , 6 ; Br. p. 209.
( hurches and Cemeteries, see Land.
Chusan, Evacuation of, Brit. .Nan. 12.; Brit. Supp. 11.
Clandestine trade, Brit. Tn. 47; Fr. Tn. 7, 28; U. S. Wa. 33; U. S. Tn. 14; Russ. Tn. 4;
Ger. 7; Swed. 3, 33; Belg. 21, 38; Pan. 47 ;, HoU. 12; Port. 42; Span. 43 ; Ital.. 47 ;
Aust. 1(1 ; Jap. 5.
Co-Hong, Abolition of Brit. Nan. 5; Fr. 1844, 9; U. S. Wa. 15.
Coal, mines to be opened, Brit. Rev. 12.
. , duty ou, reduced, Brit. Rev. 12; G. P. 4.
, foreign, free from duty, Brit. Rev. 13;
Coast-trade, Regulations, 1861; Belg. 34; Dan. 44; Span. 44; Ital.. 44; Aust. 30.
, drawback certificates, Brit. Rev. Rule III.
Confiscation :^
Cargo landed, shipped, or transhipped without permits; U. S. Wa. 10,. 14; Brit. Tn. 39,
40; Fr. Tn. 25; U. S. Tn. 19, 23; Ger. 14; Belg. 24, 27, 28; Dan. 37, 38, 39; HoU.
10 ; Port. 28. 29, 30; Span 34, 35, 36 ; Ital. 37, 38, 39.
Fraud, Fr. 1844, 17 ; Fr. Tn. 24; U. S. Wa. 20 ; U. S. Tu. 21 ;. HoU. 12.
Smuggling, Brit. Tn. 48 ; Fr. Tn. 7, 28 ; U. S. Wa. 33; U. S. Tn., 14 ; Russ, Tn. 4; Belg.
38; Dan. 48; HoU. 12; Span. 45; Aust. 10; Jap. 18; Port. 36.
Trading at non-treaty Ports, Brit. Supp. 4. Brit. Tn, 47; U. S. ^'a. 3; IT. S. Tn. 14;
Fr. Tn. 7; Belg. 21 ; Dan. 47 ; HoU. 12; Port. 42; Span. 43; Ital. 47;, Aust. 10; Jap. 5;
Penalties to belong to Chinese Government, Brit. Supp. 3. ; Brit. Tn. 49 ; U.. S.. Wa. 3„ lOj
14, 20, 22; U. S. Tn. L4, 19, 21, 23,. 26; Russ. Tn. 4;. Ger. 29;, Balg, 40; Dan. 49;
Ho 1. 12; Port. 37; Sp.nn. 46; Ital. 49;, Aust. 33.
Mode of procedure in lases of, Brit Rev, 9.
Regulations, 1868.
Confirmation and Renewal, Brit. Rev. 15.
INDBX. V
Consuls, appointment of, Brit. Nan. 3; Brit. Tn. 7; Fr. 1844 4 ; ffr. Tn. 5 ; U; S. Wa, 4, ;
U. S. Tn V); Russ. tSSlv i; Russ. Tn. 5; Buss. Pole. 5; 8; Ger. 4 ; Swed. 4 ; Bel^
7, Ban. 7 ; Holl I ; Port. 9 ; Span. 4 ; Ital. 7 ; Aust. 6 ; Jap. 3 ; Per. 4,
to make reports of shipping, Swed. 23.
——to- British porta, Brit. Bey, 2.
to Russia, Russ. Pek. &.
-^^to United States;. U. S. Addit. 3.
— *-to PenujPer. 4.
—"^liable- for payment of dutiesj, U. S. Tn. 22.
— — to be actual oflScials, Per. 4 j Port,, 9.
of friendly powers may be requested to act, Ilal. 7 ; Aust. 6 ; Port. 9.
Contraband of war, Brit, Tariff Rule,- 3 ; Fr. Front. 1-4.
Do. Articles heretofore, (Opium, etc.), Brit. Tariff Rule 5.
Contraband articles, trade in prohibited,. U. S. Wa. 33; Swed. 33.
Copper Cash, Brit. Tariff Rule 5. § 2.
Corea, independence of, Jap. B. 1.
Correspondence with Chinese authorities, Brit. Nan. UsrBrit. Tn. 50 ; Fr. 1S44, 33, 34; Fr.
Tn. 4 ; U. S. Wa. SO ; U. S. Tn. 7 ; Bass, Tn. 2 ; Ruas. Pek. 9 11; Ger. 5 ; Swed. 24,
:!0, 31 ; Belg. 8. 9 ; Dan. 10, 50 ;, HoU. t,, 14 ; Port. 8 ; Span. 51 ; Ital. l'^, 50 ; Aust. 7.
Cowloon, cession of, Brit. Conv. 1860, 6;
Crews of ships, Brit. Supp. 6 ; Bpt. Tn. 9 ;. Brit. Rev. 9 ; Fr. 1844,^23 ; Fr. Tn. 33 ; U. S.
Tn. 12 ; Belg. 10 ; Dan. 9 ; Span. 7 ; Ital. 9 ; Per. 5.
Criminal cases, — see Jurisdiction.
Customs : —
Customs' officer onboard merchant vessels, Brit. Tn. 36;.Fr. 1844, 12 ; Fr. Tn. 15 ; U. S.
Wa. 9; U. S. Tn. 18; Swed. 9; Belg. 23; Dan. 25; Port. 26 ;. Span. 32 ; Ital. 35;
Aust. 15.
Report of ship's arrival, Br. Tn. 37 ; Fr. 1844, 13 ;.Fr. Tn. 17 ; U. S. Wa. 6 ; U. P. Tn. 19 ;
Swed. 9, 10; Ger. 13; Belg. 24; Dan. 36; HoU. 9; Poi t. 27 ; Span. 33; Ital,, 3ft;
Aust. 16 ; Jap. 27.
Peumit to open hatches,, Brit. Tn. 38; Fr. 1844», 13;Fr.;Tn. 17 ; U. S. Wa. 10;.U. S. Tn.
19 ; Ger. 13 ; Belg. 24 ; Dan.. 37 ; Holl. 9 ; Prot. 28 ;. Span. 34 ; Ital. 37 ; Aust. 16 ;
Jap. 27.
Permit to land or ship goods, Brit. Tn. 39 ;.Fr. Tu. 19 ; U. S. Tn. 19; Ger. 13; Belg. 31 ;
Dan. 38 ; Holl. 10 ; Port. 29 ; Span. 35 ; Ital. 38 ; Aust. 17 ; Jap. 9.
Peumit to, tranships Bnit. 40 ;-Fr. Tn. 25;: U. S. Wa. 14 ; U. S. Tn. 23 ; Ger. 27 ; Swed.
14; Belg.. 27; Dan. 39;. Holl. 1 ;. Port. 30 ; Span. 36 ; Ital. 39; Aust. 18; Jan. 9.
Port Clearance,. Brit.. Tn. 4L;. Fr. Tn.. 21 ; U. S. Wa. 6 ; U. S. Tn. 22 ; Ger. 21 ; Belg. 31 ;
Dan. 40 ; Holl. 9; Port. 31 ; Span. 37 ; Ital. 40 ; Aust. 25.
Foreign Customs' employ^, Brit. Tariff Rule 10.
Customs' regulations to be observed, Russ. Tn. 4 ; Ja^. 9 ; Fr. Front. 18.
Debt, recovery of, Brit. Supp. 5 ; Brit. Tn. 22; Fr. 1884, 10; Fr. Tn. 37 ; U. S. Wa. 16;
ir. -S. tn. 24; Ger. 37; Swed 16; Belg., 18; Dan. -^2 ; Holl. 6 ; Port. 49 ; Span. 19;
Ital. 23; Aust. 42.
Diplomatic privileges, Brit. Th. 3; Fr. Tn. 2; Fr. Conv. I860, 2; U. S. Tn. 5, 6 ;. Suss.
Tn. 2 ; Ger. 3 ; Belg 3 ; Dan. 3 ; 6 ; Holl. 1 ; Port. 5, 9, 10 ; Span. 2, 3 ; Ital. 3 ; Auss. 3 ;
Per. 2, 3 ; Jap. 2, 3.
Docks, material for free, G. P. 7, p. 202.,
Di awback Certificates, see He-exportation.
^,^_ , period extended to three years, Brit. Chef. Ill, v. ; Jap. 3.
Vl INDEX.
. , Regulation, 1877.
Duty-free Gooda, Brit. Tariff Rule, 2 ; Brit. Rev. 13 ; Port. 12 ; Fr. Front. l3.
, Regulation, IF 67.
Duties : —
Period for payment, Brit. Tn. 25 ; Fr. 1844, 17 ; Fr. Tn. 21 ; U. S. Wa. 13 ; U. S. Tn. 22 ;
Ger. 21 ; Belg. 31 ; Dan. 24 ; HoU. 10 ; Port. 21 ; Span. 22 ; Ital. 25.
Medium and manner of payment, Brit. Tn. 33 ; Fr. 1844, 18 ; Fr. Tn. 21 ; U. S. Wa. 13 ;
U. S. Tn. 22 ; Ger. 22 ; Belg. 37 ; Dan 32 ; Port. 40 ; Span. 29 ; Ital. 32 ; Aust. 26.
Tare of merchandize, method of fixing value,lBrit. Tn. 42, 43 ; Fr. 1844, 16 ; Fr. Tn. 19;
U. S. Wa. 11; U. S. Tn. 20; Ger. 16, 17, 11; Swed. 11; Belg. 30 ; Dan, 42 ; HoU.
11 ; Port. 33 ; Span. 38 ; Ital. 42 ; Aust. 22 ; Jap. 9.
Damaged goods, reduction of duty, Brit. Tn. 44 ; Fr. Tn. 19 ; Ger. 19 ; Belg. 30 ; Dan.
43 ; HoU. 11 ; Port. 34 ; Span. 40 ; Ital. 43 ; Aust. 23 ; Jap. 9.
System of collection to be uniform, Brit. Tariff Rule 10.
Russian trade, duties upon, Russ. Tn. 4.
Land-trade duties, one-third abatement, Russ. Conv. 1869, 5, 8.
Import duty and Transit due, simultaneous payment, Brit. Rev. 3.
Inland duties on native products, Brit. Rev. 3.
do do. on imports from Hongkong, Brit. Rev. 5.
Dock stores exempt from duty, Brit. Rev. 13 ; Ger. 7, 58.
Ecclesiastical Mission at Peking, Russ. 1727 ; Russ. Tn. 10.
Educational advantages, U. S. Addit. 7.
Embargo, see Inviolability.
Emigration of Chinese legaUzed, Brit. Conv. 1860, 5; Fr. Conv. 1860, 9; Span. Conv. p. 204-
, Convention (not ratified) Br. 1866.
, voluntary, U. S. Addit. 5; Span. Emig. 3.
, , Per. 6.
, under contract, to Spanish colonies, Span. 10.
Emigrants, treatment of Chinese, Per. Conv. 1874, Span. Conv. 3.
Eminent Domain, right of, U. S. Addit. 1.
Employment of Chinese, Brit. Tn. 13; Fr. 1844, 24; Fr. Tn. 11 ; U. S. Wa. 8;U. S. Tn.
17; Ger. 9; Swed. 8, 18; Belg. 13; Dan. 13; HoU. 5; Port. 14 ; Span. 9 ; Ital. 13;
Aust. 12 ; Jap. 7.
Excursions, privilege of making, Brit. Supp. 6 ; Fr. 1844, 23 ; Swed. 17 ; HoU. 3 ; Jan. 6 ;
Exemption Certificates, Regulations 30th October, 1861.
Extradition, mutual, Brit. Supp. 9 ; Brit. Tn. 21 ; Fr. Tn. 1844, 31 ; Fr. Tn. 32 ; Fr. Front. 17 ;
U. S. Wa. 29 ;U. S. Tn. 18; Russ. 1727, 1768 ; Russ. Pek. 8, 10; Ger. 32; Swed. 29;
Belg. 43 ; Dan. 21 ; HoU. 6 ; Port. 45 ; Span. 18 ; Ital. 22 ; Aust. 36 ; Jap. 24.
False Manifest, v. Manifest.
, Declaration, Fr. Front. 12.
Favoured nation, see Most Favoured Nation.
Fooohow, Brit. Nan. 3 ; Fr. 1844, 2 ; U. S. Wa, 3 ; U. S. Tn. 14 ; Russ. Tn. 3 ; Ger. 6 ;
Swed. 3 ; Belg. 11 ; Dan. 11 ; HoU. 2 ; Port. 9 ; Span. 5 ; Btal. 11 ; Aust 8 ; Per. 4, 8, 9, 16.
Foreign Affairs, transaction of at Peking, Brit. Tn. 5 ; Belg. 5 ; Dan, 5 ; Holl. 1 ; Ital. 5 ;
Aust. 5.
Formosa, cession of, Jap. B. 2. 5.
, see Taiwan and Tamsui.
Frontier, Russian, Russ. Nipohu., Russ. Aigh. 1 ; Russ. Tn. 9; Russ. Pek, 1, 8.
, Japanese B. 3.
, French, Fr. p. 3 ; G. S. 1, 2.
INDEX. ^
, Trade, reduced tariff, Pr. G. 4, 7.
, Fr. Front, p. 242.
. Favoured nation treatment, Fr. C. 8.
Grain, foreign, re-exportation of, Brit. Tn. 45 ; U. S. Tn. 21 ; Belg. 35 ; Tan. 45; Hell. 10;
Span. 41 ; Ital. 45 ; Aust. 31 ; Tort. 35.
, or Rice, Brit. Tariff Ihile 5, § 3 ; Brit. Kev. 13.
Guano, free from duty, brit. Eev. 13.
Hainan, see Kiungchow.
Haiphong, Fr. Front. 2.
Hanliow, Brit. Tn. 10;Ger. 6; Belg. 11; Dan. 11 ; HoU. 2; Port. 9; Span. 5; Ital. 11 ; Aust. 8.
Hanoi, Fr. Front. 2.
Harbour-master, BrH. Tariff Rule 10.
Hokou, Fr. p. 213.
Hongkong:^
Cession of, Brit. Nan. 4.
Chinese, debtors in, Brit. Supp. 15! Brit. Tn. 23.
Tonnage dues certificate, Brit. Tn. 29.
Licences for Chinese trading to, Brit. Supp. 1 3.
Supervision of Chinese Irade at, Brit. Supp. 14.
Junk passes, to be reported from ,, „ 16.
Kovloong (see Oowloon)
Native produce re-imported from, Brit. Rev. 5.
Commission to investigate complaints, Brit. Chef. Ill vii.
Hong merchants' Guild, Abolition of, see Go-Song.
Uospitals, see Land.
"1" (Barbarian), character not to be used, Brit. 'J'n. 51 ; Dan. 51 ; Ital. 51.
Hi, Russian Trade at, Russ. 1851, 2, 4 ; Russ. Pek. 6. 11,
I-ch'ang, opened to trade, Brit. Chef. Ill i, vi.
Indemnity : —
For seizure of Opium, Brit. Nan. 5.
,, debts of Co-Hong, Brit Nan. 5.
„ war expenses, Brit. Nan. 6 ; Jap. B. 4.
Payment of $21,000,000, Brit. Nan. 7 ; Brit. Supp. 11.
For Canton affair, Brit, Tn. 55, and Separate Article ; Fr. Tn. 41, and Separate Articles.
Payment of Taels 8,000,000, Brit. Conv. 1860, 3 ; Fr. Conv. 1860, 4, 5.
To Japan, Jap. B. 4.
For Yunnan affair and other claims, Brit. Chef. I, v.
Independence of Corea, Jap. B. 1.
Inspection by Customs, time limited, Russ. Conv. 1869, 3.
Interior, places of business not allowed in, Holl. 3.
, trade in, certificates required, Aust. 11 ; Jap. 6; Brit. Tn. 4.
InviolabiUty of vessels and property, Fr. 1844, 3 ; Fr. 1 n. 12 ; U. S. Wa. 28 ; Swed. 28 ;
Belg. 14; Ital. 18; Aust 13.
JUBISDICTION : —
In criminal cases, Brit. Tn. 16; Brit. Chef. II, ii, iii; Fr. 1844, 27, 28; Fr. Tn. 38 j Fr.
Front. 16; U. S. Wa. 21 ; U. S. Tn. 11 ; Russ. Tn. 7; Russ Pek. 8; Swed. 11; Ger.
38 ; Dan. 16 ; Holl. 6 ; Port. 48 ; Span. 13 ; Kal. 16 ; AusD. 39 ; Jap. 22 ; Per 13.
In civil cases, Brit. Tn. 17 ; Fr. 1844, 25 ; Fr. Tn. 35 ; Fr. Front, 16 ; U. S. Wa. 24 ; U. S.
Tn. 28; Russ. Tn. 7; Russ. Pek. 8; Ger. 35; Swed. 24; Belg. 16; Dan. 15; Holl. 6;
Port. 48; Span. 12, 14; Ital. 15; Aust. 38; Per. 12 ; Jap. 21.
viii INDEX.
Where no Chinese are concerned, Brit. Tn. 15; Pr. 1844, 28; Fr. Tn 38,39; Jr. Front.
16 ; U. S. Wa. 25 ; U. S. Tn. 27 ; Rues. Tn. 7 ; Ger. 38, 39 ; Swed. 25, 26 ; Belg. 20 ;
Dan. 15; HoU. 6; Port. 47 ; Span. 12 ;, Ital. 15 ; Aust. 40; Jap. 20;, Per. 14.
Co-ODeration of Cliinese Authoritiea, Brit. Tn. 7; Brit. Chef. Ill, iii ;. Fr. 1884, 25; Fr.
Tn. S5 ; U. S. Wa. 24; U. S. Tn. 28 ; Buss. Tn 7 ; I'.uss. Fek. 8 ; Ger. 35 ; Swed. 24 ;
Pelg. 16; Dan. 15, 17; HoU. 6; Port. 49; Span. 14; Ital. 15, 17; Aust. 40; Jap. 23,
24 ; Per. 12.
Chinese right of eminent domain, U. S. Addit. 1.
Kiaohta,. Russ. Tn. 2, 10, 11; Russ. PeU. 5.
Kalgan, (Chang-ohia K'ow) Russian trade at, Russian Pek. 5 ; Russ. Conv. 1860, 4.
Kashgar, Russian trade and Consul at, Russ. Pek. 6, 8.
Kiukiang, Yangtsze Regulations, 1861 ; Ger. 6 ; Belg 11 ; HoU. 2 ; Span. 5 ; Ital. 1 1 ; Aust.
8 ; Jap. 9.
Kiungchow (Hainan), Brit. Tn. U; Ft. Tn. 6; Russ. Tn. 3; Ger. 6; Belg. 11; Dan. 11;
HoU. 2 ; Span. 5 ; Ilal. 11 ; Aust. 8 ; Jap. 9.
, removed from list of treaty ports, Brit. Rev. 6.
Kulangsu, garrison and evacuation of, Brit. Nan. 1-2 ; Brit. Supp. 11.
Kuldja (Kouldja or Kuldscha), see Hi.
Land, leasing of, Brit. Supp. 7 ; Brit. Tn. 12 ; Fr. 1844, 22 ; Fr. Tii. 10 ; Fr. Front. 3, 4 ;
U. S. Wa. 17 i V. S. Tn. 12 ; Russ. Tn. 5 ; Ger. 6 ; Belg. 12 ; Dan. 12 ; HoU: 2 ; Port. 16 ;
Span. 1 ; Ital. 12 ; Aust. 9 ; Jap. 4.
Land trade between Russia and China, Russ. Pek. 14; Russ. Conv. 18?9.
Law Suits, V. Jurisdiction.
Li Fan Yuan, dealings with Russian affairs, Russ. Tn. 2.
Lighthouses, buoys, beacons, &c., Brit. Tn. 32;- Brit. Tariff Rule 10 ; T. S. Tn. 16; Dim. 31^;
Port. 39 ; Span. 28 ; Ilal. 31.
Likin, area of exemption from, Brit. Chef. Ill i.
Lungchow, Fr. p. 213, -240, 242, 249.
Macao, Portuguese possession, Port. 2.
— — , Opium duty collection, Poit. Op. Conv.
, vessels trading to, tonnage dues certificate. Port. 48.
Manghao, Fr. p. 213, 249.
To be lodged within 48 hours, U. S. Tn. 19 ; Ger. 13i
under penalty of 50 Taels' fine*,. Brit. TiJl 37 ; Dani 36 ; HoU. 9'; Port, 27 ; Span. 33 ;.
Ital. 36i
under penalty of 50 Dollars' fine, Fr. T". 17-; Belg. 24'; AHist. Ifi:
Manifest, false, 500 Taels' penalty, Brit. Tn. 37; Brit. Rev. 8 ; Dan. 36; Port. 27;'Spaii; 33;
Ital. 36; Jap. 9; G. P. 3.
Manifest of export cargo, Brit. Rev. 8.
Manila, Spanish delinquents to be sent to, Spanj 13.
Manufactures, Jap. B. 6; Jap. p. 191-3.
Meltage Fee, Brit. Tariff Rule 9.
Mengtzu, Fr. p. 213, 240,,242, 249.
Merchant ships in distress, Brit. T". 20 ; Fr. 1844, 30 ; Fr. Tn. 30 ; U. S. \Va. 2f ; TJ; b*. Tn.
13; Ger. 31 ; Swed. 27; Belg. 42; Dan. 20; HoU. 7; Port. 19; Span=- 17-; Itali 21';
Aust. 35 ;- Jap. 17; Per. 1 L
Miiles,.Fr..G.,5.
Missi^tiaries, Fr. Conv. 1880, 6; Russ. Tn. 8 ; HoU. 4; {sve dhristianity)..
Mixed. Gburt at Shanghai, Rules, 1'169 ; Brit. Chef. 11 ii.
Slongolia', trade in, free of Dutji, Russ.,Goavii>186&5,2.
Monopolies to be forbidden, Fr. 1814, 9 ; Fr. Tn. 14 ; U. S. W. 15 ; Swed. 15.
ivimt. ix
Most favoured nation privileges, Brit. Supp. 8 ; Fr. 1844, 6 j Brit. Tn. 45 ; Fr. Tn. 9, 40 ;
Fr. C. 7 ; U. S. Tn. 30 ; U. S. Addit. 6 ; Russ. Tn. 12 ; Russ. Pek. 14 ; Ger. 40 ; Swed. 2 ;
Belg. 44 ; Dan. 54 ; HoU. 15 j Span. 50 ; Ital. 54 ; Aust. 43 ; Per. 9, 16 ; Port. 1 ; Jap. 4.
Conditional participation, Brit. Rev. 1.
Reciprocal, Port. 10 ; Span. 47 ; Ital. 54 ; Aust. 43 ; Per 15, 16.
Nanking, Treaty of, renew«dj Brit. Tn. 1.
,, Evacuation of, Brit. Nan. 12.
,, open to trade, Fr., Tn. 6 ; Belg. 11 ; Dan. 11 ; Holl. 2 ; Span. 5 ; Ital. 11 ; Aust. 8.
Native produce, repacked. Regulations, 1866.
Naturalization, not conferred, U. S. Addit. 6
Negotiators (Ewrvptan) ^^-
Aloock, Sir R., Brit. Emig. 1866 ; Brit. Rev. 1869.
ArminjoQ, Vittorio, Ital.
Brandt, M. Von, Germ. P. and S.
Brenan, Byron, Hongkong Opium Couv,
Bruwaert, E. Fr. Annam 1886.
Burlingame, Ansom, U. S. Addit.
Cogordan, G., Fr. Annam 1886.
Oonstans, 11. 1'r. Conv. 1887.
Gushing, Caleb. U. S. Wa.
Elgin, Earl of, Brit. Tn. ; Brie. Conv. 1S60.
Espana, C. de, Span. Emig.
Bulenberg, Count von, Ger.
Garcia y Garcia, Capt., Per.
Gerard, A. Fr. Conv. 1896.
GroB, Baron, Fr. Tn. ; Fr. Conv. 1860.
Hart, Sir Robert, Hongkong Opium Conv.
Hayashi, T., Jap.
Ignatiew, Major-General, Russ. Pek. 1860.
Ito, Jqp., £.
lagtkni, M. de, Fr. 1844.
Lannoy, Mons., Belg. 1845.
Liljewalch, C. F., Swed.
Mackay, Sir James Lyle, Brit. Com. Treaty.
Mas, Don Sinibaldo de, 1Sp3>n.
Mutsu, Viscount, Jap. B.
MouravlSW, liieiit. -General, Russ. Aigh.
Patenotre, M. J., Fr. Tn. 1885.
PetZ, Bear- Admiral Baron, Aust.
Pottinger, Sr H., Brit. Nan. ; Brit. Transit Dues' Declaration ; Brit. Supp.
Poutiatine. Count Euphimius, Russ. Tn.
Raasloff, Col. W. R., Dan.
Reed, WilUam B., U. S. Tn,
Roza, T. de S. Poft.
Salisbury, Marquis of. Chef. Addit.
Seward, William fi.,U. S. Addit.
■a?'Kint, M. Augttsle T., Belg.
Van Der Hoeven, J. Des Amorie, Holl.
Vlangaly, General A., Russ. Conv. 1869.
Wade, Sir Thomas Franoig, Brit. Chef,
Walsham, Sir John, Chungking Agmt.
X iNbJsX
Negotiators (Chinese) : —
Chih Kang, U. S. Addit.
Ching Lien, Ger. P. Coh-^.
Oh'ing, Prince, Port. ; Fr. Conv. 1887 ; French 1896.
Ch'ung Lun, Ger.
Ch'ung How, Ger. ; Belg. ; Dan. ; HoU. ; Port. ; Span. ; Ital. ; Aust.
Hang Ki, Dan. ; Port.
HWaahand,, Brit. Tn. ; Fr. Tn. ; U. S; Tn. ; Rus3< Tn.
Ichan, (see Yih Shan. )
IlipUj Brit. Nan.
Keying, Brit. Nan. ; Brit. Supp. ; Fr. 1844 ; U. S. Wa. ; Swed. ; Belg. 1845.
K'ing, Prince, Fr; Conv. 1898.
Kung Prince of, Brit, and Fr. Conv. 1860 ; Rasa. Pek. 186 i ; Brit. Emig. 1868 ; Brit. Rev.
1869; Russ. Conv. 1869 ; Jap. Conv. 1874.
Kwei Liang, Brit. Tn. ; Fr. Tn. ; U. S. Tn. ; Rusa tn.
Li Chiug-fong, Jap. B.
Li Hai-huan, Brit. Com. Treaty.
Li Hung-chang, Jap. ; Per ; Brit. Chef. ; Fr. Constans ; Fr. Annam ; Fr. PatenStre.
Shao Taotai, Hongkong Opium Conv.
Sheng Hsiian-huai. Brit. Com. Treaty.
Shen Kue-fen Ger. P. Conv. ; Span. Emig.
Sun Chia-ku, U. S. Addit.
Siieh Hwan, Span.
T'an T'ing-aiang, Ital.
Tseng. Marquis, Chef. Addit.
Taiyeng (see Keying.)
Tung Siin, Belg. : Aust.
Yih Shan, Buss. 1851 ; Ruaa. Aigh.
Neutrals, duties and privileges of, Fr. Tn. 31 ; U. S. Wa. 22 ; U. S. Tn. 26 ; Swed. 22 ; Ital. 21
Newchwang, B it. Tn. 11 ; Ger. 6; Belg. 11 ; Dan. 11 ; HoU. 2 ; Pert. 11 ; Span. 5 ; Ital. II
Aust. 8.
Ningpo, Brit. Nan. 3 ; Fr. 1884, 2; U. S. Wa. 3 ; U. S. Tn. 14 ; Russ. Tn. 3 ; Ger. 6 ; Swed. 3
Belg. 11, Dan. 11 ; HoU. 2 ; Port, 11 ; Span. 5 ; Ital. 11 ; Aust. 8 ; Jap. 4.
Official communications, Brit. Nan. 11 ; Fr. Tn. 4; U. S. Wa. 30, 31 ; U. S. Tn. 7 ; Ger. 5
Swed. 30, 31 ; Belg. 8 ; Dan 10, .50 ; HoU. 14 ; Port 8 ; Span. 51 ; Ital. 10, 50 ; Aust. 7.
Opium, Duty and carriage inland, Brit. Tariff Rule 5, § 1.
, increased import duty on, Brit. Rev, 12.
, special arrang ment for, Brit. Cuef. Ill iii ; Br. p. 251-3 ; Fr. p. 247, 249 ; Port Conv.
1887; Jap. 11.
Opium, contraband, U. S. Wa. 33 ; Swed. 33,
Pakhoi, opened to trade, Brit. Chef. Ill i.
Partial dis harge of cargo, Fr. Tn. 24 ; U. S. Tn. 19 ; Ger. 25 ; Aust. 29 ; Port 22.
Passengers' Luggage, Regulation, 1867. ""
Pasapo't, travel under., Brit, Tn. 9; Fr. Tn. 8; Fr. P. 4. Fr. Front. 5; Brit. Rev. 12 ; Ger.
8 ; G. P. 6. and p. 202 ; Belg. 10 ; Dan. 9 ; HoU. 3 ; Port 17 ; Span. 7 ; Ital. 9 ; Aust. 1 1 ;
Per. 5 ; Jap. 6.
, returnable after one year, Brit. Rev. 14 ; Jap. 6.
Peking, not open to trade, Brit. Tariff Rule 8.
, Russians from Kiaohta, allowed to trade, Russ. 1727; Russ. Pek. 5.
, see Representatives.
pepper, import duty on, reduced, Brit. Rev. 13.
Pescadores, Cession of, Jap. B. 2.
Philippines, Chinese trading in. Span. 47.
Pilots, services maybe engaged, Brit. Tn. 35; Fr. 18 <4, 11; Fr. Tn. 15; U. S. Wa. 8;
U. S. Tn. 17 ; Ger. 11 ; Swed. 8 ; Belg. 22 ; Dan. 34 ; Port. 25 ; Span. 31 ; Ital. 34 ;
Aust. 14; Jap. 16.
Licences to, Brit. Rev. 10 ; G.' P. 4.
Piracy, measures for suppression of, Brit. Tn. 53 ; Port. 18 ; Ital 53 ; Jap. 19.
, or robbery in Chinese waters, Brit. Tn; 19 ; Fr. 18 41, 29 ; Fr. Tn. 34 ; U. S. Wa. 26 ;
U. S. tn. 13; Ger. 33; Swed. 26; Belg. 44; ban 19; Holl. 7; Port 19 ; Span. 16;
Ital. 19 ; Aust. 38 ; Jap. 17 and 19.
Port-charges, Jap. 15.
Ports not open to trade, Brit. Tn. 47 ; U. S. Wa. 3 ; U. S. Tn. 14 ; Ger. 7 ; Belg. 21 ; Dan,
47 ; Holl, 12 ; Port. 42 ; Span. 43 ; Ital. 47 ; Aust. 10 ; Jap. 5.
Ports, limits of, Brit. Tariff Rule 6 ; U. S. Wa. 17 ; U. S. Tn. 12.
Postal service to Kiachta, Rusg. Tn. 11 ; Russ. Pek. 12.
Presence of British officers at judicial enquiries, Brit. Chef. II iii.
Protection against insult or violence, Brit. Tn. 18; Fr. 1844, 26; Fr. Tn. 36; U. S.Wa. 19;
U. S. Tn. 11 ; Russ. Tn. 1 ; Ger. 36; Swed. 19, 26; Belg. 17 ; Dan. 18 ; Holl. 7; Port.
6 ; Span. 15 ; Ital. 18; Aust. 13 ; Jap. 2.
Public works, see Sailways.
Publication of Treaty, Brit. Con v. 1860, 8; U. S. Tn. 3 ; Ger. 42 ; Port. 54 ; Span. 52.
Pulse, Brit. Tariff Rule 5, §1, 4.
Railways and Telegraphs, &c., U. S. Addit. 8 ; Fr. P. 7 ; Fr. G. 5.
Ratifications, exchange of, Brit. Nan. 3; Brit. Tn. 56; Brit. Conv. 1860, 7 ; Brit. Rev. 16;
Fr. 1844, 36; Fr. Tn. 42; U. S. Wa. 34; U. S. Tn. 30; Russ. Tn. 12; Russ. Pek. 15 ;
Ger. 42; Belg. 47; Dan. 55; Holl. 16; Port. 54; Span. 52; Ital. 55; Aust. 45 ; Jap.
29 ; Per 19.
Rebels, places in possession of, Prit. Tn. 9 ; Fr. Tn. 6 ; Ger. 8 ; Belg. 10 ; Dan. 9 ; Holl. 2 ;
Span. 7.
or pirates, supplies to ; Span. 49.
Religion, v. Christianity.
Rent, V. Land.
Responsibility of Chinese officials, limitation of, in cases of debt, piracy, or robbery, U. S.
Tn. 13 ; Ger. 33 ; Belg 17, IS ; Dan. 18 ; Hull. 6 ; Span. 16, 19 ; Ital. IS.
Re-exportalion, Brit. Tn. 45; Brit. Rev. 11; Swed. 20; Ger. 26; Belg. 34, 35; Dan 45;
Holl. 10 ; Port. 35 ; Span. 41 ; Ital. 45 ; Aust. 31 ; J^p. 13.
Representatives to reside at, or visit, Peking, Brit. Tn. 3 ; Brit. Conv. 1860, 2; Fr. Tn. 2;
U. S. Tn. 6 ; Ger. 2 ; and Separate Article ; Belg. 2, 3 ; Dan. 3 ; Holl. 1 ; Port. 5 ;
.Span. 2 ; Ital. 3 ; Aust. 3 ; Jap. 2 ; Per. 2.
Revision, Brit. Tn. 27 ; Fr. 1844, 35 ; Fr. Tn. 27, 40 ; Fr. P. 8 ; U. .''. Wa. 34 ; Ger. 41 ;
Swed. 34 ; Belg. 46; Dau. 26 ; Holl. Sep. ; Port. 46 ; Span. 23 ; Ital 26 ; Aust. 44 ; Jap.
26; Peris.
Rice and Grain, see Grain.
Robb ry or Inc.ndiarism, Brit. Tn. IS; Fr. Tn. 36 ; tJ. S. Wa. 19; U. S. Tn. 11 ; Ger. 36 ;
Belg. 17 ; Dan. 18 ; Holl. 7 ; Port. 15 ; Span. 13 ; Ital. 18 ; Aust. 41,
Sailing Letters, for small craft, Brit. Supp. 17.
Salt, Brit. Tariff Uu'e, 3.
Saltpetre, Brit. Tariff Rule 5, § 5.
Schools, Fr. Tn. 10 ; Belg. 12; U. S. Addit. 7.
Settlement area to be defined, Brit. Chef. Ill ii.
Shanghai, Brit. Nan. 3 ; Fr. l844, 2 ; U. S. Wa. 3 ; TJ. S. Tu. 14 ; Suss. Tn. 3 ; Gier. 6 !
Swed. 3; Belg. 11; Dan. 11; Holl. 2; Port. 10; Span. 5; Ital. 11; Aust. 8; Jap.
Protocol 3.
Ships of war, to be stationed at Ports, Brit. Supp. 10 ; Fr. 1814, 5 ; Fr. Tn. 29 ; Ruas. Tn. 5i
Swed. 32.
, privileges of, Brit. Tn. 52 ; Fr. 1844, 30 ; Fr. Tn. 30 ; U. S. Wa. 32 ; U. S. Tn.
9 ; Russ. Tn. 6 ; Ger. 30 ; Swed. 32 ; Belg. 41 ; Dan. 52 ; Holl. 13 ; Span. 4S ; Ital. '52 ;
Aust. 34 ; Per. 10.
, U. S., not to enter Peiho, U. S. Tn. 5.
Ships' Stores, Brit. TarififRule2; Brit. Rev. 13.
Ship material, old, 6. P. 6.
Siberian, Eastern, Governor-Generall of, Russ. Pek. 9.
Sikkim, Brit. p. 211.
Silk, duty on increased, Brit. Rev. 13.
Smuggling or Fraud :
To be guarded against by Consuls, Brit. Supp. 12.
Means to prevent, Brit. Tn. 46; Brit. Tariff Rule 10; Fr. Tn. 28; U. S. Tn. 14; Russ.
Conv. 1869, 21; Belg. 39; Dan. 46; Holl. 12; Port. 44 ; Span. 45; Ital. 46.
By hired boats, Brit. Tu. 14; Belg. 29; Dan. 14; Span. 11 ; Ital. 14; Aust. 19.
Spelter, Brit. Tariff Rule 5, § 5.
Soemao, declared open, F. G. 3.
Steam-tugs, Regulation, 1867, p. 22S.
on Poyang Lake, Brit. Rev. 12.
Sulphur, Brit. Tariff Rule 5, § 5.
Supreme Court (British), Brit. Chef. II ii.
Swatow, (Oh'ao-chow Fu), Brit. Tn. 11 ; Fr. Tn. 6 ; U. S. Tu. 14 ; Ger. 6 ; Belg. 11 ; Holl.
2 ; Span. 6 ; Ital. 11 ; Aust. 8.
, declared open, V. S. Proclamation, 1860.
Sycee, touch of, Brit. Rev. 14 .
Taiwan (Formosa), Brit. Tn. 11 ; Fr. Tn. 6 ; U. S. Tn. 14; Ruas. Tn. 3 ; Ger. 6; Belg. 11 ;
Dan. 11 ; Holl. 2 ; Span. 5 ; Ital. 11 ; Aust. 8 ; Jap. B. 2.
, declared open, U. S. Proclamation, 1860.
Taku, apology for attack at, Brit. Conv. 1860, 1.
, route to Peking, Ruas. Tn. 1858.
, U. S. ships of war not to enter the Peiho, U. S. Tn. 5.
Tamsui (Formosa), Fr. Tn. 6; Ger. 6; Belg. 11; Dan. 11; Holl. 2; Span. 5; Ital. 11;
Aust. 8.
Taogchow, see Chefoo.
Tarbagatai, (Tchuguohak), Russ. 1851, 4.
Tare, how calculated, Brit. Tsin. 43, Port. 33.
Tariff, Brit. Nan. 10 : Brit. Supp. 1 ; Brit. Tn. 24,26 ; Fr. 1844, 6 ; Fr. Tn. 9 ; U. S. Wa. 2 ;
U. S. Tn. 15 ; Russ. Tn. 4 ; Ger. 15 ; Swed. 2 ; Belg. 30 ; Dan. 25 ; Holl. 10 ; Port.
12 ; Span. 21 ; Ital. 24 ; Aust. 20 ; Jan. 9, 26 ; Per. 9.
, decennial revision of, Brit. Tn. 27 ; Fr. P. 8 ; Port. 46 ; Jap. 26.
, septennial do. Fr. Tn. 27.
Teachers, right to engage, Fr. Tn. 11 ; U. S. Wa. 8 ; U. S. Tn. 17 ; G«r. 9 ; Belg. 13 ; Ital.
13 ; Aust. 12.
Telegraphs, see Railways.
INDEX.
XUI
rerritorial rights to be held sacred, Jap. 1.
Text, authentic, Brit. Tn. 50]; Pr. Tn. 3; Rnss. Tn. 12; Ger. 5 ; Belg. 8; Dan. 50; HoU. 14;
Port. 53 ; Span. 51 ; Ital. 50 ; Auat. 7 ; Jap. 28 ; Per. 17.
Tibet, exploration of, Brit. Chef. Sep. Art.
Tientsin, Brit. Conv. 1860, 4 ; Fr. Con v. 1860. 7 ; Ger. 6 ; Belg. 1 1 ; Dan. 11 ; Holl. 2; Span.
5 ; Ital. 11 ; Auat. 8 ; Jap. Protocol 3.
Timber, I'mport duty on, reduced, Brit. Rev. 13.
Tin plates, do. do. ,, „ 13.
Tonkin, Fr. Front, p. 215.
Tonnage Dues : —
On merchant vessels, Brit. Tn. 29 ; Fr. 1844, 14 ; Fr. Tn. 22 ; Fr. 0. 6 ; Fr. Front. 7 ;
Russ. Tn. 4 ; U. S. Wa. 6; U. S. Tn. 16 ; Ger. 23 ; Ger. P. 2 ; Port. 43 ; Swed. 6 \
Belg. 32 ; Dan. 28 ; Holl. 8 ; Aust. 27 ; Jap. 15.
Exemption for period of 48 hours, Brit. Tn. 30 ; Fr. 1844, 14 ; Fr. Tn. 21 ; U. S. Wa. 10 ■
U. S. Tn. 19; Ger. 20; Swed. 10; Belg. 32; Dan. 29; Holl. 8; Port. 23; Span. 20-
Ital. 29 ; Aust. 24 ; Jap. 15.
On cargo-boats, Brit. Tn. 31; Fr. 1844, IS'; Fr. Tn. 22; U. S. Wa. 7; Ger. 23; Swed. 7;
Belg . 32 ; Dan. 30 ; Holl. 8 ; Port. 24 ; Span. 27 ; Ital. 3 ) ; Jap. 1-5.
Boats exempted from, Brit. Tn. 31 ; Fr. Tn. 22; Ger. 23; Swed. 7; Belg. 32; Dan 30-
Holl. 8 ; Span. 27 ; Port. 24. ' ' '
Ships repairing, exemption, G. P. 5 and p. 202.
Rectification of error concerning, Fr. Conv. 1860, 10.
Payment of, Brit. Rev. 7.
On vessels laden with duty-free goods, Brit. Tariff Rule, 2; U. S. Wa. 7.
Trade, General Regulations, Brit. Supp. 2.
to be unrestricted, Fr. 1844, 32 ; Fr. Tn. 14 ; U. S. Wa. 15 ; Swed. 2 ; Per. 5.
restricted to open ports. Port 1 G.
Transit Duties, Brit Nan. 10; Brit. Declaration, 1843; Brit. Tn, 28 ; Brit. Tariff Rule 7 •
Fr. Tn. 23; Ger. 24; Belg. 33; Dan. 27; Holl. 10; Port. 38 ; Span. 24; Ital. 27'
Aust. 28 ; Jap. 10, 11, 12. . ■ ,
, commutation for, Brit. Rev. 3.
, on duty-free goods, Brit. Tariff Rule 2.
, Regulation, 30th October, 1861.
, certificate to be uniform and irrespective of nationality, Brit. Chef. Ill iv.
, certificates to be returnable, Brit. Rev. 14.
' , not to be increased, Brit. Declaration 1843; Fr. Tn. 23 ; Ger. 24; Swed. 13,
, passes, period of value, G. P. 7 and p. 201.
Transhipment, see Customs. , through Tonkin, Fr. Front. 7, 8, 9, 12.
Travel and Correspondence of Ambassador, Brit. Tn. 4 ; Fr. Tn. 2 ; U. S. Tn. 4 5 • Buss
Tn. 2; Russ. Pek. 13; Ger. 3; Bel. 3; Dan. 4; Holl. 1 ; Span. 3; Ital. 4. ;' Aust. 4;
Jap. 2 ; Port. 6.
Treaty ports, right .of residence, &e., Brit. Nan. 3 ; Brit, Tn. 12 ; Fr. 1844, 2 ; Fr. Tn 7 •
Fr. Front. 3 ; U. S. Wa. 3 ; U. S. Tn. 14 ; Russ. Tn. 3 ; Ger. 6 ; Swed. 3 ; Belg. 11 •
Dan. 11 ; Holl. 2 ; Port. 11 ; Span. 5 ; Ital. 11 ; Ausb. 8 ; Jap. 4, 14 ; Per. 4.
Tung-hin?, Fr. p. 212.
Uneniimerated goods, Brit. Tariff Rule 1.
Urga (Ourga), Russian Consul and trade at, Russ. Pek. 5:'
ikit tsmit.
Values, how settled, Biit. Tn. 42 ; Port. 33.
Vessels entering port, liability of, Brit. Taiiff Bule 6.
not liable to embargo, see Inviolability.
in distress, Merchant Ships and Wrech
War, protection to U. S. citizens in case of, U. S. Addit. 1.
• , neutrality in case of, U. S. Wa. 22 ; U. S. Tn. 26 ; Swed. 22.
Watches, import duty on, reduced, Brit. Rev. 13. ,
Weights and measures, Brit. Tn. 34 ; Fr. 1844, 19 ; Fr. Tn. 26 ; U. S. Wa. 12 ; Ger. 28 ;
Swed. 12; Belg. 36; Dan. 33 ; Port. 41; Span. 30; Ital. 33; Aust. 32.
, equiyalents of, Brit. Tarift Rule 4.
WSnchow, opened to trade, Brit. Rev. 6 ; Brit. Chef. Ill i.
Woosung, port of c.ill, Ger. P. 1.
Wreck or standing, Brit. Tn. 20 ; Fr. Tn. 30 ; U. S. Wa. 27 ; U. S. Tn. 13 ; Russ. Tn. 6 ;
Ger. 31 ; Swed. 27 ; Belg. 42 ; D. n. 20 ; HoU. 7 ; Port. 19 ; Span. 17 ; Ital. 20 ; Aust.
35 ; Per. 11.
Wuhu, opened to trade, Brit, Rev. 13 ; Brit. Chef. Ill i
Yang-tsze, trade open, Brit. Tri. 10 ; Brit. Tariff Rule 10 ; HoU. 2 ; (Ter. P. 1 ; Jap. 5.
, opening of, provisional Regulations, 1861.
■ •, trade upon, revised do. do. 1861.
, regulations for trade, 1862.
, Landing places for steamer traffic, Brit. Chef. Ill i.
Yiinnan outrage, Brit. Chef. I.
, frontier tr.idc, Brit. Chef. 1 iii, iv.
, residence of Brit, officials Brit. Chef. I iv.
, Indian mission, Brit. Chef. I iv.
, Indemnity of outrage, Brit. Chef. I v.
GREAT BRITAm.
TREATY OF PEACE, FRIENDSHIP, AND COMMERCE
BETWEEN HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN OF GREAT
BRITAIN AND IRELAND AND THE EMPEROR OF
CHINA.
Signed, in the English and Chinese Languages, at Nanking, 2gth August,
1842.
Ratifications exchanged at Hongkong, 26th June, 1843.
Her Majesty, the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, and His Majesty the Emperor of China, being desirous
of putting an end to the misunderstandings and consequent hostilities
which have arisen between the two countries, have resolved to
conclude a treaty for that purpose, and have therefore named as their
Plenipotentiaries, that is to say : Her Majesty the Queen of Great
Britain and Ireland, Sir Henry Pottinger, Bart., a Major-General pienipotenti-
in the service of the. East India Company, etc., etc.; and His Imperial Kjfi
Majesty the Emperor of China, the High Commissioners Ke-ying, a Pottinger,
Member of the Imperial House, a Guardian of the Crown Prince, and ^fp^"^' ™^
General of the Garrison of Canton : and Ilipii, of the Imperial
Kindred, graciously permitted to wear the insignia of the first rank,
and the distinction of a peacock's feather, lately Minister and
Governor-General, etc., and now Lieut.-General commanding at
Chdpii : — Who, after having communicated to each other their respective
full powers, and found them to be in good and due form, have agreed
upon and concluded the following Articles : —
Art. I. — There shall henceforward be peace and friendship Amity and
between Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great tectiin,'^''°'
Britain and Ireland, and His Majesty the Emperor of China, and
between their respective subjects, who shall enjoy full security and
protection for their persons and property within the dominions of the
other.
Art. II. — His Majesty the Emperor of China agrees, that British ^ive Ports open
subjects, with their families and establishments, shall be allowed to trade!' ^''^ ™
reside, for the purpose of carrying on their mercantile pursuits,
without molestation or restraint, at the cities and towns of Canton,
Amoy, Fuchau-fu, Ningpo, and Shanghai ; and Her Majesty the Queen
of Great Britain, etc., will appoint Superintendents, or Consular Officers, Appointment of
to reside at each of the above-named cities, or towns, to be the medium consular
Oifi.C6rs
of communication between the Chinese authorities and the said
merchants, and to see that the just duties and other dues of the Chinese
Government, as hereafter provided for, are duly discharged by Her
Britannic Majesty's subjects.
Art. III. — It being obviously necessary and desirable that island of Hong-
British subjects should have some port whereat they may careen and Great Brfttin",
refit their ships when required, and keep stores for that purpose, His
[ 2 ]
Indemnity for
Hong Mer-
chants' debts.
ludeinnity for
expenses of war.
Majesty the Emperor of China cedes to Her Majesty the Queen of
Great Britain, etc., the Island of Hongkong, to be possessed in perpetuity
by Her Britannic Majesty, her heirs and successors, and to be governed
by such laws and regulations as Her Majesty the Queen of Great
Britain, etc., shall see fit to direct.
o'1Sm"sefzed'^ Art. IV. — The Emperor of China agrees to pay the sum of Six
Millipns of Dollars, as the value of the Opium which was delivered
up at Canton in the month of March, 1839, £^s a ransom for the lives
of Her Britannic Majesty's Superintendent and Subjects, who had
been imprisoned and threatened with death by the Chinese high
officers.
Guild of Hong Art. V. — The Government of China having compelled the British
Ho^^aboUshe'd. merchants trading at Canton to degl exclusively with certain Chinese
merchants, called Hong-merchants (or Co-hong), who had been
licensed by the Chinese Government for that purpose, the Emperor of
China agrees to abolish that practice in future at all ports where British
merchants may reside, and to permit them to carry on their mercantile
transactions with whatever persons tbey please; and His Imperial
Majesty further aprees to pay to the British Government the sum of
Three Millions of Dollars, on account of debts due to British subjects
by some of the said Hong-merchants, or Co-hong, who have become
insolvent, and who owe very large sums of money to subjects of Her
Britannic Majesty.
Art. VI. — The Government of Her Britannic Majesty having
been obliged to send out an expedition to demand and obtain redress
for the violent and unjust proceedings of the Chinese high authorities
towards Her Britannic Majesty's Officers and Subjects, the Emperor
of China agrees to pay the sum of Twelve Millions of Dollars, on
account of the expenses incurred : and Her Britannic Majesty's
Plenipotentiary voluntarily agrees, on behalf of Her Majesty, to deduct
from the said amount of Twelve Millions of Dollars, any sums which
may have been received by Her Majesty's combined forces, as ransom
for cities and towns in China, subsequent to the ist day of August,
1841.
Art. VII. — It is agreed, that the total amount of Twenty-one
Millions of Dollars, described in the thre^ preceding Articles, shall be
paid as follows : —
Six millions immediately. Six millions in 1843 ; that is, three
millions on or before the 30th of the month of June, and three millions
on or before the 31st of December. Five Millions in 1844; that is,
two millions and a-half on or before the 30th of June, and two millions
and a-half on or before the 31st December. Four millions in 1845;
that is, two millions on or before the 30th of June, and two millions on
or before the 31st of December.
And it is further stipuljited, that interest, a,t the rate of 5 per cent,
per annum, shall be paid by the Government of China on any portion
of the above sums that are not punctually discharged at the periods
fixed.
Art. VIII. — The Emperor of China agrees to release, uncondi-
tionally, all subjects of Her Britannic Majesty (whether natives of
Europe or India), who may be in confinement at this moment in any
part of the Chinese Empire.
Art. IX. — The Emperor of China agrees to publish and
promulgate, under His Imperial Signi Mafti*al and Seal,, a full and
Mode of I
jnent of t
Indemnity of
?21,(X10,000
pay-
otal
Release of
prisoners.
Amnesty to
Chiue'se sulDjeets
[ 3 ]
entire amnesty and act of indemnity to all subjects of China, on
account of their having resided under, or having had dealings and
intercourse with, or having entered the service of Her Britannic
Majesty, or of Her Majesty's officers; and His Imperial Majesty
further engages to release all Chinese subjects whp may be at this
moment in confinement for similar reasons.
Art. X. — His Majesty the Emperor of China agrees to establish at n^'g'I^be
all the ports which are, by the second article of this Treaty, to be thrown drawn up.
open for the resort of British merchants, a fair and regular Tariff of
Export and Import Customs and other dues, which Tariff shall be
publicly notified and promulgated for general information; and the
Emperor further engages that, whenBrj ^Ush ^merchandise shall have
once paid at any of the said ports "TEe regulated customs and
dues, agreeable to the Tariff to be hereafter fixed, such merchandise
may be conveyed by Chinese merchants to any province or city in
the interior of the Empire of China, on paying a TurtHer amount as
Transit duties, which shall not exceed — per cent, on the Tariff value Transit Duty.
of such goods.
Art. XI. — It is agreed that Her Britannic Majesty's Chief High m^nJeatS'
Officer in China shall correspond with the Chinese High Officers, both
at the Capital and in the Provinces, under the term ^ ■^ "communi-
cation;" the subordinate British Officers and Chinese High Officers in
the Province under the term ^ ^ "statement," on the part of the
former, and on the part of the latter, ^1] fj "declaration,'' and the
subordinates of both countries on a footing of perfect equality;
merchants and others not holding official situations, and therefore hot
included in the above, on both sides to use the term ^ ^
"representation " in all papers addressed to, or intended for the
notice of the respective governments.
Art. XII.— On the assent of the Emperor of China to this Treaty N™km''''chin
being received, and the discharge of the first instalment of money. Her hai, Kfiiiing-sa!
Britannic Majesty's forces will retire from Nanking and the Grand ^""^ '^''"''"■■
Canal, and will no longer molest or stop the trade of China. The
military post at Chinhai will also be withdrawn ; but the islands of
Kiilang-su, and that of Chusan, will continue to be held by Her
Majesty's forces until the money payments, and the arrangements for
opening the ports to British merchants, be completed.
Art. XIII. — The ratification of this Treaty by Her Majesty the Ratification.
Queen of Great Britain, etc., and His Majesty the Emperor of China, shall
be exchanged as soon as the great distance which separates England
from China will admit; but, in the meantime, counterpart copies of Effect to be
it, signed and sealed by the Plenipotentiaries on behalf of their f^^g'^^'^'^
respective Sovereigns, shall be mutually delivered, and all its time.
provisions and arrangements shall take effect
Done at Nanking, and signed and sealed by the Plenipotentiaries August 29, i842.
on board H.B.M.'s ship CornwalUs, this 29th day of August, 1842;
corresponding with the Chinese date, 24th day of the 7th month, in
the 22 nd year of Taou-Kwang.
Approved and ratified by the Emperor on the 24th day of the
9th month, in the 22nd year of his reign (27th October, 1842.)
[ 4 ]
DECLARATION RESPECTING TRANSIT DUTIES.
Signed^ in the English and Chinese Languages, at Hongkong, 26th June,
1843-
Whereas by the Tenth Article of the Treaty between Her Majesty
the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and
His Majesty the Emperor of China, concluded and signed on board
Her Britannic Majesty's ship Cornwallis, at Nanking, on the 29th day
of August, 1842, corresponding with the Chinese date 24th day of the
7th month, in the 22nd year of Taou-Kwang, it is stipulated and agreed,
that His Majesty the Emperor of China shall establish at all the ports,
which, by the Second Article of the said Treaty, are to be thrown
open for the resort of British merchants, a fair and regular Tariff of
export and import customs and other dues, which Tariff snail be
publicly notified and promulgated for general information ; and further,
that when British merchandise shall have once paid, at any of the
said ports, the regulated customs and dues agreeably to the Tariff to
he hereafter fixed, such merchandise may be conveyed by Chinese
merchants to any province or city in the interior of the Empire of
China, on paying a further amount of duty as transit duty;
And whereas the rates of transit duty to be so levied was not fixed
by the said Treaty;
Now, therefore, the undersigned Plenipotentiaries of Her Britannic
Majesty, and of His Majesty the Emperor of China, do hereby, on
proceeding to the exchange of the Ratifications of the said Treaty,
agree and declare, that the further amount of duty to be so levied on
British merchandise, as transit duty, shall not exceed the present
rates, which are upon a moderate scale ; and the Ratifications of the
said Treaty are exchanged subject to the express declaration and
stipulation herein contained.
In witness whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed
the present Declaration, and have affixed thereto their respective Seals.
Done at Hongkong, the 26th day of June, One thousand eight
hundred and forty-three, corresponding with the Chinese date,
Taou-Kwang, twenty-third year, fifth month, and twenty-ninth day.
[L.S.] (Signed) HENRY POTTINGER.
Seal and Signature
of Chinese
Plenipotentiary,
Ke-tinq.
[ 5 ]
[Precis.]
SUPPLEMENTARY TREATY BETWEEN HER MAJESTY
THE QUEEN OF GREAT BRITAIN AND THE
EMPEROR OF CHINA.
Signed at Hoo-mun Chae (the Bogue), 8th October, 1843.
Published by Proclamation at Hongkong, loth July, 1844.
Abrogated by Treaty of Tientsin; June, 1858.
Whereas a Treaty of perpetual peace and friendship between Preamble.
Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, and His Majesty the Emperor of China was
concluded at Nanking, and signed on board Her said Majesty's Ship
Cornwallis, on the 29th day of August, a.d., 1842, corresponding with
the Chinese date of the 24th day of the 7th month of the 22nd year of
TaourKwang, of which said Treaty of perpetual peace and friendship
the ratifications, under the respective seals and signs manual of the
Queen of Great Britain, etc., and the Emperor of China, were duly
exchanged at Hongkong, on the 26th day of June, a.d,, 1843, cor-
responding with the Chinese date the 29th day of the sth month, in
the 23rd year of Taou Kwang ; and Whereas in the said Treaty it was
provided (amongst other things) that the five Ports of Canton,
Foochow, Amoy, Ningpo, and Shanghai should be thrown open for
the resort and residence of British merchants, and that a fair and
regular Tariff of Export and Import Duties and other Dues should be
established at such Ports ; and Whereas various other matters of detail
connected with, and bearing relation to, the said Treaty of perpetual
peace and friendship have been since under the mutual discussion and
consideration of the Plenipotentiary and accredited Commissioners of
the high contracting parties, and the said Tariff and details having
been now finally examined into, adjusted and agreed upon, it has been
determined to arrange and record them in the form of a Supplemetary
Treaty of Articles, which Articles shall be held to be as binding
and of the same efficacy as though they had been inserted in the
original Treaty of perpetual peace and friendship.
Art. I. — The Tariff, hereunto annexed, to be henceforward in
force at the five open Ports.
Art. II. — The General Regulations of Trade, hereunto annexed,
to be henceforward in force at the above-mentioned Ports.
Art. III. — All penalties and confiscations made under the Regu-
lations of Trade shall belong to the Government of China.
Art. IV. — Trade to be allowed only at the five open Ports, under
penalty of confiscation. Chinese clandestinely dealing with English
merchants to be punished by the Chinese Government.
Art. V. — Commercial dealing and debts. Rule laid down in Art.
IV. of the General Regulations to be applicable on either side.
Art. VI. — Excursions confined to short distances from open Ports.
Crews of vessels not allowed to land without special permission.
t 6 j
Art. VII. — Right of leasing ground and houses.
Art. VIII. — British subjects to enjoy the privileges of the most
favoured nation.
Art. IX. — Extradition on either side.
Art. X. — A British vessel-of-war to be stationed at each of the
five Ports to enforce good order among the crews of vessels and to
support the authority of the Consul. The local authorities to be
informed of all reliefs of such vessels. No port-charges leviable.
Art. XI. — Chusan and Koolangsoo to be evacuated so soon as the
indemnity has been paid.
Art. XII. — The Consuls to keep a strict watch against smuggling
by British subjects. The Chinese Government to adopt its own
measures for the control of Chinese merchants and Customs' oflScers.
Art. XIII. — Chinese trading with Hongkong must receive port-
clearances for the vessels they employ from their own authorities.
Art. XIV. — An English officer to be appointed at Hongkong to
examine the registers and passes of all Chinese vessels, and a report
of any irregularity to be made to the Chinese authorities.
Art. XV. — Recovery of debts at Hongkong.
Art. XVI. — A monthly statement of all junk passes to be
exchanged between the Custom Houses at the five Ports and the
proper English officer at Hongkong.
Art. XVII. — (Additional.) Rules relating to small craft plying
under the British flag. Sailhig letter in Chinese and English, to be
carried, etc., etc.
[L.S.] (Signed) HENRY POTTINGER.
[L.S.] (Signed) KE-YING.
[Regulations and Tarifi appointed — abrogated by Treaty of Tientsin.^
1 7 1
CONVENTION AND TREATY OF PEACE BETWEEN GREAT
BRITAIN AND CHINA, 1858-1860.
Proclamation.
The Earl of Elgin and Kincardine, K.T., G.C.B., Her Britannic
Majesty's Special Ambassador in China, etc., etc., has much satisfaction
in informing Her Majesty's subjects in China that a Convention for
re-establishment of Peace between Great Britain and China was
concluded, and the Ratification of the Treaty of Tientsin of the year
1858, duly exchanged at Peking, on the 24th of October, i860.
The Earl of Elgin now publishes for general information the text Proclamation.
of the said Convention and Treaty, together with the text of the tariff
and rules which form part of the Treaty, and were agreed to by him
and the Plenipotentiaries of the Emperor of China at Shanghai, on the
8th of November, 1858.
The Earl of Elgin trusts that by a considerate treatment of the
natives with whom they may come into contact, and a faithful
observance of their obligations towards the Chinese Government, Her
Majesty's subjects in China will do what in them lies to reconcile the
people and authorities of China to the changes in their relations with
foreigners, which are about to be introduced under the international
compacts herewith promulgated^ — changes which, if they be carried
into effect in such manner as to afford greater scope to the commercial
activity of the Chinese people, without doing unnecessary violence to
their habits and traditions, will, it may be hoped, prove beneficial to
them, and to all who have dealings with them.
Due notice will be given whenever the arrangements for carrying
into execution the provisions of this Convention and Treaty, at the
Ports thereby opened to British Trade, shall be completed.
God Save the Queen.
Dated at Tientsin, this twentieth day of November, a.d., i860.
(Signed) ELGIN AND KINCARDINE.
[ 8 ]
CONVENTION OF PEACE BETWEEN HER MAJESTY AND
THE EMPEROR OF CHINA.
Signed at Peking, 24.th October, i860.
Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, and His
Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China, being alike desirous to bring
to an end the misunderstanding at present- existing between their
respective Governments, and to secure their relations against further
interruption, have for this purpose appointed Plenipotentiaries, that
is to say: —
pienipotenti. g-gj, ]y[ajesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, the Earl of
B^^riofKigin Elgin and Kincardine; and His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of
and Prince of ' China, His Imperial Highness the Prince of Kung; who having met
Kung. g^fij communicated to each other their full powers, and finding these
to be in proper form, having agreed upon the following Convention,
in Nine Articles : —
attecSTaku" Art. I. — A breach of friendly relations having been occasioned
in June, 1859. jjy the act of the Garrison of Taku, which obstructed Her Britannic
Majesty's Representative when on his way to Peking, for the purpose
of exchanging the ratifications of the Treaty of Peace, concluded at
Tientsin in the month of June, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-
eight. His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China expresses his deep
regret at the misunderstanding so occasioned.
aji/sRl"^ Art. II.— It is further expressly declared, that the arrangement
proscntativc at entered into at Shanghai, in the month of October, one thousand eight
Peiving. hundred and fifty-eight, between Her Britannic Majesty's Ambassador
the Earl of Elgin and Kincardine, and His Imperial Majesty's Com-
missioners Kweiliang and Hwashana, regarding the residence of Her
Britannic Majesty's Representative in China, is hereby cancelled, and
that, in accordance with Art. III. of the Treaty of one thousand
eight hundred and fifty-eight. Her Britannic Majesty's Representative
will henceforward reside permanently or occasionally, at Peking, as
Her Britannic Majesty shall be pleased to decide.
Sepamte'Articie ^'^'^- HI-— I' ^^ agreed that the separate Article of the Treaty of
of 186S annulled. One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight is hereby annulled, and
afTir8.ooo!ooa 'hat in lieu of the amount of indemnity therein specified. His Imperial
Majesty the Emperor of China shall pay the sum of eight millions of
taels, in the following proportions or instalments, namely,— at Tientsin,
on or before the 30th day of November, the sum of five hundred
thousand taels; at Canton, on or before the first day of December,
one thousand eight hundred and sixty, three hundred and thirty three
thousand and thirty-three taels, less the sum which shall have been
advanced by the Canton authorities towards the completion of the
British Factory site of Shameen; and the remainder at the ports
open to foreign trade, in quarterly payments, which shall consist of
one-fifth of the gross revenue from Customs there collected; the
first of the said payments being due on the thirty-first day of
December, one thousand eight hundred and sixty, for the quarter
terminating on that day.
[ 9 ]
It is further agreed that these monies shall be paid into the hands
of an officer whom Her Britannic Majesty's Representative shall
specially appoint to receive thera, and that accuracy of the amounts
shall, before payment, be duly ascertained by British and Chinese
officers appointed to discharge this duty.
In order to prevent future discussion, it is moreover declared that indemmHcation
of the eight millions of taels herein guaranteed, two milUons will be munityfcSk
appropriated to the indemnification of the British Mercantile Com- ^^'|-^'JJ"'-<'°<')
munityat Canton, for losses sustained by them ; and the remaining six expenses
millions to the liquidation of war expenses. ^''''^' ^'<"'<'>'"'<')-
Art. IV. — It is agreed that on the day on which this Covention P^.S'^l" opened
is signed. His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China shall open the ° ™ ^'
port of Tientsin to trade, and that it shall be thereafter competent to
British subjectsto reside and trade there, under the same conditions
as at any other port of China by Treaty open to trade.
Art. V. — As soon as the ratifications of the Treaty of one Emigration of
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight shall have been exchanged, His cwnese declared
Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China, will, by decree, command the Regulations to
high authorities of every province to proclaim throughout their jurisdic-,'''' framed,
tions that Chinese, in choosing to take service in British Colonies or
other parts beyond sea, are at perfect liberty to enter into engagements
with British subjects for that purpose, and to ship themselves and their
families on board any British vessels at the open port of China : also
that the high authorities aforesaid shall, in concert with Her Britannic
Majesty's Representative in China, frame such regulations for the
protection of Chinese emigrating as above as the circumstances of the
different open ports may demand.
Art. VI. — With a view to the maintenance of law and order in cowioon (Kow-
and about the harbour of Horigkong, His Imperial Majesty the iTependency S
Emperor of China agrees to cede to Her Majesty the Queen of Great Hongkong.
Britain and Ireland, Her heirs and' successors, to have and to hold as
a dependency of Her Britannic Majesty's Colony of Hongkong, that
portion of the township of Cowioon, in the Province of Kwang-Tung,
of which a lease was granted in perpetuity to Harry Smith Parkes,
Esquire, Companion of the Bath, a Member of the Allied Commission
at Canton, on behalf of Her Britannic Majesty's Government, by Lau
Ts'ung-kwang, Governor-General of the Two Kwang.
It is further declared that the lease in question is hereby cancelled,
that the claims of any Chinese to property on the said, portion of
Cowioon shall be duly investigated by a mixed Commission of British
and Chinese officers, and that compensation shall be awarded by the
British Government to any Chinese whose claim shall be by that said
Commission established, should his removal be deemed necessary by
the British Government.
Art. VII, — It is agreed that the provisions of the Treaty of one Treaty otisss to
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, except in so far as these are out deiayj ™
modified by the present Convention, shall without delay come into
operation as soon as the ratifications of the Treaty aforesaid shall have OTesait'conven.
been exchanged. It is further agreed, that no separate ratification of tion unneces-
the present Convention shall be necessary, but that it shall take effect ^'"'^'
from the date of its signature, and be equally binding with the Treaty
above-mentioned on the high contracting parties.
Art. VIII. — It is agreed that, as soon as the ratifications of the cmvJntfon to be
Treaty of the year one thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight shall published
have been exchanged, His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China oSna!^™'
i 10 J
Chusan to be
evacuated;
shall by decree, command the high authorities in the capital, and in
the provinces, to print and publish the aforesaid Treaty and the present
Convention, for general information.
Art. IX. — It is agreed" that, as soon as the Convention shall have
been signed, the ratification of the Treaty of the year one thousand
eight hundred and fifty-eight shall have been exchanged, and an
Imperial Decree respecting the publication of the said Convention and
Treaty shall have been promulgated; as provided for by Article VIII.
of this Convention, Chusan shall be evacuated by Her Britannic
Majesty's troops there stationed, and Her Britannic Majesty's force
now before Peking shall commence its march towards the city of
Tientsin, the forts of Taku, the north- coast of Shantung, and city of
of'sh'antung'may Canton, at each or all of which places, it shall be at the option of Her
be held until ^ - - - - - - - -
payment of
Indemnity.
Tientsin, Taku
and norlih coast
until
shall
Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland to retain a force,
the indemnity of eight millions of taels, guaranteed in Article III
have been paid.
2'itii Oct., 1800. Done at Peking in the Court of the Board of Ceremonies, on the
twenty-fourth day of October, in the year of our Lord one thousand
eight hundred and sixty.
[L.S.] (Signed) ELGIN AND KINCARDINE.
Seal of
Chinese
t'leuipotentiary.
Seal of
Chinese
Plenipotentiary.
[ 11 1
TREATY OF PEACE, FRIENDSHIP, COMMERCE AND
NAVIGATION BETWEEN HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN
OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND AND THE
EMPEROR OF CHINA.
Signed, in the English and Chinese Languages, at Tientsin, 26th June,
1858.
Ratifications exchanged at Peking, 24th October, i860.
Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, and His Majesty the Emperor of China, being desirous to
put an end to the existing misunderstanding between the two countries,
and to place their relations on a more satisfactory footing in future,
have resolved to proceed to a revision and improvement of the Treaties
existing between them ; and, for that purpose, have named as their
Plenipotentiaries, that is to say : —
Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, the Right Piempotenu-
Honourable the Earl of Elgin and Kincardine, a Peer of the United Eari of Elgin
Kingdom, and Knight of the Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of K^uian'^lur'
the Thistle ; Hwasham.
And His Majesty the Emperor of China, the High Commissioners
Kweiliang, a Senior Chief Secretary of State, styled of the East
Cabinet, Captain-General of the Plain White Banner of the Manchu
Banner Force, Superintendent-General of the administration of
Criminal Law ; and Hwashana, one of His Imperial Majesty's Exposi-
tors of the Classics, Manchu President of the Office for the regulation
of the Civil Establishment, Captain-General of the Bordered Blue
Banner of the Chinese Banner Force, and Visitor of the Office of
Interpretation ;
Who, after having communicated to each other their respective
full powers, and found them to be in good and due form, have agreed
upon and concluded the following Articles : —
Art. I. — The Treaty of Peace and Amity between the two nations. Treaty of Nan-
signed at Nanking on the twenty-ninth day of August, in the year one bSfsappTemen-
thousand eight hundred and forty-two, is hereby renewed and confirmed. ^J^^^^^ ^"^
The Supplementary Treaty and General Regulations of Trade Trade abrogated.
having been amended and improved, and the substance of their pro-
visions having been incorporated in this Treaty, the said Supplement-
ary Treaty and General Regulations of Trade are hereby abrogated.
Art. II. — For the better preservation of harmony in future. Her Appointment of
Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and His Majesty the Emperor of sadOT?o^^ktog,
China mutually agree that, in accordance with the universal practice ^^d'or To g^^^'
of great and friendly nations, Her Majesty the Queen may, if She see James'.
fit, appoint Ambassadors, Ministers, or other Diplomatic Agents to
the Court of Peking; and His Majesty the Emperor of China may, in
like manner, if He see fit, appoint Ambassadors, Ministers, or other
Diplomatic Agents, to the Court of St. James'.
Art. III. — His Majesty the Emperor of China hereby agrees, that fa^or^f^™'"'^
the Ambassador, Minister, or other Diplomatic Agent, so appointed at Peidnl ac-' °
by Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, may reside, with his |^n^ante"ltc'.
family and establishment, permanently at the capital, or may visit it and shai'i be '
occasionally, at the option of the British Government. He shall not respect.™'*'*
[ 12 ]
be called upon to perform any ceremony derogatory to him as repre-
senting the Sovereign of an independent nation on a footing of
equality with that of China. On the other hand, he shall use the
same forms of ceremony and respect to His Majesty the Emperor as
are employed by the Ambassadors, Ministers, or Diplomatic Agents-
of Her Majesty towards the Sovereigns of independent and equal
European nations.
It is further agreed, that Her Majesty's Government may acquire
at Peking a site for building, or may hire houses for the accomiSno-
dation of Her Majesty's Mission, and that the Chinese Government
will assist it in so doing.
Her Majesty's Representative shall be at liberty to choose his
own servants and attendants, who shall not be subjected to any kind
of molestation whatever.
Any person guilty of disrespect or violence to Her Majesty's
Representative, or to any member of his family or establishment, in
deed or word, shall be severely punished.
Ho and his suite Art. IV. — It is further agreed, that no obstacle or difficulty shall
Umr pleasure, be made to the free movements of Her Majesty's Representative, and
shairbe°fre™aud ^^^^^ '^^' ^^'^ '^^ persons of his Suite, may come and go, and travel at
inviolable. their pleasure. He shall, moreover, have full liberty to send and
do^'b«me°by^'^ receive his correspondence to and from any point on the sea-coast that
^lish Govern- he may select ; and his letters and effects shall be held sacred and
' inviolable. He may employ, for their transmission, special couriers,
who shall meet with the same protection and facilities for travelling
as the persons employed in carrying despatches for the Imperial
Government ; and, generally, he shall enjoy the same privileges as are
accorded to officers of the same rank by the usage and consent of
Western nations.
All expenses attending the Diplomatic Mission of Great Britain
shall be borne by the Biitish Government.
act business on a Art. V. — His Majesty the Emperor of China agrees to nominate
ft°with°a s'c^' ^"^ °^ '''^ Secretaries of State, or a President of one of the Boards, as
of state, era 'the high officer with whom the Ambassador, Minister, or other
Board ap*po°int'ed Diplomatic Agent of Her Majesty the Queen shall transact business,
for the purpose, either personally or in writing, on a footing of perfect equality.
Chinese Ambas- Art. "VI. — Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain agrees that
ooms^ndTg ^^^ privileges hereby secured shall be enjoyed in her dominions by the
privileges in Ambassadors, Ministers, or Diplomatic Agents of the Emperor of
Great Bntani. ^^^^^^ accredited to the Court of Her Majesty.
British Consuls Art. VII. — Her Majesty the Queen may appoint one or more
aiiy'open port or Consuls in the dominions of the Emperor of China ; and such Consul
thJstmep'^iM- or Consuls shall be at liberty to reside in any of the open ports or
leges as Consuls cities of China, as Her Majesty the Queen may consider most expedient
fi[vm?rS°mition. for the interests of British commerce. They shall be treated with due
respect by the Chinese authorities, and enjoy the same privileges and
immunities as the Consular Officers of the most favoured nation.
Official Bank of Consuls and Vice-Consuls in charge shall rank with Intendants of
Circuits ; Vice-Consuls, Acting Vice-Consuls, and Interpreters, with
Prefects. They shall have access to the official residences of these
officers, and communicate with them, either personally or in writing,
on a footing of equality, as the interests of the public service may
require.
Teachers or pro- ^^"^^ VIII.— The Christian religion, as professed by Protestants
fessors of Chris- or Roman Catholics, inculcates the practice of virtue, and teaches man
proSd.^" to do as he would be done by. Persons teaching it or professing it
[ 13 ]
therefore, shall alike be entitled to the protection of the Chinese
authorities; nor shall any such, peaceably pursuing their calling, and not
offending against the laws, be persecuted or interfered with.
Art. IX.— British subjects are hereby authorized to travel, for British subjects
pleasure or for purposes of trade, to all parts of the interior, under ?"? 'F*'^' ''"'^
passports which will be issued by their Consuls, and countersigned by interiS with
the local authorities. These passports, if demanded, must be produced TeXys^rtw?,'
for, examination in the localities passed through. If the passport be i(""» f™" open
not irregular, the bearer will be allowed to proceed, and no opposition passport'"™'
shall be offered to his hiring persons or hiring vessels for the carriage
of his baggage or merchandise. If he be without a passport or if lie
commit any offence against the law, he shall be handed over to the
nearest Consul for punishment, hut he must not be subjected to any
ill-usage in excess of necessary restraint. No passport need be applied
for by persons going on excursions from the ports open to trade to a
distance not exceeding loo //, and for a period not exceeding five days.
The provisions of the Article do not apply to crews of ships, for
the due restraint of whom regulations will* be drawn up by the Consul
and the local authorities.
To Nanking, and other cities disturbed by persons in arms against
the Government, no pass shall be given until they shall have been
recaptured.
Art. X. — British merchant-ships shall have authority to trade British ships
upon the Great River (Yang-tsze). Tiie Upper and Lower Valley ofSaSfports
the river being, however, disturbed by outlaws, no port shall be, foronthoriver
the present, opened to trade, with the exception of Chinkiang, which '^'"'^^^''^■
shall be opened in a year from the date of the signing of this Treaty.
So soon as peace shall have been restored, British vessels shall
also be admitted to trade at such ports as far as Hankow, not exceeding
three in number, as the British Minister, after consultation with the
Chinese Secretary of State, may determine shall be ports of entry and
discharge.
Art. XI. — In addition to the cities and towns of Canton, Amoy, Fire additional
Foochow, Ningpo and Shanghai, opened by the Treaty of Nanking, it SdeSoe and
is agreed that British subjects may frequent the cities and ports of ''^^^ "".<^?f
Newchwang, Tang-chow (*), (Taiwan) Formosa, Chao-chow (Swatow), as"tthTportf
and Kiung-chow (Hainan). ' already open.
They are permitted to carry on trade with whomsoever they
please, and to proceed to and fro at pleasure with their vessels and
merchandise.
They shall enjoy the same privileges, advantages, and immunities
at the said towns and ports as they enjoy at the ports already opened
to trade, including the right of residence, of buying or renting houses,
of leasing land therein, and of building churches, hospitals, and
cemeteries.
Art. XII. — British subjects, whether at the ports or at other Land may be
places, desiring to build or open houses, warehouses, churches, any^pSllat
hospitals, or burial-grounds, shall make their agreement for the land pri^'ij^s '^'>t<'=
or buildings they require at the rates prevailing among the people, exaction.
equitably, and without exaction on either side.
Art. XIII. ^— The Chinese Government will place no restrictions No restrictions
whatever upon the employment, by British subjects, of Chinese subjects of cwnes^by"'
in any lawful capacity. British subjects
* Chefoo
[ 14 3
No monopolies Art. XIV. — British subjecls may hire whatever boats they please
as to^cargo'°a™d\ for the transport of goods or passengers, and the sum to be paid for
and c"'''r ''°^n ^^'^^ boats shall be settled between the parties themselves, without the
interference of the Chinese Government. The number of these boats
shall not be limited, nor shall a monopoly in respect either of the
boats, or of the porters or coolies engaged in carrying the goods, be
granted to any parties. If any smuggling talces place in them, the
offenders will, of course, be punished according to law.
British Author- Art. XV. — All questions in regard to rights, whether of property
cinestions'b'e'-'* o"" person, arising between British subjects, shall be subject to the
tvveen British jurisdiction of the British authorities.
" ^""^ ^' Art. XVI. (*) — Chinese subjects who may be guilty of any
nais'to^be'iraii- Criminal act towards British subjects shall be arrested and punished
ished by Chinese by the Chinese authorities, according to the laws of China.
tish'crimi'naifhi British subjects, who may commit any crime in China, shall be
China by British tried and punished by the Consul, or other public functionary authorized
thereto, according 'to the laws of Great Britain.
Justice shall be equitably and impartially administered on both
sides.
Mode of settiin" Art. XVII. — A British subject having reason to complain of a
disputes be- ° Chinese must proceed to the Consulate aud state his grievance. The
and Chinese Consul will inquire into the merits of the case, and do his utmost to
subjects. arrange it amicably. In like manner, if a Chinese have reason to
complain of a British subject, the Consul shall no less listen to his
complaint, and endeavour to settle it in a friendly manner. If disputes
take place of such a nature that the Consul cannot arrange them
amicably, then he shall request the assistance of the Chinese authorities
that they may together examine into the merits of the case, and decide
it equitably.
Chinese Author- Art. XVIII. — -The Chinese authorities shall at all times afford
tect pereora" the fullest protection to the persons and property of British subjects,
Britfih'sub-^ t' ^^henever these shall have been subjected to insult or violence. In all
from insult, cases of inccndiarism or robbery, the local authorities shall at once
tojulwraranrt '^^c the ncccssary steps for the recovery of the stolen property, the
suppression of disorder, and the arrest of the guilty parties, whom
they will punish according to law.
punish pirates Art. XIX.— If any British merchant-vessel, while within Chinese
attackmg J3ri- , ,-' ,, -. -ini
tish ships in waters, be plundered by robbers of pirates, it shall be the duty of the
Chmese waters. Chinese authorities to use every endeavour to capture and punish the
said robbers or pirates, and to recover the stolen property, that it may
be handed over to the Consul for restoration to the owner.
Chinese Author- Art. XX.^ — If any British vessel be at any time wrecked or
Britisifships'*™ stranded on the coast of China, or be compelled to take refuge in any
MTecked, or port within the dominions of the Emperor of China, the Chinese
OTCwfieso"^" authorities, on being apprised of the fact, shall immediately adopt
coast. measures for its relief and security; the persons on board shall receive
friendly treatment, and shall be furnished, if necessary, with the means
of conveyance to the nearest Consular station.
Chinese offend- Art. XXI. — If criminals, subjects of China, shall take refuge in
fnBritiSfhoS Hongkong, or on board the British ships there, they shall, upon due
or ships at requisition by the Chinese authorities, be searched for, and, on oroof
Hongkongorat c.i. ■ -li. u j i- j r'""'
the open lorts of their guilt, be delivered up.
toChin™e""^ In like manner, if Chinese offenders take refuge in the houses or
authorities. on board the vessels of British subjects at the open ports, they shall
* See Agreement of Cbefoo, 11, Art. ii.
[ 15 ]
not be harboured or concealed, but shall be delivered up, on due
requisition by the Chinese authorities, addressed to the British Consul.
Akt. XXII. — Should any Chinese subject fail to discharge debts Absconciinfi
incurred to a British subject, or should he fraudulently abscond, the brought to "
Chinese authorities will do their utmost to effect his arrest, and enforce J '^''™-
recovery of the debts. The British authorities will likewise do their
utmost to bring to justice any British subject fraudulently absconding
or failing to discharge debts incurred by him to a Chinese subject.
Art. XXIII. — Should natives of China who may repair to chhipse debtors
Hongkong to trade, incur debts there, the recovery of such debts 110^™!'™™'"
must be arranged for by the English Courts of Justice on . the spot ; haviiig property
but should the Chinese debtor abscond, and be known to have property, brougM to° ^
real or personal, within the Chinese territory, it shall be the duty of J"''*''^''-
the Chinese authorities, on application by, and in concert with, the
British Consul, to do their utmost to see justice done between the
parties.
Art. XXIV. — It is agreed that British subjects shall pay, on all British subjects
merchandise imported or exported by them, the duties prescribed by preSbed by
the tariff; but in no case shall they be called upon to pay other or ^™^'^Jj|Jt ™™
1 higher duties than are required of the subjects of any other foreign jscts of other
; I.' _ nations.
i nation.
Art. XXVt — Import duties shall be considered payable on the import and Ex-
landing of the goods, and duties of export on the shipment of the when^ayaWe.
same.
Art. XXVI. — Whereas the tariff fixed by Article X of the Treaty Revised Tariff to
of Nanking, and which was estimated so as to impose on imports and BriashandW
exports a duty at about the rate of five per cent, ad valorem, has been nose officers to
found, by reason of the fall in value of various articles of merchandise, tion m"ratmca?'
therein enumerated, to impose a duty upon these, considerably in Hon of Treaty.
excess of the rate originally assumed, as above, to be a fair rate, it is
agreed that the said tariff shall be revised, and that as soon as the
Treaty shall have been signed, application shall be made to the
Emperor of China to depute a high officer of the Board of Revenue to
meet, at Shanghai, officers to be deputed on behalf of the British
Government, to consider its revision together, so that the tariff, as
revised, may come into operation immediately after the ratification of
this Treaty.
Art. XXVII. — It is agreed that either of the High Contracting Tariff and com-
Parties to this Treaty may demand a further revision of the Tariff, and Sttis Tre'^ty*'
of the Commercial Articles of this Treaty, at the end of ten years ; may be revised
but if no demand be made on either side within six months after the "^"^ ™ ^''"^'
end of the first ten years, then the tariff shall remain in force for ten
f years more, reckoned from the end of the preceding ten years; and so
I it shall be, at the end of each successive ten years.
Art. XXVIII.— Whereas it was agfeed in Article X of the Treaty ^STranslt
I of Nanking, that British import s, having paid the tariff duties, should Duties to be
be conveyed into flie Tnfenor free of all further charges, except a "pen port '""
transit duty, the amount whereof was not to exceed a certain per- ^™;f ' °^'^^f^
centage on tariff value; and whereas no accurate information having
been furnished of the amount of such duty, British merchants have
constantly complained that charges are suddenly and arbitrarily
imposed by the provincial authorities as transit duties upon produce
on its way to the foreign market, and on imports on their way into
the interior, to the detriment of trade; it is agreed that within four
months from the signing of this Treaty, at all ports now open to
British trade, and within a similar period at all ports that may
f
[ 16 1
hereafter be "opened, the authority appointed to superintend the collection
of duties shall be obliged, upon application of the Consul, to declare
the amount of duties leviable on produce between the place of produc-
tion and the port of shipment, and upon imports between the Consular
port in question and the inland markets named by the Consul ; and
that a notification thereof shall be published in English and Chinese
for general information.
But it shall be at the option of any Br itish^ subigct, desiring to
convey produce purchased inland to a port, or to convey imports from
Commutation a port to an inland market, to clear his goods of all transit duties, by
tor Transit payment of a single charge. The amount of this charge shall be
leviable on exports at the first barrier they may have to pass, or, on
imports, at the port at which they are landed ; and on payment thereof,
a certificate shall be issued, which shall exempt the goods from all
furthe r inland charges whatsoevp '"| (*}
" It is further agreed that the amount of this charge shall be
calculated, as nearly as possible, at the rate of two and a-half per cent.
ad valorem, and that it shall be fixed for each article at the Conference
to be held at Shanghai for the revision of the Tariff.
It is distinctly understood that the payment of transit dues, by
commutation or otherwise, shall in no way affect the tariff duties on
imports or exports, whicl) will continue to be levied separately and in
full.
Hate of Tonnage ART. XXIX. — British merchant-vessels, of more than one hundred
Dues. and fifty tons burden, shall be charged tonnage dues at the rate of
four mace per ton; if of one hundred and fifty tons and under, they
shall be charged at the rate of one mace per ton.
Certificate of ^^^ vessels clearing from any of the open ports of China for any
exemption. Other of the Open ports, Or for Hongkong, shall be entitled, on appli-
cation of the master, to a special certificate from the Customs, on
exhibition of which she shall be exempted from all further payment of
tonnage dues in any open port of China, for a period of four months,
to be reckoned from the date of her port-clearance.
Tonnage Dues Art. XXX. — The master of any British merchant-vessel may,
payable by ships within forty-eight hours after the arrivnl c.f his vessel, but not later,
**''°"^'"^°'^'' decide to depart without breaking bulk, in which case he will not be
subject to pay tonnage dues. But tonnage dues shall be held due
.^ ^ after the expiration of the said forty-eight hours. No other fees or
charges upon entry or departure shall be levied.
_ . . Art. XXXI. — No tonnage dues shall be payable on boats em-
Boats conveying , J , T3 ■,■■,,.,■ ° ,, ^r' I
passengers or ployed by British subjects in the conveyance of passengers, baggage,
nSt^ubjIct to'*'' letters, articles of provision, or other articles not subject to duty.
Tonnage Dues, between any of the Open ports. All cargo boats, however, conveying
pS-^Tonnage merchandise subject to duty shall pay tonnage dues once in four
^™^- months at the rate of one mace per register ton.
Art. XXXII.— The Consuls and Superintendents of Customs
vesseisfeto! shall consult together regarding the erection of beacons of lighthouses
and the distribution of buoys and lightships, as occasion may demand.
Art. XXXIII. — Duties shall be paid to the bankers authorized
to^GOTemment' by the Chinese Government to receive the same in its behalf, either in
Bankers. sycee Or in foreign money, according to the assay made at Canton on
the thirteenth of July, one thousand eight hundred and forty-three.
* See Xaiiiff Rules, Art. VII; and Agreement of Chefoo, III, Art. jv.
[ 17 ]
Art. XXXIV. — Sets of standard weights and measures, prepared superintendent
according to the standard issued to the Canton Custom-house by the deUveXcm"
Board of Revenue, shall be delivered by the Superintendent of Customs ™ef Sfand'*'' °'
to the Consul at each port, to secure uniformity and prevent confusion, measure.
Art. XXXV. — Any British merchant-vessel arriving at one of British mer-
the open ports shall be at liberty to engage the services of a pilot to eSgage'pii'ot."''^
take her into port. In like manner, after she has discharged all legal
dues and duties, and is ready to take her departure, she shall be allowed
to select a pilot to conduct her out of port.
Art. XXXVI. — Whenever a British merchant-vessel shall arrive ^q"^^^^?' """j^™
off one of the open ports, the Superintendent of Customs shall depute arifvtagoffa'^
one or more Customs' officers to guard the ship. They shall either ll^^° ''''^•
live in a boat of their own or stay on board the ship, as may best suit
their convenience. Their food and expenses shall be supplied them
from the Custom-house, and they shall not be entitled to any fees
whatever from the master or consignee. Should they violate this ^
regulation, they shall be punished proportionately to the amount
exacted.
Art. XXXVII. — Within twenty-four hours after arrival, the ^"hin 24 hours
ship's papers, bills of lading, etc., shall be lodged in the hands of the theSHp'spapeS
Consul, who will, within a further period of twenty-four hours, report oonsu?'^fo'th''t''
to the Superintendent of Customs the name of the ship, her register he may report
tonnage, and the nature of her cargo. If, owing to neglect on the eSt^pFcustomt
part of the master, the above rule is not corapHed with, within forty- —^'°e for delay,
eight hours after the ship's arrival, he shall be liable to a fine of fifty
taels for every day's delay; the total amount of penalty, however,
shall not exceed two hundred taels.
The master will be responsible for the correctness of the manifest, — False Mam-
which shall contain a full and true account of the particulars of the '"'^-p*'™"''-
cargo on board. For presenting a false manifest, he will subject
himself to a fine of five hundred taels ; but he will be allowed to
correct, within twenty-four hours after delivery of it to the Customs'
officers, any mistake he may discover in his manifest, without incurring
this penalty.
Art. XXXVIII. — After receiving from the Consul the report in Permit to open
due form, the Superintendent of Customs shall grant the vessel a peSity for
permit to open hatches. If the master shall open hatches and begin discharging
to discharge any goods without such permission, he shall be fined ^" "" ^^™' '
five hundred taels, and the goods discharged shall be confiscated wholly.
Art. XXXIX. — Any British merchant who has cargo to land or special permits,
ship, must apply to the Superintendent of Customs for a special MfyViipped or
permit. Cargo landed, or shipped, without such permit will be liable landed win be
to confiscation.
)Art. XL. — No transhipment from one vessel to another can be Goods transMp-
made without special permission, under pain of confiscation of the special permit
goods so transhipped. ■ ^^^ "o""*^-
Art. XLI. — When all dues and duties shall have been paid, the when dues are
Superintendent of Customs shall give a pojt-clearance,and the Consul pJ'"^ Portciear-
shall then return the ship's papers, so that she may depart on her given.
voyage.
Art. XLII. — With respect to articles subject, according to the ^ode of axing
Tariff, to an ad valorem duty, if the British merchant cannot agree Jubject to°an^ns
with the Chinese officer in affixing a value, then each party shall call ""'orm duty.
two or three merchants to look at the goods, and the highest price at
which any of these merchants would be willing to purchase them
shall be assumed as the value of the goods,
[ 18 ]
"fwefghfo?"" Art. XLIII.— Duties shall be charged upon the net weight of
goods. Mode of each article, making a deduction for the tnre, weight of congee, etc.
settling tare.
Mode of adjust-
ing difficulties
between Cus-
toms' ofBcers
and Merchants,
Amount of re-
duction of duty
on damaged
goods, how
settled.
Duty paid
Imports re-
To fix the tare on any article, such as tea, if the Biitish merchant
cannot agree with the Custom-house officer, then each party shall
choose so many chests out of every hundred, which being first weighed
in gross, shall afterwards be tared, and the average tare upon these
chests shall be assumed as the tare upon the whole ; and upon this
principle shall the tare be fixed upon all other goods and packages.
If there should be any other points in dispute which cannot be settled,
the British merchant may appeal to his Consul, who will communicate
the particulars of the case to the Superintendent of Customs, that it
may be equitably arranged. But the appeal must be made within
twenty-four hours or it will not be attended to. While such points
are still unsettled, the Superintendent of Customs shall postpone the
insertion of the same in his books.
Art. XLIV. — Upon all damaged goods a fair reduction of duty
shall be allowed, proportionate to their deterioration. If any disputes
arise, they shall be settled in the manner pointed out in the clause of
this Treaty having reference to articles which pay duty ad valorem.
_ Art. XLV. — British merchants who may have imported mer-
expOTteVmay be chandise into any of the open ports, and paid the duty thereon, if they
another'^chinese desire to re-export the same, shall be entitled to make application to
port without the Superintendent of Customs, who, in order to prevent fraud on the
duty"fif"they revenue, shall cause examination to be made by suitable officers, to see
toYforeign port ^'^'^ ''^^ duties paid on such goods, as entered in the Custom-house
a drawback oer- books, correspond with the representation made, and that the goods
remain with their original marks unchanged. He shall then make a
memorandum on the port-clearance, of the goods and of the amount
of duties paid, and deliver the same to the merchant; and shall also
certify the facts to the officers of Customs of the other ports. All
which being done, on the arrival in port of the vessel in which the
goods are laden, everything being found on examination there to
correspond, she shall be_ permitted to break bulk, and land the said
goods, without being subject to the payment of any additional duty
thereon. But if, on such examination, the Superintendent of Customs
shall detect any fraud on the revenue in the case, then the goods shall
be subject to confiscation by the Chinese Government.
British merchants desiring to re-export duty-paid imports to a
foreign country, shall be entitled, on complying with the same con-
ditions as. in the case of re-exportation to another port in China, to a
drawback-certificate, which shall be a valid tender to the Customs in
payment of import or export duties. (*)
Foreign grain brought into any port of China in a British ship,
if no part thereof lias been landed, may be re-exported without
hindrance.
Art. XLVI. — The Chinese authorities at each port shall adopt
tiflcate will be
granted.
Foreign grain
brought into
port, but not
landed, may be
re-exported.
Chinese author-
ities may adopt the means they may judge most proper to prevent the revenue suffering
tCjSS"" from fraud or smuggling.
TOnrsmuSng ^^"^^ XLVII.— British merchant-vessels are not entitled to resort
Ships trading '° ^'^^'^ ^^'^ *^^ PO"^'^ °f \xa.d.& declared open by this Treaty. They
elsewhere than are not unlawfully to enter other ports in China, or to carry on
ports! Set clandestine trade along the coasts thereof. Any vessel violating this
with^their cargo provision, shall, with her cargo, be subject to confiscation by the
Chinese Government.
See Agreement of Chefos, III., Art. v.
[ 19 ]
Art. XLVIII. — If any British merchant-vessel be concerned in ships concerned
, . , , , ' , . , , , , , , . in smuggling
smuggling, the goods, whatever their value or nature, shall be subject goods, maybe
to confiscation by the Chinese authorities, and the ship may be pro- ira°ding'ai"'ti"
hibited from trading farther, and sent away as soon as her accounts goods conns-
shall have been adjusted and paid. " "'^ '
Art. XLIX. — All penalties enforced, or confiscations made, under Mdcontecationa
this Treaty, shall belonc; and be appropriated to the public service of to be appropri-
the Government of China^ Govemmont.
Art. L. — All official communications addressed by the Diplomatic official corres-
, , A r TT -n«- . 1 ^ 1 /-^i ■ pondencetobe
and Consular Agents of Her Majesty the Queen to the Chinese in English with
authorities, shall, henceforth, be written in English. They will for The"fng™sif°"'
the present be accompanied by a Ciiinese version, but it is understood text to be held
that, in the event of there being any difference of meaning between applies to' pre-
the English and Chinese text, the English Government will hold the s™* ^''^^'y-
sense as expressed in the English text to be the correct sense. This
provision is to apply to the Treaty now negotiated, the Chinese text
of which has been carefully corrected by the English original.
Art. LL— It is agreed, that henceforward the character ^ " -^ " ?otor° " r' (Bar'
(Barbarian) shall not be applied to the Government or subjects of Her barian) to be
Britannic Majesty, in any Chinese official document issued by the ^^continued. .
Chinese authorities either in the capital or in the provinces.
Art. Lir. — British ships of war coming for no hostile purpose, J^J^j'^^y';,^?^^!!
or being engaged in the pursuit of pirates, shall be at liberty to visit ports in china,
all ports within the dominions of the Emperor of China, and shall itJl'^Sentting,"
receive every facility for the purchase of provisions, procuring water, etc.
and, if occasion require, for the making of repairs. The Commanders
of such ships shall hold intercourse with the Chinese authorities on
terras of equality and courtesy.
Art. LIII. — In consideration of the injury sustained by native ^^^„e™4 f°i?"'
and foreign commerce from the prevalence of piracy in the seas of suppression of
China, the High Contracting Parties agree to concert measures for its p"'"'^''-
suppression.
Art. LIV.— The British Government and its subjects are hereby gj^™riw" °'^
confirmed in all privileges, immunities, and advantages conferred on leges and trpai-
^ P ' . . . , , ' 1 i. 1 1. J *i «. ment as most
them by previous Treaties; and it is hereby expressly stipulated, that favoured nation,
the British Government and its subjects will be allowed free and equal
participation in all privileges, immunities, and advantages that may
have been, or may be hereafter, granted by His Majesty the Emperor
of China to the Government or subjects of any other nation.
Art. LV.— In evidence of Her desire for the continuance of a i;j^|^™;ty„f°'^
friendly understanding, Her Majesty the Queen pf Great Britain losses at canton
consents to include in a Separate Article, which shall be in every
respect of equal validity with the Articles of this Treaty, the conditions
affecting indemnity for expenses incurred and losses sustained in the
matter of the Canton question.
Art. LVL— The ratifications of this Treaty, under the hand of ^'^f ^^'l^ "f
Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, and His Majesty
the Emperor of China, respectively, shall be exchanged at Peking,
within a year from this day of signature.
In token whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed
and sealed this Treaty.
B 1
[ 20 1
June 26th, 1868. Donc at Tientsin, this twenty-sixth day of June, in the year of
our Lord one thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, corresponding
with the Chinese date the sixteenth day, fifth moon, of the eighth
year of Hien Fung.
[L.S] (Signed) ELGIN AND KINCARDINE.
[L.S.]
Signature
of First Chinese
Plenipotentiary.
[L.S.]
Signature
of Second Chinese
Plenipotentiary.
SEPARATE ARTICLE ANNEXED TO THE TREATY CON.
CLUDED BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN AND CHINA, ON
THE TWENTY-SIXTH DAY OF JUNE, IN THE YEAR
ONE THOUSAND EIGHT HUNDRED AND FIFTY-EIGHT.
Tlie authoiities
in Kw.ingtiing
■.liall pay the
British Rfipre-
sentative two
million Taels for
losses at Canton,
and two million
Tartls for British
Military expen-
ditnre — on these
amounts the
British forces
will be with-
drawn from
Canton.
It is hereby agreed that a sum of two millions of taels, on account
of ilie losses sustained by British subjects thiougli the misconduct of
the Chinese authorities at Canton; and a further sum of two millions
of taels on account of the military expenses of the expedition which
Her Majesty the Queen has been compelled to send out for the purpose
of obtaining redress, and of enforcing the due observance of Treaty
provisions, shall be paid to Her Majesty's Representative in China by
the authorities of the Kwang Tung province.
The necessary arrangements with respect to the time and mode
of effecting these payments shall be determined by Her Majesty's
Representative, in conceit with the Chinese authoiities of Kwang
Tung.
When the.above amounts shall have been discharged in full, the
British forces will be withdrawn from the city of Canton.
Done at Tientsin, this twenty-sixth day of June, in the year of
our Lord one thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, corresponding
with the Chinese date, the sixteenth day, fifth moon, of the eighth year
of Hieii Fung.
[L.S.] (Signed) ELGIN AND KINCARDINE.
[LS.]
Signature
of Fii st Chinese
Plenipotentiary.
[L,S.]
Signature
of Second Chinese
Plenipotentiary.
t 21 ]
AGREEMENT
In pursuance of Articles 26 and 28 of the Treaty of Tientsin.
Signed at Shanghai, 8th November, i8s8.
Whereas it was provided, by the Treaty of Tientsin, that a Conference Agroemeiit.
should be held at Shanghai between Ofificers deputed by the British
Government on the one part, and by the Chinese Government on the
other part, for the purpose of determining the amount of tariff-duties
and transit dues to be henceforth levied, a Conference has been held
accordingly ; and its proceedings having been submitted to the Right
Honourable the Earl of Elgin and Kincardine, High Commissioner and*
Plenipotentiary of Her Majesty the Queen, on the one part ; and to
Kvveiliang, Hwashana, Ho Kwei-tsing, Ming-shen, and Twan Ching-
shih, High Commissioners and Plenipotentiaries of His Imperial
Majesty the Emperor, on the other part, these High Ofificers have agreed
and determined upon the revised Tariff hereto appended, the rate of
transit dues therewith declared, together with other Rules and Regu-
lations for the better explanation of the Treaty aforesaid ; and do
hereby agree that the said Tariff and Rules — the latter being in ten
Articles thereto appended — shall be equally binding on the Govern-
ments and subjects of both countries with the Treaty itself.
In Witness whereof, they hereto affix their Seals and Signatures.
Done at Shanghai, in the Province of Kfengsu, this eighth day
of November in the year of our Lord eighteen hundred and fifty-
eight being the third day of the tenth moon of the eighth year of
the reign of Hien Fung.
■ [L.S.] (Signed) ELGIN AND KINCARDINE.
Seal of the
Chinese
Plenipotentiaries.
Signatures of the
Five Chinese
Plenipotentiaries.
TARIFF OF DUTIES ON THE BRITISH TRADE WITH CHINA.
1.— TARIFF ON IMPORTS.
Agar-agar : pef too catties
Asafcfitida " "
Beeswax, Yellow >> >>
Betel-nut " "
,, Husk >' "
Biche-de-mer, Black *' >>
,, White ' "
Birds' nests, 1st quality , catty
2d V -J " "
„ 3d ,, or uncleaned >> >>
T.
m.
t.
c*
I
■S
6
s
t
I
s
7
.■>
I
S
.•?
.s
■S
.5
0.
4
S
I
s
[ 22 ]
T. m.
Buttons, Brass , per gross
Camphor, Baroos, clean , catty
.. „ refuse „ „
Canvas and Cotton Duck, not exceeding 50yds. long „ piece
Cardamoms, Superior , ,, 100 catties
,, Inferior, or Grains of Paradise , ,,
Cinnamon „ ,, ,,
Clocks 5 per cent
Cloves 1 per 100 catties
,, Mother ■■■■■,, ,,
Coal, Foreign , ton
Cochineal ,, 100 catties
Coral J.. ,, catty
Cordage, Maiiila ,, 100 catties
CorneEans , , 100 stones
„ Beads ,, 100 catties
Cotton, Ra\j ••■•>, ..
Cotton Piece Goods — Grey, White, Plain, and Twilled exceeding
34in. wide, and not exceeding 40yds. long „ piece
„ ,, ,, exceeding 34in. wide, and not exceeding 40yds.
• long ,, every loyds.
,, ,, ,, Drills and Jeans, not exceeding 3oin. wide,
and not exceeding 40yds. long ,, piece
,, ,, ., not exceeding 3oin. wide, and not exceeding
30yds. long „ „
,, ,, ,, Z'-Cloths, not exceeding 34in. wide, and not
exceeding 48yds. long ,, ,,
„ ,, I, not exceeding 34in. wide, and not exceeding
24yds. long „ ,,
„ Dyed, Figured and Plain, not exceeding 36in. wide, and not
exceeding 40yds long ,, ,,
,, Fancy, White Brocades and White Spotted Shirting, not
exceeding 36in. wide and not exceeding 40yds. long ,, ,,
,, Printed, Chintzes and Furnitures, not exceeding 3lin. wide,
and not exceeding 30yds. long ,, ,,
,, Cambrics, not exceeding 46in. wide, and not exceeding
24yds. long , „
,, „ not exceeding 46in. wide, and not exceeding
I2yds. long „ . „
„ Muslins, not exceeding 46in. wide, and not exceeding
24yds. long , „
,, ,, not exceeding 46in. wide, and not exceeding
12yds. long ,, ,.
„ Damasks, not exceeding 36in. wide, and not exceeding
40dys. long „ ,,
,, Dimities, or Quiltings, not exceeding 4oin. wide, and not
exceeding I2yds. long ,, ,,
Cotton Ginghams, not exceeding 28in. wide, and not exceeding
30yds. long „ „
,, Handkerchiefs, not exceeding lyd. square , dozen
,, Fustians, not exceeding 35yds. long ,, piece
„ Velveteens, not exceeding 34yds. long ,, ,,
„ Thread „ 100 catties
>, Yarn „
Cow Bezoar, Indian ,, catty
Cutch 100 catties
Elephants' Teeth, Whole „ „
,, „ Broken , ,,
Feathers, Kingfisher's, Peacock's „ hundred
Fish-maws „ 100 catties
Fish-skins ,.,.. „ ,,
Flints „ „
Gambler „ ,,
Gamboge „ „
Ginseng, American; Crude ,, ,,
>> ), Clarified ,, ,,
Glass, Window boxofioosq.
Glue 100 catties
S
S
I
,3
7
2
4
I
S
I
S
ad valorem
S
I
8
■5
S
I
3
5
3
7
3
S
8
2
I
7
5
8
4
I
S
I
0070
0070
0035
0075
0035
6 S
3
a
2
s
2
I
5
u
7
2
7
I
S
1
S
4
3
4
I
2
3
I
-S
I
6
8
.0
I
5
I
S
[ 23 ]
Gold Thread, Real per catty
,, ,, Imitation , ^^ ,,
Gum Benjamin ,, lOO catties
>> >, Oil of jj
,, Dragon's Blood „
„ Myrrh .• '..'.'........ „
, , Olibanum ^ ^
Hides, Buffalo and Cow j,
,, Rhinoceros ^
Horns, Buffalo .*........
,, Deer
,, Rhinoceros „
Indigo, Liquid ,,
Isinglass
Lacquered Ware
Leather ^^ ^,
Linen, fine, as Irish or Scotch, not exceeding Jo-yds. long ,, piece
„ coarse, as Linen and Cotton, or Silk and Linen mixtures not
exceeding 50-yds. long ,, ,,
Lucraban Seeds ,, 100 catties
Mace „
Mangrove Bark ,
Metals — Copper, manufactured, as in Sheets, Rods Nails ,,
,, ,, unmanufactured, as in Slabs ,,
I, „ Yellow Metal, Sheating, and Nails ,,
ji It Japan ,,
,, Iron, manufactured, as in Sheets, Rods, Bars, Hoops ,,
,, ,, unmanufactured, as in Pigs ,,
,, ,, Kentledge ,,
>> >> Wire ,,
,, Lead, in Pigs , ,,
,, ,, in Sheets ,,
,, Quicksilver ,,
Metals — Spelter, (saleable only under Regulation appended) ,,
II Steel ,,
„ Tin ,,
II Tin Plates ,,
Mother-o'Pearl Shell „
Musical Boxes 5 per cent.
Mussels, Dried per 100 catties
Nutmegs
Olives, Unpicked, Salted, or Pickled ,,"
Opium ,,
Pepper, Black ,,
I, White „
Prawns, Dried _ „
Putchuck ,,
Rattans _ „
Rose Maloes ,,
Salt Fish „
Salpetre (saleable only under Regulation appended) , ,
Sandalwood ,,
Sapanwood ,,
Seahorse Teeth ,,
Sharks' Fins, Black ,,
„ „ White „
,, Skins '. ,,
Silver Thread, Real, ,, catty
,, ,, Imitation ,, n
Sinews, Buffalo and Deer „ 100 catties
Skins, Fox, large each
,, ,1 small ,,
,, Marten „
,, Sea Otter ,,
„ Tiger and Leopard ,,
,, Beaver « per hundred
,, Doe, Hare and Rabbit ,1 1,
„ Squirrel t ,, ,,
T. m.
6
o
6
6
4
4
4
5
4
2
2
o
o
3
o
o
5
5
5
o
2
5
5
o
8
S
o
2
o
o
3
o
3
o
o
o
o
2
7
I
S
5
S
o
S
5
5
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
s
o
o
o
o
o
o
s
5 ■
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
ad valorer/i
0200
[ 24 ]
T. m. c.
Skins, Land Otter per hundred 2
„ Raccoon d » ^
Smalts : , 100 catties i
Snuff, Foreign >> )> 7
Sticklac )) °
Stockfish „ °
Sulpliur and Brimstone (saleable only under Regulation appended) ,, ,, o
Telescopes, Spy and Opera Glasses, Looking Glasses and Mirrors 5 per cent ad valorem
Tigers' Bones per 100 catties i S 5 °
Timber— Masts and Spars, Hard- wood, not exceeding 40ft each 4 o
, - . .. 6°ft ,^ °
„ ,, „ ,, exceeding 60ft , 10 o
„ „ ,, Soft-wood, not exceeding 40ft ,, 20
.. ,. " ^°? " 4 5
,, ,, ,, ,, exceeding eoft ,, 05
,, Beams, Hard- wood, not exceeding 26ft. long, and under I2in.
square >> '-' '
„ Planks, Hard- wood, not exceeding 24ft. long, I2in. wide, and
3in. thick hundred 3 5
,, Planks, Hard-wood, not exceeding i6ft. long, I2in. wide, and
3in. thick > >> 2
Planks, Soft-wood i.ooosq. ft. o
o
o
o
o
o
o
I
4
o
o
o
2
o
o
o
o
o
Tinder
Teak ,, cubic foot
, , 1 00 catties
Tortoise Shell .> catty
,, ,, broken... ,, ,,
Umbrellas each
Velvets, not exceeding 34yds. long per piece
Watches* .. pair
,, ^maill^es Ji perles* ,, ,,
Wax, Japan » 100 catties
Wood, Camagon : ,> >,
,, Ebony >, >>
,, Garroo » >>
,, Fragrant „ ,>
,, Kranjee, 3Sft. long, ift. Sin. wide, and ift. thick each
,, Laka per 100 catties
,, Red J, ^j,
Woollen Manufactures, viz: Blankets > pair
,, Broadcloth and Spanish Stripes, Habit and Medium Cloth,
5iin. @ 64in. wide „ chang
„ Long Ells 3 lin. wide ,, ,,
„ Camlets, English, 3iin. wide ,, ,,
„ ,, Dutch, 33in. wide ,,
,, ,, Imitation and Bombazettes ,, ,,
,, Cassimeres, Flannel and Narrow Cloth ,, ,,
,, Lastings, siin. wide ,, ,,
Woollen Lastings, Imitation and Orleans, 34in. wide ,, ,,
,, Bunting, not exceeding 24in. wide 40yds. long , piece
,, and Cotton Mixtures, viz : Lustres, Plain and Brocaded, not
exceeding 31yds. long ,, ,,
,, Inferior Spanish Stripes ,, chang
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
7
o
3
2
o
o
I
o
S
6 '
o
I
o
4
8
I
I
2
I
o
o
I
o
o
o
o
2
O
o
3
5
5
7
3
8
o
o
5
3
S
o
S
o
4
I
o
2
4
s
o
3
4
S
3
o
o
o
Yarn
100 catties 300
o
o
S
o
o
2
s
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
s
5
o
o
5
o
o
S
o
o
S
o
o
o
o
IL— TARIFF ON EXPORTS.
Alum per 100 catties
„ Green, or Copperas ,,
Aniseed, Star ,,
„ Broken ,,
„ Oil „
Apricot Seeds, or Almonds ,
Arsenic ,
T.
m.
c.
e.
4
S
I
.S
2
S
.S
4
.■)
4
s
By agreement, 1869, dutj on Watches altered to 5 per cent, ad valorem.
[ 25 ]
T. m. c. c.
Artificial Flowers per lOo catties
Bamboo Ware ^
llnngles, or. Glass Armlets „ "
iieans and Peas (except from Newchwang and Tangchow)* „ „
Bean Cake (except from Newchwang and Tangchow)* , , ,
Bone and Horn Ware ,, „
Brass Buttons ",
., Foil „ ;;
>' Ware ,
)> Wire „ „
Camphor „ „
Canes , thousand
Cantharides , loo catties
Capoor Cutchery , ,,
Carpets and Druggets , hundred
Cassia Lignea , loo catties
.. Buds r. , „
" Twigs „
^.. Oil „ „
Castor Oil „ „ „
Chestnuts „ „ „
China Root .„ „ „
Chinaware, Fine „ _ „ ,,
„ Coarse ,. „ „
Cinnabar ....„ _ „ „
Clothing, Cotton _ „ „
»» oilk ^, ,j J,
Coal _ ;.„ „ „
Coir , „ „
Copper, Ore _ ^ „ „ ,,
„ Sheathing Old _ _ ,, ,,
„ and Pewter Ware „ „ ,,
Corals, False ^ „._..,.„ „ ,,
Cotton, Raw .i. ,, ,,
I. Rags „ „
Cow Bezoar ,, catty
Crackers, Fireworks „ loo catties
Cubebs , ,,
Curiosities, Antiques S per cent.
Dates, Black , per loo catties
>. Red „ „
Dye, Green , catty
Eggs, Preserved ,, thousand
Fans, Feather ,, hundred
.. Paper „ „
,, Palm Leaf, trimmed „ thousand
,, „ ,, untrimmed ,, ,,
Felt Cuttings „ ,, loo catties
,, Caps „ hundred
Fungus, or Agaric ,, loo catties
Galangal , ,,
Garlic „ , ,,
Ginseng, Native ..■ 5 per cent.
,, Corean or Japan, 1st quality ^ per catty
sj j» ») 2na ,, J, ,,
Glass Beads , loo catties
,, or Vitrified Ware , ,,
Grasscloth, Fine , ,,
) ) i-/03i^SC • iii>i*i<ttBi<ti>it>a<i>iit«titii>i>itii>>ii«-ii>>it>><i>>>*a J) jj
Ground-nuts , „
,, Cake , „
Gypsum, Ground,- or Plaster of Paris „ ,,
Hair Camel's ,, „
,, Goat's ,, ,,
Hams , ,,
Hartall, or Orpiment , ,,
Hemp „ „
ad valorem
ad ■valoyem
* This Exception abrogated by Agreement, March, 1862.
T. m. c. c.
Honey per loo catties o
Horns, Deer's, Young „ pair o
,, „ Old ,, loo catties i
India Ink ,, ,, 4
Indigo, Dry ,, ,, i
Ivory-Ware ,, catty o
Joss-sticks loo catties o
Kittysols, or Paper Umbrellas hundred o
Lacquered Ware ,, loo catties i
Lamp-wicks ,, ,, o
LeSid, Reil (Minium) ,, o
,, Vfhile (Ceruse J ,, ,, o
„ YeWovi (Massicot) „ ,, o
Leather Articles, as Pouches, Purses ,, ,, i
„ Green .^ ,, ,, i
Lichees ,, ,, o
Lily Flowers, Dried ... ,, ,, o
,, Seeds or Lotus Nuts ,, ,, o
Liquorice ,, ,, o
Lung-ngan ,, ,, o
,, without the Stone „ „ o
Manure Cakes, or Poudretle ,, ,, o
Marble Slabs , ,, o
Mats of all kinds ,, hunderd o
Malting ,, rollof4oyds.
Melon Seeds „ roo catties
Mother-o'Pearl Ware ,, catty
Mushrooms ,, loo catties
Musk ,, catty
Nankeen and Native Cotton Cloths ,, loo catties
Nutgalls , ,,
Oil, as Bean, Tea, Wood, Cotton and Hemp Seed ,, ,,
Oiled, Paper ,,
Olive Seed ,, ,,
Oyster-shell, Sea-shells ,, ,,
Paint, Green ,, ,,
P'atampore, or Cotton Bedquilts ,, hundred
Paper, 1st quality ,, ,,
1 , 2na , , - , , , ,
Pearls, False ,, ,,
Peel, Orange ,, ,,
,, Pumelo, 1st quality ,, ,,
,, ,» 2nd ,, ,, ,,
Peppermint Leaf ,, ,,
I, Oil ,, .,
Pictures and Paintings each
„ on Pith or Rice Paper per hunderd
Pottery, Earthenware , loo catties
Preserves, Comfits, and Sweetmeats
Rattans, Split
Rattan Ware
Rhubarb
Rice or Paddy, Wheat, Millet, and other Grains
Rugs of Hair or Skin
Samshoo
Sandalwood Ware
Seaweed
Seaamum Seed
Shoes and Boots, Leather or Satin
„ Straw
Silk, Raw and Thrown ,, too catties
,, Yellow, from Szechuen ,, ,,
,, Reeled from dupions „ ,,
„ Wild Raw ,, „
,, Refuse „ ,,
,, Cocoons .,.,, , ,, ,,
,, Floss, Canton „ „
„ ,, from other Provinces ,....,.... .,,'.',",..1 •, ,,
.each
.per 100 catties
. „ catty
. . ,, 100 catties
• )) j»
. ,, 100 pairs
o
o
o
I
o
o
o
o
o
o
3
o
10
7
S
2
I
3
4
10
[ 27 ]
Silk, Ribbons and Thread per lOO catlies
,, Piece Goods, — Pongees, Shawls, Scarfs, Crape, Satin, Gauze,
Velvet, and Embroidered Goods , ,,
,, ,, ,1 Szechuen and Shantung ,, ,,
,, Tassels ,, ,,
,, Caps ,, hundred
,, and Cotton Mixtures , loo catties
Silver and Gold Ware ,, ,,
Snuff „
Soy „ „
Straw Braid , ,,
Sugar, Brown , ,,
„ White
,, Candy , „
Tallow, Animal , ,,
,, Vegetable ,, „
Tea*. „ „
Tin Foil „ „
Tobacco, Prepared ,
, , L.eat , , , ,
Tortoise-shell Ware ,, catty
Trunks, Leather ". ,, loo catties
Turmeric ,, ,,
Twine, Hemp, Canton ,, ,,
,, ,, Soochow ,, ,,
Turnips, Salted ,, ,,
Varnish or Crude Lacquer ,, ,,
Vermicelli ,, ,,
Vermilion ,, ,,
Wax, White or Insect ,, ,,
Wood, Piles, Poles, and Joists each
,, Ware per lOO catties
Wool
T. m. c. c.
10 o o o
12
4
10
o
5
10
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
2
I
o
o
' Tea Dust (by Agreement in i868) — value under Tls. lo per
picul, if shipped coastwise
r 28 ]
Unenumerated
Goods.
Duty-free
Goods.
Transit duty on
Duty-free
Goods.
Tonnage dues on
Duty-free
Goods.
Contraband of
War and Salt.
Weights and
Measures.
Relaxation of
Rules affecting
Opium, Grain,
Spelter, etc.
Opium duty and
carriage inland.
Copper Cash.
RULES.
Rule I. — Articles not enumerated in the list of exports, but
enumerated in the list of imports, when exported, will pay the amount
of duty set against them in the list of imports ; and similarly, articles
not enumerated in the list of imports, but enumerated in the list of
exports, when imported, will pay the amount of duty set against them
in the list of exports.
Articles not enumerated in either list, nor in the list of duty free
goods, will pay an ad valorem duty of 5 per cent, calculated on their
market value.
Rule II. — Gold and silver bullion, for^gn coins, flour, Indian
meal, sago, biscuits, preserved meats and vegetables, cheese, butter,
confectionery, foreign clothing jewellery, plated-ware, perfumery,
soap of all kinds, charcoal, firewood, candles (foreign), tobacco (for-
eign), cigars (foreign), wine, beer, spirits, household stores, ships'
stores, personal baggage, stationery, carpeting, druggeting, cutlery,
foreign medicines, and glass and crystal ware.
The above pay no import or export duty, but, if transported into
the interior will, with the exception of personal baggage, gold and
silver bullion, and foreign coins, pay a transit duty at the rate of 2 J^
per cent, ad valorem.
A freight, or part freight of duty-free commodities (personal
baggage, gold and silver bullion, and foreign coins, excepted) will
render the vessel carrying them, though no other cargo be on board,
liable to tonnage dues.
Rule III. — Import and export trade is alike ptohibited in the
following articles ; — Gunpowder, shot, cannon, fowling-pieces, rifles,
muskets, pistols, and all other munitions and implements of war ; and
salt.
Rule IV. — In the calculation of the Tarifif, the weight of a picul
of one hundred catties is held to be equal to one hundred and thirty-
three and one-third pounds, avoirdupois ; and the length of a chang of
ten Chinese feet, to be equal to one hundred and forty-one EngUsh
inches.
One Chinese chih is held to be equal to fourteen and one-tenth
inches English ; and four yards English, less three inches, to equal
one chang.
Rule V. — The restrictions affecting trade in opium, cash, grain,
pulse, sulphur, brimstone, saltpetre and spelter are relaxed, under the
following conditions : —
§ I. — Opium will henceforth pay thirty taels per picul import
duty. The importer will sell it only at the port. It will be carried into
the interior by Chinese only, and only as Chinese property ; the for-
eign trader will not be allowed to accompany it. The provisions of
Article IX of the Treaty of Tientsin, by which British subjects are
authorised to proceed into the interior with passports to trade, will
not extend to it, nor will those of Article XXVIII of the same Treaty,
by which the transit dues are regulated. The transit dues on it will
be arranged as the Chinese Government see fit ; nor, in, future revisions
of the Tariff, is the same rule of revision to be applied to opium as to
other goods.
§ 2. — The export of cash to any foreign port is prohibited ; but
it shall be lawful for British subjects to ship it at one of the open
[ 29 ]
ports of China to another, on compliance with the following Regula-
tion :— The sliipper shall give notice of the amount of cash he desires
to ship, and the port of its destination, and shall bind himself, either
by a ^ bond with two sufficient sureties, or by depositing such other
security as may be deemed by the Customs satisfactory, to return,
within six months from the date of clearance', to the collector at the
port of shipment, the certificate issued by him, with an acknowledgment
thereon of the receipt of the cash at the port of destination by the
collector at that port, who shall thereto affix his seal ; or, failing the
production of the certificate, to forfeit a sum equal in value to the cash
shipped. Cash will pay no duty inwards or outwards ; but a freight or
part freight of cash, though no other cargo be on board, will render the
vessel carrying it liable to pay tonnage dues.
§3- — The export of rice and all other grain whatsoever, native ^'<'^ '*'''* ^'■*'"-
or foreign, no matter where grown or whence imported, to any foreign
port, is prohibited ; but these commodities may be carried by British
merchants from one of the open ports of China to another, under the
same conditions in respect of security as cash, on payment at the port of
shipment of the duty specified in the Tariff.
No import duty will be leviable on rice or grain ; but a freight or
part freight of rice or grain, though no other cargo be on board, will
render the vessel importing it liable to tonnage dues.
§ 4-* — The export of pulse and beancake from Tung-chau and J'f^^ ^,
Newchwang, under the British flag, is prohibited. From any other of " "^^
the ports they may be shipped, on payment of the tariff duty, either to
other ports of China, or to foreign countries.
§ 5. — Saltpetre, sulphur, brimstone, and spelter being munitions of ^hur^Briiustone
war, shall not be imported by British subjects, save at the requisition of and spelter,
the Chinese Government, or for sale to Chinese duly authorised to
purchase them. No permit to land them will be issued until the
Customs have proof that the necessary authority has been given to the •
purchaser. It shall not be lawful for British subjects to carry these
commodities up the Yang-tsze-kiang, or into any port other than those
open on the seaboard, nor to accompany them into the interior on
behalf of Chinese. They must be sold at the ports only, and except at
the ports, they will be regarded as Chinese prop"erty.
Infractions of the conditions, as above set forth, under which trade
in opium, cash, grain, pulse, saltpetre, brimstone, sulphur, and spelter
may be henceforward carried on, will be punishable by confiscation of
all the goods concerned.
Rule VI. — To the prevention of misunderstanding, it is agreed E«portto
that the term of twenty-four hours, within which British vessels must be ment of Dues-
reported to the Consul under Article XXXVII of the Treaty of Tientsin, Seal""
shall be understood to commence from the time a British vessel comes
within the limits" of the port; as also the term of forty-eight hours
allowed her by Article XXX of the same Treaty to remain in port
without payment of tonnage dues.
The limits of the ports shall be defined by -the Customs, with all '"'™'*' °^ ^°^^-
consideration for the convenience of trade, compatible with due
protection- of the revenue : also the limits of the anchorages within
which lading and discharging is permitted by the Customs ; and the
same shall be notified to the Consuls for public information.
* This Article is abrogated by agreement with the Chinese Goverjithent, as
notified by the British Minister, 24th March, 1862.
[ 30 ]
Transit Dues-
meaning of Alt.
28 of Treaty of
Tientsin.
Cprtificates for
Imports.
Certificates for
Exports.
Unantliorispd
sale of exports
■in transitit.
Peking not open
to trade.
Meltage Fee
abolished.
Uniform system
for collection of
duties.
Customs' Ad-
ministration.
Rule VII.— It is agreed that Article XXVIII of the Treaty of
Tientsin shall be interpreted to declare the amounts of transit dues
legally leviable upon merchandise imported or exported by British
subjects, to be one-half of the tariff duties, except in the case of the
duty-free goods liable to a transit duty of 2}4 per cent, ad valorem, as
provided in Article II of these Rules. Merchandise sha'l be cleared of
its transit dues under the following conditions : —
In the case cf Imports : — Notice being given at the port of entry,
from which the Imports are to be forwarded inland, of the nature and
quantity of the goods, the ship from which they have been landed,
and the place inland to which they are bound, with all other necessary
particulars, the Collector of Customs will on due inspection made, and
on receipt of the transit duty due, issue a transit duty certificate. This
must be produced at every barrier station and vised. No further duty
will be leviable upon imports so certificated, no matter how distant the
place of their destination.
In the case of Exports : — Produce purchased by a British subject
in the interior will be inspected, and taken account of at the first barrier
it passes on its way to the port of shipment. A memorandum showing
the amount of the produce and the port at which it is to be shipped,
will be deposited there by the person in charge of the produce ; he will
then receive a certificate, which must be exhibited and vised at every
barrier on his way to the port of shipment. On the arrival of the
produce at the barrier nearest the port, notice must be given to the
Customs at the port, and the transit dues due thereon being paid, it will
be passed. On exportation the produce will pay the tariff duty.*
Any attempt to pass goods inwards or outwards, otherwise than
in compliance with the rule here laid down, will render them liable to
confiscation.
Unauthorised sale, in transitu, of goods that have been entered as
above for a port, will render them liable to confiscation. Any attempt
to pass goods in excess of the quantity specified in the certificate will
render all the goods of the same denomination, named in the certifi-
cate, liable to confiscation. Permission to export produce, which
cannot be proved to have paid its transit dues, will be refused by the
Customs until the transit dues shall have been paid. The above being
the arrangement agreed to regarding the transit dues, which will thus
be levied once and for all, the notification required under Article
XXVIII of the Treaty of Tientsin, for the information of British and
Chinese subjects, is hereby dispensed with.
Rule VIII. — It is agreed that Article IX of the Treaty of Tientsin
shall not be interpreted as authorising British subjects to enter the
capital city of Peking, for purposes of trade.
Rule IX. — It is agreed that the percentage of one tael, two mace,
hitherto charged in excess of duty payments to defray the expenses of
melting by the Chinese Government, shall be no longer levied on
British subjects.
Rule X. — It being by Treaty at the option of the Chinese Govern-
ment to adopt what means appear to it best suited to protect its revenue
accruing on British trade, it is agreed that one uniform system shall be
enforced at every port.
The high ofificer appointed by the Chinese Government to super-
intend foreign trade, will accordingly, from time to time, either
* For revised rules relating to Transit Certificates, see Agreement of Chefoo,
III, Art, 4.
[ 31 ]
himself visit, or will send a deputy to visit, the different ports. The
said high officer will be at liberty, of his own choice, and independently
of the suggestion or nomination of any British authority, to select any
British subject he may see fit to aid him in the administration of the
Customs' revenue, in the prevention of smuggling, in the definition of
port boundaries, or in discharging the duties of harbour-master; also Harbour Master,
in the distribution of lights, buoys, beacons, and the like, the main- etf. *"' "°^'''
tenance of which shall be provided for out of the tonnage dues.
The Chinese Government will adopt what measures it shall find ^^il"'^^^"^|^°s,
requisite to prevent smuggling upon the Yang-tsze-kiang when that
river shall be opened to trade.
Done at Shanghai, jn the province of Kiang-su, this eighth day of sui ^'o^-; wbs.
November, in the year of our Lord eighteen hundred and fifty-eight,
being the third day of the tenth moon of the eighth year of the reign
of Hien Fung.
[L.S.] (Signed) ELGIN AND KINCARDINE.
Seal of Chinese
Plenipotentiaries.
Signatures of Five
Chinese
Plenipotentiaries.
{ 32 ]
CONVENTION TO REGULATE THE ENGAGEMENT OF
CHINESE EMIGRANTS BY BRITISH AND
FRENCH SUBJECTS.
Signed at Peking in English, French, and Chinese, Sth March, 1866.
Ratification refused by British and French Governments.
The Government of His Majesty the Emperor of China having
requested that, in accordance with the terms of Conventions signed at
Peking the 24th and 2Sth of October, i860, a set of Regulations
should be framed to secure to Chinese Emigrants those safe-guards
which are required for their moral, and physical well-being; the
following, after due discussion and deliberation at the Yamen of Foreign
Affairs, have been adopted by the undersigned, and will henceforth be
in force
Regulations.
Art. I. — Any person desiring to open an Emigration Agency in
any Port in China, must make an application in writing to that effect to
his Consul, enclosing at the same time copy of the Rules which he
proposes to observe in his Establishment, copy of the Contract which
he offers to Emigrants, together with the necessary proofs that he has
complied with all the conditions imposed by the laws of his country
regulating Emigration.
Art. II. — The Consul, after having assured himself of the solvency
and respectability of the applicant, and having examined and approved
the copies of the Rules and Contracts, fhall communicate them to the
Chinese authorities, and shall request them to issue the Licence
necessary for opening an Emigration Agency.
The Licence, together with the Rules and Contracts as approved
by the Chinese authorities, will be registered at the Consulate.
Art. III. — No Licence to open an Emigration Agency shall be
withdrawn except upon sufficient grounds, and then only with the
sanction of the Consul. In such a case the Emigration Agent shall
have no claim to compensation for the closing of his establishment and
the suspension of his operations.'
Art. IV. — No modification of the Rules and Contracts when
once approved by the Consul and by the Chinese authorities shall be
made without their express consent; and, in order that no Emigrant
may be ignorant of them, the said Rules and Contracts shall in all cases
be posted- up on the door of the Emigration Agency and in the quarters
of the Emigrants.
The Emigration Agent shall be allowed to circulate and make
generally known in the towns and villages of the province copies of
these Rules and Contracts, which must in all cases bear the Seals of
the Chinese authorities and of the Consulate.
Art. V. — Every Emigration Agent shall be held responsible under
the laws of his country for the due execution of the clauses of the
contract signed by him until its expiration.
[ 33 ]
Art. VI. — Every Chinese employed by the Emigration Agent to
find him Emigrants shall be provided with a special Licence from the
Chinese authorities, and he alone will be responsible for any act done
by him in the above cupacity that may be, whether intentionally or
unintentionally, in contravention of the laws of the Empire.
Art. VII. — Every Chinese wishing to emigrate under an engage-
ment shall cause his name to be entered in a Register kept for that
purpose, in the presence of the Emigration Agent and of an Inspector
deputed by the Chinese Government. He will then be at liberty to
return to his home or to remain in the Emigration Depot to wait the
departure of the ship which is to carry him to his destination.
Art. VIII. — The Contracts shall specify: —
ist. — Tlie place of destination and the length of the engagement.
2nd. — The right of the Emigrant to be conveyed back to his own
country, and the sum which shall be paid at the expiration of his cora-
tract to cover the expense of his voyage home and that of his family,
should they accompany him.
3rd. — The number of working days in the year and tlie length of
each day's work.
4th. — The wages, rations, clothing and other advantages promised
to the Emigrant.
5th. — Gratuitous medical attendance.
6th. — The sum which the Emigrant agrees to set aside out of his
monthly wages for the benefit of persons to be named by him, should
he desire to appropriate any sum to such a purpose.
7th. — Copy of the 8th, 9th, loth, 14th and 22nd Articles of these
Regulations.
Any clause whfch shall purport to render invalid any of the
provisions of this Regulation is null and void.
Art. IX'. — The term of each Emigrant's engagement shall not
exceed five years, at the expiration of which the sum stipulated in the
contract shall be paid for him to cover the expense of his return to his
country. In the event of his obtaining permission to remaiii without
an engagement in the colony, this sum will be; placed in his own hands.
It shall always be at the option of the Emigrant to enter into a
second engagement of five years, for which he shall be paid a premium
equivalent to one-half the cost of his return to China. In such a case
the sum destined to cover the expense of his return home shall not be
paid until the expiration of his second engagement.
Every Emigrant who may become invalided and incapable of
working shall be allowed, without waiting for the expiration of his
contract, to claim before the legal Courts of the colony or territory
where he may be, payment on his behalf of the sum destined to cover
the expense of his return to China.
Art. X. — The Emigrant shall in no case be forced to work more
than six days out of seyen,- nor more than nine hours and a half in the
day.
The Emigrant shall be free to arrange with his employer the
conditions of work by the piece or job, and of all extra labour under-
taken during days and hours set apart for rest.
The obligation on holidays to attend to cattle or to do such
service as the necessities of daily life may demand, shall not be
considered as labour.
Art. XI. — No engagement to emigrate entered into by any Chinese
subject under twenty years of age will be valid unless he produce a
[ 34 ]
Certificate from the proper Chinese authorities stating that he has been
authorised to contract such engagement by his parents, or, in default
of his parents, by the Magistrate of the port at which he is to embark.
Art. XII. — After four days, but not less, from the date of the
entry of the Emigrant's name on the Register of the Agency, the Officer
deputed by the Chinese Government being present, the Contract shall
be read to the Emigrant, and he shall be asked whether he agrees to
it, and having answered in the affirmative he shall then and there
append his signature thereto.
Art. XIII. — The Contract once signed, the Emigrant is at the
disposal of the Agent, and must not absent himself from the Depot
without the permission of the Agent.
Before embarking, every Emigrant shall be called before the Officer
deputed by the Chinese authorities to ratify his Contract, which shall
be registered at the Consulate.
Twenty-four hours before the sailing of the ship, the Emigrants
shall be mustered on board before the Consul and the Inspector of
Customs, or their deputies, and the list shall be finally closed for
signature and registration by the Consul and the Inspector.
Any individual refusing to proceed after his muster shall be bound
to repay the expenses of his maintenance in the Emigration Depot at
the rate of one hundred cash (one tenth of a tael) per diem. In
default of payment he shall be handed over to the Chinese Magistrate
to be punished according to the laws.
Akt. XIV. — Any . sum handed over to the Emigrant before his
departure shall only he regarded in the light of a premium upon his
engagement. All advances upon his future wages are formally for-
bidden, except in the case of their being appropriated to the use of his
family, and the Consul will take special pains to provide against their
being employed in any other way. Such advances shall not exceed six
months' wages, and shall be covered by a stoppage of one dollar per
month until the entire debt shall have been paid.
It is absolutely forbidden, whether on the voyage or during the
Emigrant's stay in the Colony or territory in which he may be employed,
to make any advances to him in money or kind payable after the
expiration of his engagement. Any agreement of this nature shall be
null and void, and shall give the creditor no power to oppose the
return of the Emigrant to his country at the time fixed by the Contract.
Art. XV. — The Emigrant during his stay in the Depot shall be
bound to conform to the Regulations adopted for its internal economy
by the Consul and the Chinese authorities.
Art. XVI. — Any Emigrant who may be riotous or guilty of any
misconduct shall be immediately locked up until the arrival of the
Officers deputed by the Chinese authorities, to whom he will be handed
over to be punished in conformity with the laws of the Empire; the
Officers of the Agency being in no case authorised to take the law into
their own hands and inflict any punishment.
Art. XVII.— The Deputies of the Consul and of the Chinese
authorities shall at all times' be empowered to demand admittance to
the Agency, and to summon the Emigrants before them for purpose
of interrogation.
They will be present at the signing of the Contracts and at the
embarkation of the Coolies.
[ 35 ]
They will see to the maintenance of order, to the healthiness and
cleanliness of the rooms destined to receive the Emigrants, to the
separation of families and women, and to the arrangements on board
the transport ships.
They may at any time demand that Experts or Medical Officers
shall be called in, in order to verify any defects which they may have
remarked; they may suspend the embarkation of Emigrants in ships
the arrangements on board of which may seem to them defective, and
they may reject Coolies afflicted with contagious diseases.
Art. XVIII. — The Emigration Agent shall be bound to pay into
the Customs' Bank the sum of Three Dollars for every male adult
entered on the list of Coolies embarked, to meet the expenses of
inspection.
Art. XIX. — Any Emigrant claimed by the Chinese Government as
an offender against the law shall be handed over to the authorities
without opposition from the Consul ; and in such case the whole sum
expended for the maintenance of the Emigrant in the Agency or on
hoard ship shall be repaid immediately to the Emigration Agent, at the
rate of one hundred cash (one tenth of a tael) per diem.
The sum of the premium., advances, clothes, etc., entered in the
Agency Register against such Emigrant, shall in like manner be repaid
by the Chinese Government.
Art. XX. — The Emigration Agent shall not be at liberty to
embark Emigrants on board any ship which shall not have satisfied the
Consul that, in respect of its internal economy, stores and sanitary
arrangements, all the conditions required by the laws of the country to
which the said ship may belong are fulfilled.
Should the Chinese authorities upon the reports of the Officers
deputed by them, conceive it their duty to protest against the embarka-
tion of a body of Emigrants in a ship approved by the Consul, it shall
be in the power of the Customs to suspend the granting of the Ship's
Port Clearance until further information shall have been obtained, and
until the final decision of the Legation of the country to which the
suspected ship belongs shall have been pronounced.
Art. XXI. — On the arrival of the ship at her destination the
duplicate of the list of Emigrants shall be presented by the Captain to
be vts6d by his Consul and by the local authorities.
In the margin and opposite to the name of each Emigrant, note
shall be made of death, births, and diseases during the voyage, and of
the destination assigned to each Emigrant in the Colony or territory in
which he is to be employed.
This document shall be sent by the Emigration Agent to the
Consul at the port at which the Emigrants embarked, and by him
delivered to the Chinese authorities.
Art. XXII. — In the distribution of the Emigrants as labourers,
the husband shall not be separated from his wife, nor shall parents be
separated from their children being under fifteen years of age.
No labourer shall be bound to change his employer without his
consent, except in the event of the factory or plantation upon which he
is employed changing hands.
His Imperial Highness the Prince of Kung has further declared
in the name of the Government of His Majesty the Emperor of
China: —
e 1
[ 36 ]
ist. — That the Chinese Government throws no obstacle in the way
of free emigration, that is to say, to the departure of Chinese subjects
embarking of their own free will and at their own expense for foreign
countries, but that all attempts to bring Chinese under an engagement
to emigrate, otherwise than as the present Regulations provide, are
formally forbidden and will be prosecuted with the extreme rigour of the
law.
2nd. — That a law of the Empire punishes by death those who, by
fraud or by force, may kidnap Chinese subjects for the purpose of
sending ihein abroad against their will.
3rd. — That whereas the operations of Emigration Agents with a
view to the sii|iply of coolie labour abroad, aie authorised at all the
open [lorls, when conchided in conformity with their Regulations and
f.nder tlie joint supervision of tlie Consuls and the Chinese authorities,
it follows that where this joint supervision cannot be exercised, such
operations are formally forbidden.
These declarations are here placed on record, in order thai they
mny have the same force and validity as the Regulations contained in
the twenty-two .\rticles foregoing.
Done and signed at Peking in triplicate, the sth of March, 1 866.
rL.S] (Signed) RUTHERFORD ALCOCK.
[L.S.] (Signed) PRINCE OF KUNG.
[L.S.] (Signed) HENRY M-; BELl.ONNET.
,[ 37 ]
SUPPLEMENTARY CONVENTION TO THE TREATY OF
COMMERCE AND NAVIGATION BETWEEN GREAT
BRITAIN AND CHINA.
Signed, in the English and Chinese Languages, at Peking, 24th October,
1869.
Ratification refused by British Government.
Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, and His Majesty the Emperor of China, desiring to
secure the better execution of the Treaty of Commerce concluded
between them on the 26th of June, 1858, have resolved, in accordance
with the provision made in the twenty-seventh Article, to the effect
that either of the high contracting parties may demand a farther
revision of the Tariff and of the Commercial Articles of that Treaty
at the end of ten years, to negotiate a complementary arrangement ;
and they have for that purpose named as their Plenipotentiaries, that
is to say :
Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain s'f b. Aioock.
and Ireland : ^''^'^
Sir Rutherford Alcock, Knight Commander of the Most Honour-
able Order of the Bath, Her Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary to His Majesty the Emperor of China ;
And His Majesty the Emperor of China ;
His Imperial Highness the Prince of Kung j Prinooof Kuug
WSn-hsiang, President of the Board of Civil Office ; theTsung-u
Pao Chiin, President of the Board of Revenue ; ^amsn.
Tung Hsiin, President of the Board of Revenue ;
Tan Ting-hsiang, President of the Board of Punishment \
Ch'ung Lun, President of the Colonial Office ]
Who, after having communicated to each other their respective
full powers, found to be in good and due form, have agreed upon the
following Article: —
Art. I. — China having agreed that British subjects shall par- British subjects
ticipate in all advantages accorded by treaty to the subjects of other ^^^^^^l^^J^
powers, it is further agreed that British subjects desirous to participate corded by Treaty
in the advantages accorded by Treaty to the subjects of other powers, ^hOTPowlr°s,on
shall participate in such advantages on the same conditions on which "ke conditions.
they have been accorded to, and are participated in by the subjects of
other powers.
Art. II. — China having agreed that England may appoint Consuls China may ap-
., . J -1 • c 1, J tu .. r^u- point Consuls to
to reside at every port open to trade, it is further agreed that China aii ports in the
may appoint Consuls to reside at all ports in the British dominions. ^^J*'^^'"^""''-
The Consuls so appointed shall respectively be entitled to the treatment
accorded to the most favoured nation.
Art. III. — It is agreed that Articles of the following classes and Cottons, linens,
denominations, namely. Cottons, Linens, Woollens and Cotton Mix- po^'^S^'and
tures, etc., imported by British merchants, shall pay both import ^^jj* Dues
duty and transit due simultaneously at the time of importation; on kt importation,
the other part China agrees that the above-mentioned commodities from^auTthS''
imported by the British merchants, and having paid import duty and taxes in Treaty
transit due simultaneously at the time of importation, shall be exempt '""■ p™™'^"^-
from all other taxes and charges whatsoever, in Treaty port provinces.
t 38 1
Art. IV. — It is agreed that native produce purchased in the
furnishe
Regulations, shall
luland charges
on Native pro. ^^ interior by British merchants, furnished with the documents prescribed
all inland dues and
duce en i
T?ansrt DMto"' Ijy ^^^ Siipplemcntary Regulations, shall pay
be refunded if charges on its way to the Treaty port ; on the other part, China agrees
edfteoadwtthin that any such native produce, having paid all inland dues and charges
12 months. qu the way to the port from the place of purchase, shall be entitled to
the return of any amount that may have been thus paid over and above
the Treaty transit due (half export duty) provided the exportation by
British merchants to foreign ports takes place within twelve months.
It is farther agreed that native produce shipped to another Treaty port
shall not be entitled to such refund.
Transit Euie ART. V. — It is agreed that Chinese produce, shipped from Hong-'
toNaifvo ''™''''' kong to a Treaty port, shall not be carried inland under the Transit
produce import- Rule, but shall pay dues, duty and inland charges like all otiier nativ u
kong?"Native producc at all barriers passed; on the other part China agrees to issue
fhencR^tS-^"^ t° native produce shipped by British merchants from Treaty ports to
Hongkong, the ordinary duty proofs, and to collect on such produce
on arrival at a second Treaty port, the ordinary coast trade (half import)
duty. J
Art. VI. — It is agreed that the port of Wenchow in Chekiang
shall be opened to British trade, and that Kiungchow, named in tlic
Treaty of Tientsin, shall be removed from the list of Treaty ports.
Art. VII. — It is agreed that British merchant vessels shall not
be called on to pay tonnage dues oftener than once in four months ; on
the other part England agrees that British merchant vessels of every
description whether used for the transport or storage of merchandise,
conveyance of passengers, or residences (merchant ships, hulks, chops,
Payment of Ton- etc.), as Well as all Craft of the Chinese type, owned by British subjects,
shall pay tonnage dues according to their tonnage, if trading from
port to port, on the expiration of their special certificates; and, if used
as hulks in port, on the expiration of the term of four months, as the
case may be.
Art. VIII. — It is agreed that all British merchant vessels shall
report to the Customs their port of destination, and shall hand in
Export manifests when about to clear; on the other part China agrees
lind "ifExporf ^hat the amount of any Fine for false manifest where British subjects
manifest on are concerned, shall be determined in accordance with the special
circumstances, and shall not in any case exceed the sum of Five
thence ; treat-
ment of.
W(inohow open-
ed, and Kiung-
chow removed
from the list of
Treaty ports.
nago Dues.
Britisli Mer-
chant vessels
shall report
destination to
clearing. False
manifest— pen-
It is agreed that in all cases of Fines arising out of
aity. Hundred Taels.
Mode of investi- ART. IX..-
fines "lid cOTtts"-' ^'^^^'^'^^^ °^ Customs' regulations, the Superintendent or the Connnib-
oationV breach sioner of Customs may have a seat on the bench, and take part with the
guPationr' '"■ 'Biiiish Consul in enquiring into the case; and that in all cases of
confiscation arising out of breaches of Customs' regulations, the British
Consul may have a seat on the bench with the Superintendent or
Commissioner of Customs, and take part in enquiring into the case
It is farther agreed that England and China shall in consultation draw
up a Commercial Code.
Art. X.— On the one part China agrees to issue licences to Pilots ■
on the other part England agrees to punish British subjects piloting'
licence, pumsh- °' ^^o employ persous to pilot not having licences. It is further agreed
raent. Reguia- that effect shall be given to the stipulation of the Treaty of Tientsin
llfbedTarrp "that for the due restraint of the crews of ships, regulations will be
by Consuls. drawn up by the Consuls and local authorities."
^ors'relexp'it- ^""l' J^l'l' -l- u^'^^^ l^^l drawbacks issued to foreign goods
ed within three re-exported by British merchants to
Commercial
Code to be
drawn up.
Licences to Pi
lots. Pilot-
ing, or employ
ing pel-sons to
pilot without
licence, punish
foreign countries within three
[ 39 ]
months from the date of importation, shall be convertible • (at the months from im.
Hai-kwan Bank) into cash ; on the other part England agrees that TOrtime'/nto"
foreign goods re-exported by British merchants to foreign countries '='^'>;s"<"isre-^
after the expiration of three years from the date of importation shall years not en-
not be entitled to drawback of import duly. baJkonmp^t
Art. XII. — It is agreed that Opium shall pay import duly at an duty,
increased rate ; on the other part China agrees —
(i°) That British subjects holding Passports may use their own ppium shall pay
vessels, resembling Chinese craft, and propelled by oars or J}Jft3?*^inc™^3°'a
sails, when visiting non-treaty ports, or places in the interior, facilities for
(2°) That Bonded Warehouses shall be established for British Bonded
subjects at such Treaty ports as may be expedient. warehouses, etc.
(3°) That the Superintendent of Customs at Kiukiang shall pro-
vide a Tug for the use of British-owned Chinese-like boats
on the Poyang, and in the vicinity of Hukow.
(4°) That Bonds entered into by British merchants for the re-
export of Teas, shipped from the Yangtze ports, shall, as
an experiment, be done away with.
(5°) That the Imperial Commissioner in the South shall open
Coal mines in two or three places ] and
(6°) That the duty on native coal exported by British merchants
from the Southern ports shall be reduced.
Art. XIII. — It is agreed that Silk shall pay export duty at an siik shall pay
increased rate; on the other part China agrees — duty.'^Wnhr''^
(1°) That VVuhu in Anhui shall be opened to British trade. opened. Free
(2') That foreign grain may be re-exported, and without payment stores for repairs
of duty, by British merchants. ^ feducUoAm
(3°) That materials used by British subjects in docks, for the duties, etc.
repairs of British vessels, shall be exempt from duty.
(4°) That the list of duty free goods for British household use, and
ship's stores, shall be revised.
(5°) That foreign Coal, and Guano, imported by British merchants,
shall be exempt from duty.
(6°) That Import Duties shall be reduced on Watches, Tin Plates,
Pepper (black and white), and Timber, imported by
British subjects.
Art. XIV. — It is agreed that each Custom House shall draw up Touch of Sycee
rules fixing the touch of Sycee to be received in payment of duties by futfes^^each^
the Bank at each port. It is farther agreed that the various documents 5°'''*S^ "''^''•
issued to British subjects (Transit Papers, Passports, etc.), shall be etc!"retumaUe
returnable at the expiration of one year from the date of issue. onl y^^^''™ °'
Art. XV. — It is agreed on both parts that the Articles untouched Articles un.
by the present Revision shall be hereby declared to be renewed and *°"?iJ?<* ?•? p"^«-
^ ■, 1. . .1 .1111-I r 1 sent Revision
confirmed, and that the revised version shall rule in the case or such conm-med.
Articles as the present version affects.
Art. XVI. — -The present Convention shall be ratified, and the ''''changeofra-
ratifications shall be exchanged at Peking as soon as possible. Pekhig™"
In witness whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed the
present Convention, the Supplementary Regulations appended, and the
Tariff affecting goods in respect of which duties have been hereby
changed, and have afi5xed hereto their seals.
Done at Peking in quadruplicate, this twenty-third day of October, 23rd Oct., 1869.
1869.
[L.S.] (Signed) RUTHERFORD ALCOCK.
[L.S.] (Signed) CHINESE PLENIPOTENTIARIES.
[ 40 ]
SUPPLEMENTARY RULES AND TARIFF.
Whereas it is expedient that Supplementary Regulations should be
drawn up for the better explanation of the Articles of this Convention,
the respective Plenipotentiaries do hereby agree that the appended
Tariff and Rules, the latter being in ten Articles hereinunder following,
shall be equally binding on the Governments and subjects of both
countries with the Convention itself. In witness whereof they hereto
affix their seals and signatures.
Specifled foreign RuLE I. — (t°) The Convention permits certain specified com-
liabte to'infand' modities of foreign origin, viz., Cottons, Linens, Woollens, Woollen
dues in Treaty and Cotton Mixtures, etc., to circulate freely in Treaty port iirovinces,
port provinces. . . , r ., ,■ , •,.. , • , j , , • ,
without farther liability to inland dues or charges on payment siniul-
t.ineously of impart duty and transit due at the time of importation.
^Vhen taken inland by British merchants in person or by Chinese, the
agents of British merchants, or by Chinese purchasers, while the
British merchant will be required, as prescribed by the Treaty of
Tientsin, to travel provided with the usual passport, the commodities
aforesaid need not be accom[)anied by any transit certificate, and may
be sold freely and at pleasure along the road, without being in any place
called on to pay farther dues, duties or inland charges. The various
Customs' stations passed by such commodities will, however, make such
examination as is usual, in order to provide against fraudulent substitu-
tions and the transport of prohibited articles,
other foreign (2°) With the exception of those classes of commodities which
provided w?th are to pay import duty and transit dues simultaneously, all other
tKinsitcertm- foreign merchandise carried inland will continue to be exempt from
eate exempt from ,,1 ,. ,, .,,,. *.,
all inland dues, all dues, duties and charges en rottte, provided, having paid full
import duty on importation and the tariff transit due when leaving
the port to enter the. interior, it is found to be accompanied by the
ordinary proof of payment of transit dues, namely, a transit certificate.
Such goods will be liable to all dues, duties and charges, wherever
found inland if unaccompanied by transit certificates. Both British
and Chinese merchants will be treated in accordance with the provisions
herein set forth.
Foreign mer- (3') When the commodities specified in the first clause of this
inland accom- Rule are Carried inland in treaty port provinces by either British or
spedaedforelgn Chinese merchants, and when such commodities are accompanied by
commodities, Other foreign merchandise of the class provided for in the second clause
with'irans'it'* of this Rule, the latter merchandise will be liable to all inland dues,
^■j^iteate^Uabie duties and charges, if not provided with transit certificates. Failure to
Penalty forno't report the presence of any such uncertificated merchandise when pass-
unMrti'ned '"g Customs' stations, or any attempt to defraud the revenue by
merchandise, carrying native produce in that guise, will subject all the goods of the
same description to seizure and confiscation.
Mrtifirates (4') When commodities of the kind specified in the first clause
Confiscation if of this Rule, and which simultaneously paid import duty and transit
dlfferenffrom" '^"es, are to be conveyed by either British or Chinese merchr.nts to
what is set forth non-Treaty port provinces, transit certificates should be procured from
in certificate. jj^g Customs at the port started from, on the face of which will be
distinctly set forth the name of the place for which the said
commodities are destined. On their way from the port to the
place thus set forth in the certificate, such certificated commodities
[ 41 i
will be exempt from all liability to inland charges, dues or duties;
but in the event of its being discovered by any Customs' station that
may make examination, that the merchandise contained in the packages
is different from the commodity set forth in the certificate, or that the
certificate is for a less quantity than it is accompanied by, the goods
concerned will be confiscated. On the arrival of such duly certificated
commodities at the place set forth in the certificate, the certificate will
become invaUd, and the commodities having arrived at their place of
destination will be liable to whatever inland charges, dues or duties
the locality they are found in collects, and will thenceforth be treated
like native produce in the localities concerned.
Rule II. — (i°) British merchants whether going in person or customs'
sending Chinese agents into the interior for the purchase of native "hcnpurchasing
produce should first obtain from the Customs a blank memorandum, natrye produoo
J„, 1 , t -11 1 .• 1 1 It ■ . 1 1 1 in the interior.
Ihe native produce purchased will be liable to all inland charges, dues Saieofsuoh
and duties on the way to the port, just like any other Chinese goods in frmMV"'
Chinese hands. On the other hand each Custom's station or barrier punishable,
will be required to certify to the receipt of the amount of dues, duties
or charges there collected, by making an official and duly sealed entry
on the face of the blank memorandum. Any sale i>t transitu of the
native produce to which the blank memoranda refer will be punishable
in accordance with the regulations.
(2°) On the arrival of such native produce at the ast barrier, the Examinatiott of
merchant is to report its arrival to the Commissioner of Customs, and payment of
the goods are to await examination. The memorandum brought back and Trea^'^
from the interior is at the same time to be deposited with the Customs. Transit-due.
Should such native produce be exported to a foreign port (Hongkong customs.^
excepted) within 12 months from the date of arrival, the exporter
will at the time of exportation pay the usual export duty, and as regards
inland charges, while on the one hand the exporter will be called on to
make up the amount by which the sums entered on the memorandum
fall short of a Treaty transit due (half export duty), on the other,
the Customs will refund to the exporter the amount by which such
sums may be found to exceed the Treaty transit dues. Should the
produce be shipped for conveyance to a Treaty port, no make up will
be called for and no refund allowed.
Rule III. — Foreign goods re-exported to a foreign country Refund by
within 36 months from the date of arrival, if found to be in their original i^^rt du^^ on
packages, with marks and numbers unchanged, will be entitled to foreign goods
.1 f ^ f 1 •! ■ 1 1 111 re-exported.
receive the refund of the sum paid as import duty, by a drawback. Drawbacks for
which shall be a valid tender for payment of other duties (tonnage ^'^^tf™^'^"*^
dues excepted). Goods re-exported after the expiration of the said 36 produce,
months shall not be entitled to receive such drawback. If re-exported
within three months from the date of arrival, a drawback certificate
will be issued at the Customs-house, which, on presentation at the
Customs' Bank, will be convertible into cash. Goods re-exported after
the expiration of the said term of three months, will not be entitled to
receive such convertible drawbacks. As regards native produce,
drawbacks for coast trade duty will continue to be issued when the
produce is re-shipped within twelve months from the date of arrival.
If re-shipped after the expiration of that term, native produce will not
be entitled to any drawback of coast trade duty.
Rule IV. — British merchants will be allowed one month's grace ^^l;"™£'^transit
for the return of such documents as they may have taken out when papers, etc.—
going inland (Passports, Transit passes, etc.). All such documents to Shsfrom
become invalid on the expiration of 12 months from the date of issue, issue.
[ 42 ]
Sonded
Warehouses^
Steam-lv.g for
British-owned
vessels on the
Poyang.
British
merchants may
use their own
vessels, rent
liouses, etc., in
the interior-,
and shall he
uniMolested.
Registration
of British-
owned vessels
of Chinese type.
Such vessels
shall comply
with Customs'
regulation.".
Working of
Coal mines.
Articles for
household use
and ships' stores
free from duty
if not carried
inland.
and if not returned within 13 months from that date, the applications
of the parties concerned for other documents will not be attended to.
Rule V.— At such of the Treaty ports as may be expedient,
Bonded Warehouses will be established, .and regulations for their
working will be drawn up by the Inspector-General of Customs and
the Superintendent of the port concerned. Where sufificient reasons
for the non-establishment of such Bonded Warehouses exist, they will
not be introduced.
Rule VI. — The Superintendent of Customs af Kiukiang will
provide a steam-tug for the use of British merchants on the Poyang
Lake, and between Hankow and Kiukiang. The tug in question will
be for the lowing of British-owned vessels of the Chinese type, and a
tariff of fees will be published, in accordance with which, merchants
whose boats may be towed, will pay the Kiukiang Customs for that
service.
Rule VII. — British merchants who may go inland duly provided
with passports, to sell foreign goods, purchase native produce, or carry
native produce into the interior for sale, are permitted to use their
own vessels, if of the Chinese type and propelled by sails or oars, and
when in the interior, are further permitted to rent for a short period
either hotels or private houses where they may store their goods, but on
which they are not to exhibit their hong name or the style of their
film. Native produce purchased in ihe interior and entered on the
memorandum for conveyance to the port, must not be sold in the
interior. In the case of the inns or private houses thus rented from
Chinese, the British merchant is not to interfere to protect the land-
lord from the incidence of the taxes and charges for which his house
or property is assessable. The Chinese of the locality must not annoy
or maltreat the British merchant, and proclamations setting forth
all that precede have been prepared and will be sent to the Governors-
General and Governors of the provinces, for publication everywhere.
As regards vessels of the Chinese type, owned by British mer-
chants and used by them to go to non-treaty ports, or places in the
interior, each such vessel must be registered at the Custom House, where
the Commissioner of Customs will issue a certificate of registration,
and the flag to be sailed under, the certificate to be countersealed by
the Superintendent. Such vessels must exhibit the flag received from
the Customs, and comply with the special rules and regulations drawn
up for their management. Any vessel unprovided with a certificate
of registration, detected in the fraudulent use of a flag resembling the
Customs' flag, or flying the house-flag of any foreign mercantile firm,
or having a certificate and flying the flag of any foreign country, will
be subject, with her cargo, to confiscation.
Rule VIII. — The Imperial Commissioner superintending foreign
affairs in the South will enquire into the condition of Kiuyung,
Lop'ing and Kelung, and will depute officers to work the mines at
these places as an experiment; the question of the employment of
foreigners to assist in mining and of using foreign machinery will be
left to be given effect to by the Imperial Commissioner. The coal
produced will be for sale to British and Chinese merchants without
distinction.
Rule IX.— The Rules appended to the Tariff attached to the
Treaty of Tientsin enumerated the articles that are to be admitted free
of duty for household use and as ship's stores. A revised list is to
be drawn up by the Inspector-General of Customs and will be hereto
t 4.3 ]
appended, of the articles that are thus to be admitted free, for the use
of British subjects. Should such articles be carried inland they will
be dutiable in accordance with the rule and practice that formerly
obtained.
Rule X. — Docks owned by British merchats will be permitted ^paf,Io/°i;',p^
to import such articles as they require for the repairs of ships, free of free or duty,
duty ; but on newly-built vessels there will be levied a duty of 5% fegistored 1''°
ad valorem. Before being entitled to the privilege of importing their customs.
stores duty free, such docks must be registered at the Customs and the
owners must enter into such bonds as the Customs in question may
consider sufficient for the protection of the revenue. A list of the
articles to be imported, duty free, will be prepared by the Inspector-
General of Customs and appended hereto.
TARIFF.
IMPORT.
T.m.c.
Watches, emaillees a perles per pair 4.5.0 Tariff
Watches, Gold per pair i.i.o
Watches, Silver. per pair 0.5.0
Pepper, White per picul 0.4.0
Pepper, Black per picul 0.2.0
Tin Plates per picul 0.2.0
Foreign Grain, Guano, Coal — free,
whether imported or exported, but
to take out permits in accordance
with the Custom House Regula-
tions.
Timber — a reduction to be made after
full enquiry at Shanghai.
Opium — per 100 catties, Tls. 50;
and to be dealt with in accordance
with the special rules respecting
that drug.
EXPORT.
T.m.c.c.
Silk — Raw and Thrown, per 100 catties ... 20.0.0.0
Silk — Yellow, from Szechuen, per 100
catties lo.o.o.o
Coal, Native — at the Southern Ports, per
100 catties 0.0.0.5
Coal, Native — at the Northern Ports, per
100 catties 0.0.4.0
t 44 ]
Agreement between the ivunisters
plenipotentiary of the governments of
great britain and china,
Signed, in the English and Chinese Languages, at Chefoo, i^th September
1876.
Ratified by the Emperor of China, 17th September, 1876
Sir Tliomas
Wade, K.C.B
Li llung'Chang.
Preanable.
yuniian Case.
Memorial to
Throne.
Proclamation to
be published and
posted in the
provinces,
British officers to
observe fulfil-
ment of this
stipulation.
Yunnan
frontier trade.
Regulations to
be framed,
Agreement negotiated between Sir Thomas Wade, K.C.B. , Her
Britannic Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
at the Court of China, and Li, Minister Plenipotentiary of His Majesty
the Emperor of China, Senior Grand Secretary, Governor-General of
the Province of Chihli, of the First-Class of thfc Third Order of
Nobility.
The negotiation between the Ministers above-named has its origin
in a despatch received by Sir Thomas Wade, in the spring of the
present year, from the Earl of Derby, Principal Secretary of State for
Foreign Affairs, dated ist January, 1876. This contained instructions
regarding the disposal of three questions ; first, a satisfactory settle-
ment of the Yiinnan affair ; secondly, a faithful fulfilment of engage-
ments of last year respecting intercourse between the hij^h officers of the
two Governments ; thirdly, the adoption of a uniform system in satis-
faction of the understanding arrived at in the month of September,
1875 {^^^ moon of the ist year of the reign of Kwang Hsii), on the subject
of rectification of conditions of trade. It is to this despatch that Sir
Thomas Wade has referred himself in discussions on these questions
with the Tsungli Yamen, farther reference to which is here omitted
as superfluous. The conditions now agreed to between Sir Thomas
Wade and the Grand Secretary are as follows : —
Section I. — Settlement ojf^ the YUnnaft Case.
(i.) A Memorial is to be presented to the Throne, whether by the
Tsungli Yamen or by the Grand Secretary Li, is immaterial, in the
sense of the memorandum prepared by Sir Thomas Wade. Before
presentation, the Chinese text of the Memorial is to be shewn to Sir
Thomas Wade.
(ii.) The Memorial having been presented to the Throne, and the
Imperial Decree in reply received, the Tsungli Yamen will communi-
cate copies of Memorial and Imperial Decree to Sir Thomas Wade,
together with copy of a letter from the Tsungli Yamen to the Pro-
vincial Governments, instructing them to issue a proclamation that
shall embody at length the above Memorial and Decree. Sir Thomas
Wade will thereon reply to the effect that for two years to come
officers will be sent, by the British Minister, to different places in the
provinces, to see that the proclamation, is posted. On application
from the British Minister, or the Consul of any port instructed by him
to make application, the high officers of the provinces will depute
competent officers to accompany those so sent to the places which they
go to observe.
(iii.) In order to thp framing of such legulations as will be needed
for the conduct of the frontier trade between Burma and Yunnan,
the Memorial, submitting the proposed settlement of the Yunnan
affair, will contain a request that an Imperial Decree be issued,
[ 45 ]
directing the Governor-General and Governor, whenever the British
Government shall send officers to Yunnan, to select a competent
officer of rank to confer with them and to conclude a satisfactory
arrangement,
(iv.) The Britisli Government will jje free for five years, from the British officials
Tst of January next, being the 17th day of the nth moon of the 2nd l^j^^^jj^o'^^^hef
year of the reign Kwang Hsii, to station officers at Tali-fu, or at some suitable place in
other suitable place in Yunnan, lo observe the conditions of trade; pe"riod of n™
to the end that they may have information upon which to base the y™^^-
remilalions of trnde when these _have to be discussed. For the consi-
deiation and adjustment of any matter affecting British officers or
subjects, iliese officers will be free to address themselves to the
authorities of the province. The opening of the trade may be proposed
by the British Government, as it may find best, at any time within
tilt; term of five years, or upon expiry of the term of five years.
Passports having been obtained last year for a Mission from India Mission from
into Yiinnan, it is open to the Viceroy of India 10 send such Mission ian'."*"^""
at any time he may see fit.
(v.) The amount of indemnity to be paid on account of the families indemnity flxea
of the officers and others killed in Yiinnan; on account -of the •''*'''''''• ^'"'''*''*'-
expenses which the Yiinnan case has occasioned; and on account of
claims of British merchants arising out of the action of officers of the
Chinese Government up to the commencement of the present year,
Sir Thomas Wade takes upon himself to fix at Two Hundred Thousand
Taels, payable on demand.
(vi.) When the case is closed an Imperial Letter will be written, Apology forYiin-
expressing regret for what has occurred in Yunnan. The Mission chinese'snToy
bearing the Imperial Letter will proceed to England immediately. *« Eng'i''"!:
Sir Thomas Wade is to be informed of the constitution of this
Mission, for the information of his Government. The text of the
Imperial Letter is also to be communicated to Sir Thomas Wade by
the Tsungli Yamen.
Section II. — Official Intercourse
Under this heading are included the conditions of intercourse pnTercourse
between high officers in the capital and the provinces, and between
Consular oflficers and Chinese officials at the ports; also the conduct
of judicial proceedings in mixed cases.
(i.) In the Tsungli Yamen's Memorial of the 28th September,
1875, the Prince of Kung and the Ministers stated that their object
in presenting it had not been simply the transaction of business in
whicii Chinese and Foreigners might be concerned; missions abroad
and the question of diplomatic intercourse lay equally within their
prayer.
To the prevention of farther misunderstanding upon the subject code of
of intercourse and correspondence, the present conditions of both coSered!" ^
having c^iused complaint in the capital and in the provinces, it is
agreed that the Tsungli Yamen shall address a circular to the
Legations, inviting Foreign Representatives to consider with them a
code of etiquette, to the end that foreign officials in China, whether
at the ports or elsewhere, may be treated with the same regard as is
shown them when serving abroad in other countries, and as would be
shown to Chinese Agents so serving abroad.
'I'he fact that China is about to establish Missions and Consulates ChineseMissions
abroad renders an understanding on these points esseniial. abroad,
(ii.) The British Treaty of 1858, Article XVI., lays down that criminal
"Qhinese subjects who may be guilty of any criminal act towards J™s'J"=t"'"'
[ 46 ]
British Treaty
Art. XVI.;
explanation of
meaning.
Supreme Court
at Shangliai.
Mixed Court at
Shanghai.
More effective
administration
of justice at the
Treaty ports.
Presence of
British officers
at judicial
investigations.
Mixed cases —
nationality of
defendant the
guide as to the
Court by which
the case is
adjudicated.
Commercial
Section,
liAtii— free area.
Four new Ports
to be opened
to trade. British
officers to reside
at Oh'ungking
in Ssuch'uan.
Opening of
Ch'ungk'ing
contingent on
navigation of
Upper Yangtsze.
"British subjects shall be arrested and punished by Chinese authorities
"according to the laws of China.
"British subjects who may commit any crime in China shall be
"tried and punished by the Consul, or any other public functionary
"authorised thereto, according to the laws of Great Britain,
"Justice shall be equitably and impartially administered on both
"sides."
The words "functionary authorised thereto" are translated in the
Chinese text " British Government."
In order to the fulfilment of its Treaty obligations, the British
Government has established a Suprfeme Court at Shanghai, with a
special code of rules, which it is now about to revise. The Chinese
Government has established at Shanghai a Mixed Court; but the
officer presiding over it, either from lack of power, or dread of
unpopularity, constantly fails to enforce his judgments.
It is now understood that the Tsungli Yamen will write a circular
to the Legations, inviting Foreign Representatives at once to consider
with the Tsungli Yamen the measures needed for the more effective
administration of jusfice at the port open to trade.
(iii.) It is agreed that, vvheriever a crime is committed affecting the
person or property of a British subject, whether in the interior or at the
open ports, the British Minister shall be free to send officers to the spot
to be present at the investigation.
To the prevention of misunderstanding on this. point. Sir Thomas
Wade will write a note to the above effect, to which the Tsungli Yamen
will reply, affirming that this is the course of proceeding to be adhered
to for the time to come.
It is farther understood that so long as the laws of the two
countries differ from each other, there can be but one principle to
guide judicial proceedings in mixed cases in China, namely, that the
case is tried by the official of the defendant's nationality; the official
of the plaintiffs nationality merely attending to watch the proceedings
in the interests of justice. If the officer so attending be dissatisfied
with the proceedings, it will be in his power to protest against them
in detail. The law administered will be the law of the nationality of
the officer trying the case. This is the meaning of the words hui i'ung,
indicating combined action in judicial proceedings, in Article XVI. of
the Treaty of Tientsin; and this is the course to be respectively
followed by the officers of either nationality.
Section III. — Trade.
(i.) With reference to the area within which, according to the
treaties in force, likin ought not to be collected on foreign goods at
the open ports. Sir Thomas Wade agrees to move his Government to
allow the ground rented by foreigners (the so-called Concessions^ at
the different ports, to be regarded as the area of exemption from likin;
and the Government of China will thereupon allow Ich'ang in the
province of Hupei, Wuhu in Anhui, WSnchow in Chekiang, and
Peihai (Pakhoi) in Kwangtung, to be added to the number of ports
open to trade, and to become Consular stations. The British Govern-
ment will farther be free to send officers to reside at Ch'ungk'ing, to
watch the conditions of British trade in Ssuch'uan. British merchants
will not be allowed to reside at Ch'ungk'ing, or to open establishments
or warehouses there, so long as no steamers have access to the port.
When steamers have succeeded in ascending the river so far, farther
arrangements can be taken into consideration.
1*7]
It is further proposed as a measure of compromise that at certain fau to be opened
points on the shore ot the Great River, namely, Tat'ung, and Ngan- on rivov
ching, in the province of Anhui; Huk'ou, in Kiangsi; VVu-sueh, ^''^"Sisy.e
Luchik'ou, and Shashih, in Hukuang ; these being all places of
trade in the interior, at which, as they are not open ports, foreign
merchants are not legally authorised* to land or ship good's, steamers
shall be allowed to touch for the purpose of landing or shipping
passengers or goods; but in all instances by means of native boats only,
and subject to the regulations in force affecting native trade.
Produce accompanied by a half-duty certificate may be shipped imports and
at such points by the steamers, but may not be landed by them for landed and "
sale. And at all such points, except in the case of imports accompanied swpped at tiip
<l UOVB-llfljTTl(?Q
by a transit duty certificate, or expo*rts similarly certificated, which places,
will be severally passed free of h'Ai/i on exhibition of such certificates, ™"'iitioiis.
//Ain will be duly collected on all goods whatever by the native
authorities. Foreign merchants will not be authorised to reside or
open houses of business or warehouses at the places enumerated as
ports of call.
(ii.) At all ports opened to trade, whether by earlier or later J^"'*™™'*™"
^ ' , .' , ^ , ' , , ■'.,,-, to be defined.
agreement, at which no settlement area has been previously denned,
it will be the duty of the British Consul, acting in concert with his
colleagues, the Consuls of other powers, to come to an understanding
with the local authorities regarding the definition of the foreign
settlement area.
(iii.) On opium, Sir Thomas Wade will move his Government to Opium. joint
sanction an arrangement different from that affecting other imports. c°istoms"duty
British merchants, .when opium is brought into port, will be obliged ^dHWm tax
to have it taken cognisance of by the Customs, and deposited in bond, sanction by
either in a warehouse or a receiving hulk, until such time as there is a Government,
sale for it. The importer will then pay the tariff duty upon it, and the
purchasers the /ih'n; in order to the prevention of the evasion of the
duty. The amount of /ikt'n to be collected will be decided by the
different Provincial Governments, according to the circumstances of
each.
(iv.) The Chinese Government agrees that Transit Duty certifi- Transit E^uty^^^
cates« shall be framed uhder one rule at all ports, no difference being framed under
made in the conditions set forth therein; and that so far as imports ^'^^^°™,[^'^''^f
are concerned, the nationality of the person possessing and carrying holder immater-
these is immaterial. Native produce carried from an Inland Centre framed'for '" ''^
to a Port of Shipment, if bona fide intended for shipment to a foreign Export, transit.
port, may be, by treaty, certificated by the British subject interested,
and exempted by payment of the half-duty from all charges demanded
upon it en route. If produce be not the property of a British subject,
or is being carried to a port not for exportation, it is not entitled to the
exemption that would be secured it by the exhibition of a Transit
Duty Certificate. The British Minister is prepared to agree with the
Tsungli Yaraen upon rules that will secure the Chinese Government
against abuse of the privilege as affecting produce.
The words net ti, inland, in the clause of Article VII. of the Rules ^Xu^'^inCi^^
appended to the Tariff, regarding carriage of imports inland, and of in Tariff Rule '
native produce purchased inland, apply as much to places on the sea '
coasts and river shores, as to places in the interior not open to foreign
trade; the Chinese Government having the right to make arrangements
for the prevention of abuses thereat.
* N.B. — In the Chinese text, this sentence reads : " . . . are not
authorised, according to the Ytmgtsze Regulations, to land ii"d ship, etc,"
[ 48 ]
certSte (^O A't'cle XLV. of the Treaty of 1858, prescribes no limit to the
Periodofvaiidity term within which a drawback may be claimed upon duty paid Imports,
extended tothree j-^^ British Minister agrees to a term of ihree years, after expiry of
which no drawback shall be claimed.
New ports and (vi.) The foregoing stipulation, that certain ports are to be o[)ened
be°opS^viU)h° '° foreign trade, and thnt landing and shipping of goods at six places
six months. on the (ireat River is to be sanctioned^ shall be given effect to within
six months after receipt of the Imperial Decree approving the Memorial
of the Grand Secretary Li. The date for giving effect to the stipulations
affecting exemption of imports from /iitn taxation within the foreign
settlements, and the collection of /t'Ai'n upon opium by the Customs'
Inspectorate at the same time "as the Tariff duty upon it, will be fixed
as soon as the British Government has arrived at an understanding on
the subject with other foreign Governments.
Hongkong. (vii.) The Governor of Hongkong having long complained of the
MMeinhig interference of the Canton Customs' Revenue Cruisers with the junk
actionof trade of that Colony, the Chinese Government agrees to the appoint-
cruisers. nient of a Commission, to consist of a British Consul, an ofificer of the
^'""ointed'i' Hongkong Government, and a Chinese ofificial of equal rank, in order
to the establishment of some system that shall enable the Chinese
Government to protect its revenue, without prejudice to the interests
of the Colony.
SEPARATE ARTICLE.
Separate Article. Her Majesty's (iovernment having it in contemplation to send a
Mission of exploration next year by way of Peking through Kansn
Entrance into j t' i xt i r c i > » 'i^i -i i j »i
Ihibet. and Koko-Nor, or by way of Ssuch nan to 1 hibet, and thence to
India, the Tsungli Yamen, having due regarded to the circumstances,
will, when the times arrives, issue the necessary passport.s and will
address letters to the high provincial authorities, and to tlie Resident
in Thibet. If the Mission should not be sent by these routes, but
should be proceeding across the Indian frontier to Thibet, the Tsungli
Yamen, on receipt of a communication to the above effect from the
British Minister, will write to the Chinese Resident in Thibet, arjd the
Resident, with due reg.xrd to the circumstances, will send ofificers to take
due care of tlie Mission; and passports for the Mission will be issued
by the Tsungli Yamen, that its passage be not obstructed.
isih September, Done at Chefoo, in the Province of Shantuns:, this thirteenth
^^''^' day of September, in the year of Our Lord One Thousand Eight
Hundred and Seventy-Six.
[L.S.J (Signed) THOMAS FRANCIS WADE.
[L.S.] (Signed) CHINESE PLENIPOTENTIARY.
I 49 1
FRANCE.
TRAITE D'AMITIE DE COMMERCE ET DE NAVIGATION
CONCLU, LE 24 SEPTEMBRE, 1844, ENTRE LA
FRANCE ET LA CHINE.
Au Palais des Tuileries, le 22 Novembre, 1843.
Louis-Philippe, Roi des Frangais a tous presents et a venir, salut.
Savoir faisons que, entre Nous et Sa Majeste I'Empereur de
Chine, il a ^te a conclu a Whampoa, le 24 Septembre, 1844, un Traite
d'amitid, de commerce et de navigation, suivi d'un tarff des droits
d'importation et d'exportation que les frangais auront a payer dans
les ports chinois.
Traite dont les ratifications ont ete echangees k Macao, le 25
aotit, 1845, ^' dont la teneur suit :
trait6.
Des relations de commerce et de navigation s'etant etablies depuis
longtemps entre la France et la Chine, Sa Majeste I'Empereur des
Frangais et Sa Majeste I'Empereur de Chine ont juge convenable
regulariser I'existence, d'en favoriser ie developpement et d'en perpetuer
la duree. A cet eifet, Leurs Majestds ont rdsolu de conclure un
Traite d'amitie, de commerce, et de navigation, fonde sur I'interet
commun des deux pays, et ont, en consequence, nomme pour leurs pienipo-
Pl^nipotentiaires, savoir : tontiaries.
Sa Majeste I'Empereur des Frangais, M. Thdodose de Lagrdne, M- "^^ LagrgnS.
Commandeur de I'Ordre Imperial de la Legion d'honneur, Grand
Commandeur de I'Ordre du Sauveur de Grece, etc., etc., son Envoye
Extraordinaire et Ministre Pldnipotentiaire :
Et Sa Majesty I'Empereeur de Chine, Ki, Sous-Pr^cepteur du ffi-ying.
Prince Imperial, un des Presidents du conseil de la guerre, Gouverneur
General des deux Kuin, membre de la Famille Imperiale, etc., etc.
Lesquels, apres s'etre communique I'un k I'autre leurs pleins
pouvoirs respectifg, et les avoir trouvds en bonne et due forme, sont
convenus des articles suivants et les ont arretes :
Art. I. — II y aura paix constante et amitie perp^tuelle entre Sa ^^'P'ooity "f
Majeste I'Empereur des Erangais, d'une part, et Sa Majeste I'Empereur protecS."""^
de Chine, d'autre part, ainsi qu'entre les citoyens et sujets des deux
Empires, sans exception de personnes ni de lieux, Tous jouiront,
dans les Etats respectifs des hautes parties contractantes, d'une pleine
et entiere protection pour leurs personnes et leurs proprietes.
Art. II. — Dorenavant les frangais et leurs families sont autorises f^adif^"*'"'^
a se transporter, s'dtablir et se livrer au commerce en toute security, residence.
sans entrave ni restriction aucune, dans les ports et places de Canton,
Emoui, Fou-Chou, Ning-p6, et Chang-Hai. Les navires frangais
pourront commercer librement dans lesdits ports, y sejourner et circuler
de I'un a I'autre, suivant leurs convenances. Mais il leur est formel-
lement interdit de pdn^trer et d'effectuer des operations commerciales
V so ii
dans aucun autre port de la Chine, comma aussl de practiquer sur la
cote des ventes ou des achats clandestins. En cas de contravention
au present article, et sauf les exceptions mentionndes a I'article XXX,
la cargaison desdits navires pourra etre confisqu^e au profit du
gouvernement chinois, leque), toutefois, devra, imm^diatement apres
la saise et avant que la confiscation ne soit l^galement prononcee en
donner avis au consulat fran^ais du port le plus voisin.
tobetnSbief ^RT. III.— Les propri^tds de toute nature appartenantes a des
No French ship' frangais dans les clnq ports seront considerees par les chinois comme
e5iiblm or inviolables, et seront toujours respect^es par eux. L'autoritd chinoise
S^Mby thr "^ pourra, quoi qu'il arrive, mettre embargo sur les navires frangais,
Chinese author- ni les fi'apper de requisition pour quelque service public ou prive que
'■'^^- ce puisse etre.
French Consuls Art. IV. — Sa Majest6 I'Empereur des Fran5ais pourra nommer
eopenpor . ^^^ consuls OU agents consulaires dans chacun des cinq ports susnom-
m6s, pour servir d'interm^diaire entre les autorites chinoises et les
negociants frangais, et veiller a la stricte observation des reglements
stipules. Ces fonctionnaires seront traitds avec les egards et la consi-
deration qui leur sont dus ; leurs rapports et communications officielles
avec I'autorite superieure de leur residence seront dtablis sur le pied
de la plus parfaite 6ga.\it€. S'ils avaient a se plaindre des precedes
de ladite autoritd, its s'adresseront directement au surintendant des
cinq ports ou, a son d^faut, au haut fonctionnaire de la province, qui
examinera mdrement leurs plaintes et y fera droit, s'il y a lieu. En
cas d'absence du consul ou de I'agent consulaire, les capitaines et
negociants frangais auront la faculty de recourir a I'intervention du
consul d'une Puissance amie, ou bien s'il n'y avait pas possibilite de le
faire, de s'adresser directment au chef de la douane, lequel avisera aux
moyens d'assurer auxdits capitaines ou negociants tous les benefices
du present Traits.
French men -oi- Art. V. — II sera loisible a Sa Majeste I'Empereur des Frangais de
port?- *°'""' faire stationner un batiment de guerre dans chacuu des cinq ports, a
I'efTet de maintenir le bon ordre et la discipline parmi les Equipages
des navires marchands, et de faciliter I'exercise de I'autorite consulaire.
Les mesurcs necessaires seront prises pour que la presence des susdits
batiraents de guerre n'entraine aucun inconvenient : et leurs comman-
dants recevront I'ordre de faire ex^cuter les dispositions mentionnees
a I'article XXIII, par rapport aux communications avec la terre et a la
police des Equipages, II est bien entendu, d'ailleurs, que les batiments
de guerre frangais ne sauraient etre frappes d'aucun droit quelconque.
Import and Art. VI. — Les droits d'importation et d'exportation prelev^s dans
according*tr les cinq ports sur le commerce frangais seront reglds conformement au
annexed tariff, (avif annexe au present, sous le sceau et la signature des plenipoten-
to enjoy^right, '^ tiaires respectifs. Moyennant I'acquittement de ces droits, dont il est
subjelte"*? most express^ment interdit d'augmenter le montant a I'avenir, et que ne
'favoured nation pourra aggraver aucune espece de charges ou de surtaxes quelconques,
les frangais seront fibres d'importer en Chine, des ports frangais et
etrangers, et d'exporter ^galement pour toute destination toutes les
marchandises qui ne seront pas, au jour de la signature du present
traite et d'apres la classification du tarif ci-contre. I'objet d'une
prohibition formelle ou d'un monopole special. Le gouvernement
chinois renongant a la faculte d'augmenter par la suite le nombre des
articles reputes contrebande ou monopole, aucune modification ne
pourra etre dor^navant apportde au susdit tarif qu'aprfes une entente
prdalable avec le gouvernement frangais, et de son plein et entier
consentement.
[ 51 j
A I'dgard du tarif, aussi bien que pour toute stipulation introduite
ou a introduire dans les traites existants, ou qui seraient ult^rieure-
ment conclus, il demeure bien et dftment dtabli que les ndgociants, et
en gdndral tous les citoyens frangais en Chine, auront droit, toujours
et partout, au traitement de la nation la plus favorisde.
Art. VII. — Toutes marchandises frangaises apres avoir acquitte Duty-paid
dans I'un des cinq ports les droits de douane liquid^s d'apres le tarif, ffsTcarrie™''™'
pourront etre transportt^es dans I'interieur par les negociants chinois, inland.
sans avoir a subir aucune autre charge suppl^mentaire que le payenient
des droits de transit, suivant le taux moddrd actuellement en vigueur
lesquels droits ne seront susceptibles d'aucune augmentation future.
Si des agents de la douane chinoise, contrairement k la teneur du customs' officers
present_ article et du precedent, exigeaient des retributions ill^gales ou lUg ^'/s to^te
prelevaient des droits plus ^levds, ils seraient punis suivant les lois de punisiied.
I'Empire du Milieu.
Art. VIII. — La publication d'un tarif convenable et r^gulier otant confiscation of
desormais tout prdtexte a la contrebande, il n'est pas k prdsumer ^"ss^^'* s""'^'-
qu'aucun acte de cette nature soit commis par des batiments de
commerce frangais dans les cinq ports. S'il en ^tait autrement, toute
marchandise introduite en contrebande par des navires ou des negociants
frangais dans I'un des ports pr&it^s, quelles que soient d'ailleurs sa
valeur et sa nature, comme aussi toute denr^e prohib^e, ddbarqude
frauduleusement, seronl saisies par I'autoritd locale et confisquees au
profit du gouvernement chinois. En outre, celui-ci pourra, si bon lui
semble, interdire I'entr^e de la Chine au Mtiment surpris en contra-
vention, et le contraindre a partir aussitot aprfes I'apuration de ses
comptes.
Si quelque navire Stranger se couvrait frauduleusement du pavil-
ion de la France, le gouvernement frangais verrait a prendre les
mesures necessaires pour la repression de cet abus.
Art. IX. — La corporation privildgiee, connue precddemment a Freedom of trade
Canton sous le nom de marchands Aongs on hanistes, ayant ete lega- Monojpoues'^^'^'
lement supprimee, les frangais, dans les cinq ports, seront libres forbidden.
dor^navant de traiter de I'achat et de la vente de toute marchandise
d'importation ou d'exportation avec tel suject chinois qu'ils voudront,
sans distinction de classe et sans I'intervention obligde de qui que ce
soit. Aucune autre societe privil^gi^e ne pourra desormais s'dtablir •
non plus qu'aucune coalition organisee dans le but d'exercer un mono-
pole sur le commerce. En cas de contravention au present, I'autorite
chinoise, sur les representations du consul ou agent consulaire, aviserait
au moyen de dissoudre de semblables associations dont elle s'efforcera
d'ailleurs de prdvenir I'existence par des prohibitions prdalables, afin
d'ecarter tout ce qui pourrait atteinte a la libre concurrence.
Art. X. — Si des chinois, k I'avenir, deviennent debiteurs de f„°^gbte^''°^'^'^"
capitaines ou de negociants frangais et leur font ^prouver des pertes Neither govern-
par fraude ou de toute autre maniere, ceux-ci n'auront plus a se for'ind1v?duai'''°
prdvaloir de la solidarite qui r^sultait de I'ancien ^tat de choses ; ils debts.
pourront seulement s'adresser, par I'entremise de leur consul, a I'auto-
rite locale, qui ne ndgligera rien, apres avoir examine I'affaire, pour
contraindre les prdvenus k satisfaire a leurs engagements, suivant la
loi du pays. Mais si le d^biteur ne peut etre retrouve, s'il est mort
ou en faillite, et s'il ne reste rien pour payer, les negociants frangais
ne pourront point appeler I'autorite chinoise en guarantie.
En cas de fraude ou de non-payement de la part des negociants
frangais, le consul pr^tera de la meme maniere assistance au redamant,
D I
r 52 T
sans que, toutefois, ni lui ni son gouvernement puissent en aucune
fagon ttte rendus responsables.
Engagement of ^RT. XI. — Lorsqu'un Mtimcnt frangais arrivera dans les eaux de
*" ° ^' I'un des cinq ports ouverts au commerce, il aura la faculty d'engager
tel pilote qu'il lui conviendra, pour se faire conduire imm^diatenient
dans le port; et, de meme, quand, apres avoir acquitt^ toutes les
charges l^gales, il sera pret a mettre a la voile, on ne pourra davantage
lui refuser des pilotes pour le sortir du port sans retard ni delai.
Tout individu qui voudra exercer la profession de pilote pour les
bitiments frangais pourra, sur la presentation de trois certificats de
capitaines de navire, etre commission^ par le consul de France de la
mSme manifere que cela se praliquerait pour d'autres nations.
La retribution a payer au pilote sera r^glde selon I'equite, pour
chaque port en particulier, par le consul ou agent consulaire, lequel la
fixera convenablement, en raison de la distance parcourue et des
circonstances de la navigation.
Customs' officers Art. XII. — Des que le pilote aura introduit un navire de com-
•TuardTFrendi merce fran-jais dans le port, le chef de la douane ddleguera un ou deux
ship on her proposes pour surveiUer le navire et empecher qu'il ne se pratique
allowed. ° "^^ aucune fraude. Ces preposes pourront, selon leur convenance, rester
dans leur propre bateau ou se tenir k bord du batiment ; les frais de
leur solde, nourriture et entretien, seront a la charge de la douane
chinoise, et ils ne pourront exiger aucune indemnite ou retribution
quelconque du capitaine ou du consignataire. Toute contravention a
ces dispositions entrainera une punition proportionnelle au montant de
I'exaction, laquelle, en outre, sera intdgralement restitute.
Ship's papers to Art. XIII. — Dans les vingt-quatre heures qui suivront I'arriv^e
consufforreport d'un navire de commerce frangais dans un des cinq ports, le capitaine,
to Superintend- g'ii n'est ddment empSche, et a son defaut, le subrecareue ou le
unt of Customs. • ^ ■ j j i..jt^ r
consignataire, devra se rendre au consulat de France, et remettre
entre les mains du consul les papiers de bord, les connaissements et le
manifeste; dans le vingt-quatre heures suivantes, le consul enverra
au chef de la douane une note detailiee indiquant le nom du navire, le
role d'equipage, le tonnage Idgal du batiment et la nature de son
Fine for delay, chargement. Si, par suite de la negligence du capitaine, cette derniere
formalite n'avait pu etre accomplie dans les quarante-huit heures qui
suivront I'arrivee du navire, le capitaine sera passible d'une amende
de cinquante piastres par jour de retard, au profit du gouvernement
chinois ; ladite amende, toutefois, ne pourra d^passer la somme de
deux cents piastres.
Permit to open Aussitot apres la reception de la note tiansmise par le consulat, le
hatches ; penalty chef de la douane ddlivrera le permis d'ouvrir la cale. Si le capitaine,
for dischargmg ^ j, • , • ' v -.^ . . f *-)
without permit, avant d avoir regu le permis precite, avait ouvert sa cale at commence
a ddcharger, il pourra etre condamne k une amende de cinq cents
piastres, et les marchandises ddbarqu^s pourront etre saisies, le tout
if she^hasnot^' au profit du gouvemement chinois.
taken out a ^rx, XIV.— Tout biliment francais entre dans un port de Chine.
permit to open , • , ■ . ^ / ^ • , i ^, ^ . '
hatches, may et qui na point encore leve le permis de debarquement mentionne
twHaystom P^u^ bas a I'article XVI, pourra, dans les deux jours de son arrivee,
her arrival quitter le port ct se rendre dans un autre sans avoir a payer ni droit
Tonnage o?'''"^ de tonnage ni droit de douane, attendu qu'il les acquittera uUerieure-
customs' Dues, ment dans le port ou il effectuera la vente de ses marchandise.
Tonnage Dues. Art. XV. — Aprbs I'expiration des deux jours susmentionnes, et
S™ptfm'°*^ avant de proc^der au dechargement, chaque batiment de commerce
therefrom. frangais acquittera intdgralement les droits de tonnage ainsi regies :
passengera^o'?^ pour les navlres de cent cinquante tonneaux de la jauge idgale et
t 53 1
au-dessus, a raison de cinq maces (un demi-tael) par tonneau ; pour Duty-free
les navires jaugeant moins de cent cinquante tonneaux, a raison de un fromTonnage''
mace (un dexifeme de tael) per tonneau. Toutes les retributions et Dues,
surcharges additionnelles, antdrieurement imposdes a I'arrivde et au
depart, sont expressdment supprirades et en pourronfetre remplacdes
par aucune autre.
Lois du payement du droit precite, le chef de la douane ddlivrera
au capitaine ou consignataire un re§u en forme de certificat constatant
que le droit de tonnage a 6t6 integralement acquitt^ ; et, sur I'exhibition
de ce certificat au chef de la douane de tout autre des cinq ports oh il
lui conviendrait de se rendre, le capitaine sera dispense de payer de
nouveau pour son l.atiment le droit de tonnage, tout navire frangais ne
devant en etre passible qu'une seule fois a chacun de ses voyages d'un
pays Stranger en Chine.
Sont exemptds du droit de tonnage les barques, goelettes, bateaux
caboteurs et autres embarcations frangaises, pontics ou non pontdes,
employees aux transports des passagers bagages, lettres, comestibles,
et gdndralement de tous objets non sujets aux droits. Si lesdites
embarcations transportaient en outre des marchandises, elles rentreraient'
dans la categoric des navires jaugeants moins de cent cinquante tonneaux,
et payeraient a raison de un dixibme de tael (un mace) par tonneau.
Les ndgociants frangais pourront toujours affrdter des jonques et autres
embarcations chinoises, lesquelles ne seront soumises a aucun droit de
tonnage.
Art. XVI. — Toutes les fois qu'un ndgociant francais aura des Permits for
marchandises a embarquer ou a debarquer, il devra d'abord en remettre lanafng^goods
la note detaill^e au consul ou agent cousulaire, qui chargera immddi-
atement un interprete reconnu du consulat d'en donner communication
au chef de la douane. Celui-ci delivrera sur-le-champ un permis
d'embarquement ou de debarquement. II sera alors proc^d^ a la
verification des marchandises dans la forme la plus convenable pour
qu'il n'y ait chance de perte pour aucune des parties.
Le negociant francais devra se faire repr^senter sur le lieu de la Mode of fixing
v^rfication (s'il ne pr^ffere y assister lui meme) par une personne ™bjeot'to°ad^
r^unissant les qualites requises, a i'effet de veiller a ses intdrets au ■valorem duty.
moment oti il sera proc6d6 a cette verification pour la liquidation des
droits; faute de quoi, toute reclamation ulterieure restera nulle et non
avenue.
En ce qui concerne les marchandises taxdes ad valorem, si le
negociant ne peut tomber d'accord avec I'employ^ chinois sur la valeur
a fixer, chaque partie appellera deux ou trois n^gociants charges d'ex-
aminer les marchandises, et le prix le plus elev^ qui sera ofiert par Tun
d'eux sera repute constituer la valeur reelle desdites marchandises.
Les droits seront pr^leves sur le poids net : on deduira, en cons^- ''".'y ?" "l^' ,
V. V It r.* 1 / • J. r • weight. Mode
quence, le poids der emballages et contenants. bi le negociant Irangais of settling tare.
ne peut s'entendre avec I'employ^ chinois sur la fixation de la taxe,
chaque partie choisira un certain nombre de caisses et de ballots parmi
les colls, objets du litige; ils seront d'abord pesds brut, puis taxds,
ensuite, et la taxe moyenne des colis pesds servira de taxe pour tous
les autres.
Si pendant le cours de la verification, il s'^lfeve quelque difficull^ Disputes be-
qui ne puisse etre resolue, le negociant frangais pourra rdclamer oEra'i'Si'""^
I'intervention du- consul, lequel porlera sur-le-champ I'objet de la merchants.
contestation k la connaissance du chef des douanes, et tous deux
s'efforceront d'arriver a un arrangement amiable. Mais le reclamation
deyra avoir Ijeu dans les virigt-quatre heures, sinon il n'y sera pas
[ 64 3
Duty on
damaged goods.
Duty on part of
merchandise
discharged.
Duty paid
imports
re-exported.
Confiscation in
rase of fraud.
Import duties
on landing,
export duties on
sliipping goods
Port Clearance,
Duties be paid
into authorized
banks'
Standards of
weights and
measures.
donnd suite. Tant que le jugement de la contestation restera pendant,
le chef de la douane n'en portera pas I'objet sur ses livres, laissant ainsi
toute latitude pour Texaraen et la solution de la difficult^.
Les marchandises import^es qui auraient ^prouv^ des avaries
jouiront d'une reduction de droits proportionnelle k leur ddprdciation :
celle-ci sera d6termin6e ^quitablement, et, s'il le faut, par expertise
contradictoire, ainsi qu'il a 6l6 stipule plus haut pour la fixation des
droits ad valorem.
Art. XVIL— Tout navire frangais entrd dans I'un des cinq ports,
et qui voudra n'y d^charger qu'une partie de ses marchandises, ne
payera les droits de douane que pour la partie ddbarque; il pourra
transporter le reste de sa cargaison dans un autre port et I'y vendre.
Les droits seront alors acquittds.
Dans le cas oil des frangais, apr^s avoir acquittd dans un port les
droits sur des marchandises, voudraient les rdexporter et aller les
vendre dans un autre port, ils en pr^viendront le consul ou agent
consulaire ; celui-ci, de son c6t6 en informera le chef de la douane
lequel, aprds avoir constat^ I'identite de la marchandise et la parfaite
Intdgrit^ des colis, remettra aux r^clamants une declaration attestante
que les droits afKrents auxdites marchandises ont ^t^ effectivement
acquittds. Munis de cette declaration, les negociants frangais n'auront
a leur arriv^e dans I'autre port, qu'k la presenter, par I'entremise du
consul, au chef de la douane, qui delivera pour cette partie de la
cargaison, sans retard et sans frais, un permis de debarquement en
franchise de droits. Mais si I'autoritd ddcouvrait de la fraude ou de
la contrebande parmi les marchandises ainsi r^exportdes, celles-ci
seraient, apres verification, confisqu^es au profit du gouvernement
chinoise.
Art. XVIII. — II est ^tabli, de commun accord, que les droits
d'importation seront acquittds par les capitaines ou ndgociants frangais
au fur et a mesure du debarquement des marchandises et apr^s leur
verification: les droits d'exportation le seront de la meme manidre lors
de I'embarquement. Lorsque les droits de tonnage et de douane dus
par un batiment frangais auront iX.i integralement acquitt^s. le chef
de la douane deiivrera une quittance generale, sur I'exhibition de
laquelle le consul rendra ses papiers de bord au capitaine, et lui
permettra de mettre a la voile.
Le chef de la douane d^signera une ou plusieurs maisons de change
qui seront autorisdes a recevoir les sommes dues par les negociants
frangais au compte du gouvernement, et les recepisses de ces maisons
de change, pour tons les paiement qui leur auront ete fails, seront
reputes acquits du gouvernement chinois. Ces paiements pourront
s'operer, soit en lingots, soit en monnaies dtrangeres dont le rapport
avec I'argent syce sera determine, de commun accord, entre le consul ou
agent consulaire frangais, et le chef de la douane dans les differents
ports, suivant le temps, le lieu et les circonstances.
Art. XIX. — Dans chacun des cinq ports, le chef de la douane
recevra pour lui-m6me et deposera au .consulat frangais, des balances
legales pour les marchandises et pour I'argent, ainsi qui des poids et
des mesures exactement conformes aux poids et mesures en usage k la
douane de Canton, et revetus d'une estampille et d'un cachet constatant
cette conformitte. Ces etalons seront la base de toutes les liquidations
de droits et de tons les paiements ^ faire'au gouvernement chinois.
On y aura recours en cas de contestation sur le poids et la mesure des
marchandises, et il sera statue d'aprfes les resultats qu'ils auront donnas
I S5 J
Art. XX. — Aucun transbordement de marchandises ne pourra Goods tranship-
avoir lieu que sur permis special at dans un cas d'urgence. S'il devient fpliai'^permit
indispensable d'effectuer cette operation, il devra en etre r6{6r6 au confiscated,
consul, qui ddlivreia un certificat sur le vu duquel le transbordennent
sera autoris^ par le chef de la douane. Celui-ci pourra toujours
deleguer un employ^ de son administration pour y assister. Tout
transbordement non autoris^, sauf le cas de peril en la demeure,
entrainera la confiscation, au profit du gouvernement chinois, de la
totality des marchandises illicitement transborddes.
Art, XXI. — Les capitaines et n^gociants frangais pourront louer No monopoly or
telles especes d'alleges et d'embarcations qu'il leur plaira pour trans- cargo^boatsoi- "
porter des marchandises et des passagers, et la retribution k payer porters,
pour ces alleges sera regime de gr^ a gre par les parties intdress^es,
sans I'intervention de" I'autorite chinoise, et par cons^quant sans sa
garantie en cas d'accident de fraude ou de disparition desdites alleges,
Le nombre n'en sera point limit^; et le monopole n'en pourra etre
concede a qui que ce soit, non plus que celui du transport par portefaix
des marchandises a embarquer ou a debarquer.
Art. XXII. — Tout frangais qui, conform^ment aux stipulations in the open ports
de I'article II, arrivera dans I'un des cinq ports, pourra, quelle que ma™buy"bund'
soit la duree de son sdjour, y louer des maisons et des magasins pour "l^^^^}"^^"^'
deposer ses marchandises, ou bien affermer des terrains et y batir worsiiip, etc,
lui-meme des maisons et des magasins. Les frangais pourront de la
meme maniere, ^tablir des ^glises, des hopitaux, des hospices, des
^coles et des cimetieres. Dans ce but, Tautorit^ locale, apres s'Stre
concertde avec le consul, d^signera les quartiers les plus convenables
pour la residence des frangais, et les endroits dans lesquels pourront
avoir lieu les constructions prdcitees. Le prix des loyers et des fermages
sera librement d^battu entre les parties int^ressdes et regie, autant
que faire se pourra, conform^ment k la moyenne des prix locaux.
Les autorit^s chinoises empecheront leurs nationaux de surfaire ou
d'exiger des prix exorbitants, et le consul, de son c6te, veillera k ce que
les fran^ais n'usent pas de violence ou de contrainte pour forcer le
consentement des propridtaires. II est bien entendu, d'ailleurs, que le
nombre des maisons et I'etendue des terrains a affecter aux frangais
dans les cinq ports ne seront point limit^s, et qu'ils seront determines
d'apres les besoins et les convenances des avants droit. Si des chinois
violaient ou ddtruisaient des eglises ou des cimetieres frangais, les
coupables seraient punis suivant toute la rigueur des lois du pays.
Art. XXIII, — Les frangais r^sidants ou de passage dans un des Bight of
cinq ports pourront circuler daps leur voisinage immediat et y vaquer f,™g^bourhood
a leur occupation aussi librertjent que les nationaux. Mais ils ne of tiie open ports
pourront depasser certaines li^iites, qui seront fix^es de commun
accord entre le consul et I'autorite locale, ni, sous aucun prdtexte, se
livrer a des operations commerciales en dehors ces limites. Celles-ci
seront dgalement respectees par l^s equipages des batiments frangais,
mouilies dans chacun desdits portsf Quand des n>atelots descendront a
terre, ils seront soumis a des rfeglements de discipline speciale qui
seront arretes par le consul et communiques a I'autorite locale, de
maniere k privenir, autant que possible, toute occasion de quferelle
entre les navires frangais et les gens du pays.
Si, contrairement aux prdsentes dispositions, des fran§ais, quels
qu'ils soient, s'aventuraient en dehors des limites ou penetraient au
loin dans I'interieur, ils pourront etre arretes par I'autorite chinoise,
laquelle, dans ce cas, sera tenue de les faire conduire au consulat
fran^ais du port le plus voisin ; mais il est formellement interdit a tout
£ S6 3
individu quelconque de frapper, de blesser on de maltraiter en ancun e
manifere les frangais ainsi arrSt^s, de peur de troubler la bonne harmonic
qui droit r^gner entre les deux empires.
French subOTte^ ^^"^^ XXIV. — Les frangais, dans les cinq ports, pourront choisir
may hire Chinese Hbrement et k prix d^battu entre les parties, ou sous la seule interven-
pr6lers*Vo°*and ''O*^ ^^ consul, des compradors, interpretes, ^crivains, ouvriers, bateliers
may teach for- et domestlques ; ils auront, en outre, la faculty d'engager des lettr6s
eign anguages. ^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ apprendre a parler ou a ^crire la langue chinoise et toute
autre langue ou dialecte usites dans I'empire, comme aussi de se faire
aider par eux, soit pour leurs ^critures, soit pour des travaux scientifiques
du littdraires. lis pourront dgalement enseigner a tout sujet clainois
la langue du pays ou des langues dtrangbres, et vendre sans obstacle
des livres frangais, ou acheter eux-memes tout sortes des livres chinois.
Disputes Art. XXV. — Lorsqu'un citoyen frangais aura quelque sujet de
sn^cbfnese'"' plainte ou quelque reclamation a formuler contre un chinois, il devra
auWeots. d'abord exposer ses griefs au consul, qui aprfes avoir examin6 I'aifaire,
s'efforcera de I'arranger aimablement. De meme, quand un chinois
aura k se plaindre d'un frangais, le consul ^coutera sa reclamation
avec interSt et cherchera a manager un arrangement aimable. Mais
si, dans I'un ou I'autre cas, la chose dtait impossible, le consul requerra
I'assistance d'un fonctionnaire chinois competent, et tout deux, apres
avoir examin^ conjointement I'affaire, statueront suivant I'dquitd.
Protection of Art. XXVI. — Si dor^navant des citoyens frangais, dans un des
(md"pK)perty°*^ cinq ports, eprouvaient quelque dommage, ou s'ils etaient I'objet de
frominsuitand quelque insulte ou vexation de la part de sujets chinois, ceux-ci seront
poursuivis par I'autorit^, locale, pui prendra les mesures n^cessaires pour
la defense et la protection des frangais. A bien plus forte raison si
des malfaiteurs, ou quelque partie ^garde de la population, tentaient
de piller, de d^truire ou d'incendier les maisons, les magasins des
frangais ou tout autre ^tablissement form^ par eux, la meme autorit^,
soit k la requisition du consul, soit de son propre mouvement, enverrait
en toute hite la force armde pour dissiper I'^meute, s'emparer des
coupables et les livrer a toute la s^vdrite des lois : le tout sans prejudice
des poursuites a exercer par qui de droit pour indemnisation des pertes
6pT0uv6es.
French criminals ART. XXVII. — Si, malheureusement, il s'^levait quelque rixe ou
edby'r^enoh*' quelque querelle entre des fran9ais et des chinois, comme aussi dans
co^^^jChinese le cas oil, durant le cours d'une semblable querelle, un ou plusieurs
Chinese author!- individus seraient tu^s ou blesses, soit par des coups de feu, soit
*'*'• autrement, les chinois seront arrgtds par I'autorite chinoise, qui se
chargera de les faire examiner et punir, s'il y a lieu conform6ment aux
lois du pays. Quant aux fran^ais, il seront arrgtds a la diligence du
consul, et celui-ci prendera toutes les mesures n^cessaires pour que
les pr^venus soient livres a I'action rdgutiere des lois frangaises, dans
la forme et suivant les dispositions qui seront ult^rieurement determin^es
par le gouvernement frangais.
II en sera de mSme en toute circonstance analogue et non pr^vue
dans la pr^sente Convention, le principe 6tant que, pour la repression
des crimes et ddlits commis par eux dans les cinq ports, les francais
seront constamment regis par la loi frangaise.
Disputes Art. XXVIII. — Les frangais qui se trouveront dans les cinq
subTects.^d"" ports dependront egalement, pour toutes les difficultes ou les contesta-
tatween French tions qui pourraient s'eiever entre eux, de la juridiction frangaise. En
othertore^ners. cas de differends survenus entre frangais et etrangers, il est bien stipule
que I'autorite chinoise n'aura k s'en m^ler d'aucune mauiere. Elle
[ 57 J
n'aura pareillement k exercer aucune action sur les navires marchands
frangais: ceux-ci ne releveront que de Tautoritd frangaise et du capitaina
Art. XXIX. — Dan le cas oh. des navires de commerce fran9is Arrest and
seraient attaquds ou pilles par des pirates dans les parages dependant pirates attacking
de la Chine, I'autoritI civile et militaire de lieu le plus rapprochd, des French ships.
qu'elle aura connaissance du fait, en poursuivra activement les auteurs
et ne ndgligera rien pour qu'ils soient arretds et punis conformdment
aux lois. Les marchandises enlevdes, en quelque lieu et dans quelque
dtat qu'elles se retrouvent, seront remises entre les mains du consul,
qui se chargera de les restituer aux ayants droit. Si I'on ne peut
s'emparer des coupables ni recouvrir la totalit(^ des objects vol^s, leB
fonctionnaires chinois subiront la peine infligee par la loi en semblable
circonstance, mais ils ne sauraient etre rendus p^cuniairement res-
ponsables.
Art XXX. — Tout batiment de guerre frangais croisant pour la French ships of
protection du commerce sera regu en ami et traiti comme tel dans les portro/chhw"''
ports de Chine, oh. il se prdsentera, Ces biltiments pourronts s'y procurer Merchant ships
les divers objects de rechange et de ravitaillement dont ils auraient a"sisted?^ '" ^
besoin, et s'ils ont fait des avaries, les rdparer et acheter, dans ce but,
les mat^riaux n&essaires, le tout sans la moindre opposition.
II en sera de meme a regard des navires de commerce frangais
qui, par suite d'avaries majeures ou pour toute autre cause, seraient
contraints de chercher refuge dans quelque port chinois que ce flit.
Si quelqu'un de ces bitiments venait a se perdre sur la cote,
I'autorite chinoise la plus proche, des quelle en serait inform^e, porterait
sur-le-charap assistance a I'^quipage, pourvirait a ses premiers besoins,
et prendrait les mesures d'urgence necessaires pour le sauvetage du
navire et la preservation des merchandises. Puis elle porterait le tout
a la connaissance du consul, ou agent consulaire le plus a port^e du
sinistre, pour que celui-ci de concert avec I'autorite comp^tente, p<!lt
aviser aux moyens de rapatrier I'^quipage et de sauver les debris du
navire et de la cargaison.
Art. XXXI. — S'il arrive que des matelots ou autres individus Mutual extradi.
ddsertent des bitiments de guerre ou s'^vadent des navires de com- *'™j?^?j^g^i*^'"''*
merce frangais, I'autoritd chinoise, sur la requisition du consul ou, h
son d^faut, du capitaine, fera tous ses efforts pour ddcouvrir et restituer
sur-le-champ, entre les mains de I'un ou de I'autre, les susdits ddserteurs
ou fugitifs.
Pareillement, si des chinois ddserteurs ou prevenus de quelque
crime vont se r^fugier dans des maisons frangaises ou a bord de navires
appartenant h. des Frangais, I'autorite locale s'adressera au consul, qui,
sur la preuve de la culpabilite des prevenus, prendra immediatement
les mesures necessaires pour que leur extradition soil effectuee; de part
et d'autre, on dviters soigneusement tout recel et toute connivence.
Art XXXII. — Dans le cas ou, par la suite des temps, la Chine „ar with sny
entrerait en guerre avec une autre puissance, cette circonstance ne 9"\*'' Pps;^''' '''^
° . ... 11-1^ 1 i^i • trade of France
porterait aucune attemte au libre commerce de la France avec la Chine with either shall
ou avec la nation ennemie. Les navires frangais poiirront toujours, ed'except*bTin*
sauf le cas de blocus effectif, circuler sans obstacle des ports de I'une «''«'="™
aux ports de I'autre, y trafiquer comme a I'ordinaire, et y importer ou
en exporter toute espfece de marchandises non prohibfees.
Art. XXXIII.— Desormais les correspondences officielles entre ^d'^comspoS'^
les autorites et les fonctionnaires des deux pays seront rfegl^es suivant ence.
les rangs et les positions respectives, d'aprhs la base de la rfeciprocitb
la plus absolue. Ces correspondances auront lieu entre les hauls
fonctionnaires frangais et les hauls fonctionnaires chinois, dans la
[ 58 ]
Mode of
trftnsmitting
despatches.
Revision of
g resent Treaty,
onsuls, etc.,uot
subject to obliga-
tion not express-
ed in present
Treaty. Prenoli
subjects to enjoy
immunities
granted to other
foreigners.
Exchange of
ratifications.
!l4th Oct., 1844,
capitals ou ailleurs, pur dep'eche ou communication; entre les fonction-
naires frangais en sous-ordre et les hautes authorites chinoises des
provinces, pour les premiers par expose, pour les seconds •psa declartion;
entre les officiers en sous-ordre des deux nations, conime il est dit.plus
haut, sur le pied d' une parfaite ^galit^.
Les ndgociants, et g^n^ralement tous les individus qui n' ont point
de caractere officiel, se serviront r^ciproquement de la formule
riprisentation dans toutes les pieces adress^es ou destinies pour renseig-
nement aux autorit^s respectives.
Toutes les fois qu'un frangais aura a recourir a I'autorit^ chinoise,
sa representation devra d'abord etre soumise au consul, qui, si elle lui
paralt raisonable et convenablement r^digfee, lui donnera suite, et qui,
s'il en est autreraent, en fera modifier la teneur ou refusera de la
transmettre. Les chinois, de leur cotfe, lorsqu'ils auront a s'adresser
au consulat, devront suivre une marche analogue aupres de I'autorite
chinoise, laquelle agira de la meme maniere.
Art, XXXIV. — Si, dorenavant, le gouvernement de la Majeste
I'Empereur des Frangais avait a envoyer quelques depeches a la cour
de P6kin, elles seront transmises a leur destination par Tentremise du
surintendant des cinq ports charg^ de la direction des relations
ext^rieures de la Chine, ou, a son d^faut, de I'un des vice-rois des
province du littoral, a qui le chef de I'etablissement consulaire fran9ais
les fera parvenir. Les memes formalites seraient observ^es pour la
transmission des rdponses de la cour de P6kin.
Art. XXXV. — Sa Majesty I'Empereur des Fran9ais, si par la
suite il jugeait convenable d'apporter des modifications a quelques-unes
des clauses du present traitd, sera libre d'ouvrir, a cette effet, des
ndgociations avec le gouvernment chinois, aprds un intervalle de
douze ann^es revolues, a partir de I'dchange des ratifications. II est
d'ailleurs entendu qui toute obligation non consignee express^ment
dans la prdsente Convention ne sauia etre imposde aux consuls ou
agents consulaires frangais, non plus qu'a leurs nationaux, tandis que,
comme il a €t^ stipule, les frangais jouiront detous les droits, privileges,
immunitds et garanties quelconque qui aurait etfe ou seraient accordes
par le gouvernment chinois a d'autres puissances.
Art. XXXVL— Les ratifications du present Trait^ d'amitie, de
commerce, et de navigation seront echangfees dans I'intervalle d'un an,
a partir du jour de la signature, ou plus tot si faire se pent, par Sa
Majeste I'Empereur des Fraiigais et Sa Majeste I'Empereur de Chine.
En foi de quoi, les Plenipotentiaires respectifs ont signe le present
Traite, et ont apposfe leurs cachets.
Signe et scelie par les Plenipotentiaires respectifs, a Whampoa, a
bord de la corvette frangaise a vapeur t' ArchimMe, le 24 jour du mois
d'Octobre de I'an de grice 1844,- correspondant au i3eme jour de la ge
lune de la 246 annee de Tao-Kuan.
[L.S.] (Signe). T. DeLAGR6n6.
[L.S.] (Signe) KI.
[ 59 )
TREATY OF PEACE, FRIENDSHIP, COMMERCE, AND
NAVIGATION BETWEEN FRANCE AND CHINA.
Signed, in the French and Chinese Languages, at Tientsin, 2'^thjune, 1858.
Ratifications exchanged at Peking, 25th October, i860.
Sa Majeste I'Empereur des Fran9ais, et Sa Majeste rEmpereur de
la Chine, animes I'un et Tautredu d^sirde mettreun terme aux differends
qui se sont ^levds entie les deux Empires, et voiilant rdtablir et amdliorer
las relations d'amitie,'de commerce, et de navigation qui ont exists entre
les deux puissances, comme aussi en r^gulariser rexistence, en favoriser
le ddveloppement, et en perpetuer la durfe, ont rdsolu de conclure un
nouveau Traite bas^ sur I'int^ret comniun des deux pays, et ont en
consequence nommd pour leurs Plenipotentiaires, savoir:
Sa Majestd I'Empereur des Fiangais, le Sieur Jean Baptiste Louis, Pienipo-
Baron Gros, Grand Officier de la Legion d'Honneur, Grand-Croix de BTrmtos
rOrdre du Sauveur de Grfece, Comraandeur de I'Ordre de la Conception
de Portugal, etc., etc., etc.;
Et Sa Majesty I'Empereur de la Chine, Kouei-Liang, HautCommis- Kwemang.
saire Imperial de la Dynastie Ta-'Tsing, Grand Ministre du Palais
Oriental, Directeur-General du Conseil de Justice, etc., etc., etc., et
Houa-cha-na, Haut Commissaire Imperial de la Dynastie 'J "a-'Tsing, Hwastana
President du Conseil des Finances, General de I'Arm^e Sino-Tartare, de
la Banniere a bord d'azur, etc., etc., etc.;
Lesquels, apres avoir ^change leurs pleins pouvoirs, qu'ils ont trouvds
en bonne et due forme, sont convenus des Articles suivants: —
Art. I. — II y aura paix constante et amitid perpetuelle entre Sa Bfciprooityof
Majeste I'Enipereur des Frangais et Sa Majesty I'Empereur de la Chine, protection.™
ainsi qu'entre les sujets des deux Empires sans exception de personnes
ni de lieux. lis jouiront tous egalement dans les etats respectifs des
iiautes parties contractantes d'une pleine et entifere protection pour
leurs personnes et leurs proprietds.
Art. II. — Pour maintenir la paix si heureusement rdtablie entre French Embassy
les deux Empires, il a €x€ convenu entre les hautes parties contrac- ^simi^prfviie^r
tantes qu'a I'exeniple de ce qui se pratique chez les nations de I'Occident, and the same
les agents diplomatiques dtiment accr^dites par Sa Majesty I'Empereur aifpeking^as '°^
des Frangais aupres de Sa Miijcstd I'Empereur de la Chine pourront se dors^MSS^to
rendre ^ventuellement dans la capitale de I'Empire lorsque des affaires be tome by
imprirtantes les y appelleront. II est convenu entre les hautes parties n^dster S"™^°
contractantes que si I'une des puissances qui ont un traits avec ]aFr™™onsame
Chine, obtenait pour ses agents diplomatiques le droit de residera poste °° ™^'
fixe a Pekin, la France jouirait iinmddiatement du droit dont il est parle
ei-dessus.
Lhs agents diplomatiques jouiront reciproquement, dans le lieu de
leur residence, des privileges et immunitds que leur accorde le droit des
gens, c'est-a-dire, qne leurs personnes, leurs families, leurs maisons, et
leur correspondance seront inviolables; qu'ils pourront prendre a leur
service les employes, courriers, interpretes, serviteTars,.etc., etc., qui leur
seront necessaires.
[ 60 ]
Les d^penses de toute espbce qu'occasionneront les missions diplo-
matiques de France en Chine seront supportdes par le gouvernement
fran^ais. Les agents diplomatiquesqu'il plaira a Sa Majestd I'Empereur
de la Chine d'accrdditer aupifes de Sa Majesty I'Empereur des Frangais
seront re^us en France avec tous les honneurs et toutes les prerogatives
dont jouissent, a rang ^gal, les agents diplomatiques des autres nations
accreditees a ia cour de Sa Majestd I'Empereur des Frangais.
Official corres- Art. III. — Les Communications officielles des agents diplomatiques
FnFrenchwith ^^ consulaires fran^ais avec les autorit^s chinoises seront ecrites en
Chinese version: frangais, mais seront accompagnees, pour faciliter le service, d'une
iviVSeidas"' traduction chinoise aussi exacte que possible, jusqu'au moment oh. le
<^o"?<=t- This is Gouvernement Imperial de Pekin ayant des interprfetes pour parler et
present Treaty, ^crire correctement le frangais, la correspondance diplomatique aura
lieu dans cette langue pour les agents frangaise, et en chinois pour les
fonctionnaires de ['empire. II est convenu que jusque la et en cas de
dissidence dans I'interpretation a donner au texte frangais et au texte
chinois au sujet des clauses arret^es d'avance dans les Conventions faites
de commun accord, ce sera toujours le texte original et non la traduction
qui fera foi. Cette disposition est applicable au present traite, et dans
les communications entre les autoritds des deux pays ce sera toujours le
texte original et non la traduction qui fera foi.
Modes of address Art. IV. — Desormais les correspondances officielles entre les auto-
ence?"™^:?™^* "'^* ^^ ^^® fonctionnaires des deux pays seront regimes suivant les rangs
subject will et les positions respectives, et d'aprfes les bases de la rdciprocite la plus
nese Mithorities absolue. Ces correspondances auront lieu entre les hauts fonctionnaires
•■'■[""gi^^ Con- fra.n(;ais et les hauts fonctionnaires chinois dans la capitale ou ailleurs,
will address the par depeche ou communication; entre les fonctionnaires fran^ais en sous
through'^the Chi. ordre et les hautes autorites des provinces, pour les premiers par expose
iiese authorities. (^^), pour les seconds par declaration (^Jfr)-
Entre les officiers en sous ordre des deux nations, comme il est dit
plus haut, sur le pied d'une parfaite egalite.
Les negociants, et generalement tous les individus qui n'ont pas de
caractfere officiel, se serviront reciproquement de la formule representation
(^) dans toutes les pieces adressees ou destinees pour renseignements
aux autorites respectives.
Toutes les fois qu'un frangais aura a recourir k I'autorite chinoise
sa representation devra d'abord etre soumise au consul, qui, si elle
parait raisonable et convenablement redigee, lui donnera suite, et qui,
s'il en est autrement, en fera modifier la teneur ou refusera de la
transmettre. Les chinois, de leur cote, lorsqu'ils auront k s'adresser au
consulat, devront suivre une marche mologue auprfes de I'autorite
chinoise, laquelle agira de la meme maniere.
French Consuls Art. V. — Sa Majeste I'Empereur des Frangais pourra nommer des
ST'^ Provisi°on*^ consuls OU des agents consulaires dans les ports de mer ou de rivifere
in 'case of com- de I'empire chinois, denommes dans I'article VI du present traite, pour
them*aijd^°case servir d'intermediaire entre les autorites chinoises et les negociants et
of their absence, jes sujets frangais, et veiller a la stricte observation des reglements
stipules. Ces fonctionnaires seront traites avec la consideration et les
egards qui leur sont dfts. Leurs rapports avec les autorites du lieu de
leur residence seront etablis sur le pied de la plus parfaite egalite. S'ils
avaient a se plaindre des precedes de la dite autorite, ils s'addresseiaient
directement a I'autorite superieure de la province, et en donneraient
iipm^diatefpent avis au Ministre Pienipotentiaire de I'Empereur.
[ 61 1
En cas d'absence du consul frangais, les capitaines et les ndgociants
frangais auraient la faculty de recourir a I'intervention du consul d'une
puissance amie, ou, s'il etait impossible de le faire, lis auraient recours
au chef de la douane, qui aviserait au moyen d'assurer a ces capitaines
et ndgociants le benefice du present traite.
Art. VI. — L'exp<^rience ayantdemontie que I'ouveituredenouveaux 'J??'' ^°^'? °^
ports au commerce etranger est une des necessites de lepoque, il a €\.€ chao-ciiow, Tai-
convenu que les ports de Kioung-tchaou et Tchaou-tchaou dans la Tang-cho'w "'
province de Kouangton, Taivan et Tanshwi dans I'lle de Form ose (Chefoo) and
(province de Fo-kien), Tan-tchao, dans la province de Sliantong, et opme™.^
Nankin dans la province de Kiang-nan jouiront des memes privileges que
Canton, Shang-Hai, Ning-Po, Amoy, et Fou-Tcheou. Quant k Nankin,
les agents frangais en Chine ne delivreront de passeports a leurs
nationaux pour cette ville que lorsque les rebelles en auront ete expulsds
par les troupes Impdriales.
Art. VII. — Les frangais et leurs families pourront se transporter, fnathiyfamiiiBs
s'etablir, et se livrer au commerce ou a leur industrie en toute s^curite may establish
et sans entrave d'aucune espece dans les ports et villes de I'empire chinois tS'at™)/ "f
situds sur les cotes maritimes et sur les grands fleuves, dont I'dnumeration thesajd ports and
, i,,'! t 1 3 ^ travel between
est contenue dans I'article precedent. then- with pass-
lis pourront circuler librement de Fun a I'autre s'ils sont munis de olrtraii'ngeise-"''
passeports; mais,il leur estformellementdefendudepratiquersurla cote des whereon the
ventes ou des achats clandestins, sous peine de confiscation des navires anTgoo°ds\nay"'
et des marchandises engagdes dans ces operations ; et cettes confiscation '°^ confiscated.
aura lieu au profit du gouvernement chinois, qui devra cependant, avant
que la saisie et la confiscation ne soient l^galement pronouncdes,endonner
avis au consul frangais du port le plus voisin.
Art. VIII. — Les francais qui voudront se rendre dans les villes de i'''™^'' subjects
rint^rieur ou dans les ports ou ne sont pas admis les navues etrangers, other Chinese
pourront le faire en toute svlretd, a la condition expresse d'etre munis de wSrp'i^ports!'^
passeports redig^s en frangais et en chinois, Idgalement delivres par les
agents diplomatiques ou les consuls de France en Chine, et vises par
les autoritds chinoises.
En cas de perte de ce passeport, le frangais qui ne pourra pas le
presenter lorsqu'il en sera r^quis regalement, devra, si I'autorite chinoise
du lieu oil il se trouve se refuse i lui donner un permis de s^jour pour
lui laisser le temps de demander un autre passeport au consul, etre
reconduit au consulat le plus voisin, sans qu'il soit permis de le
maltraiter ni de I'insulter en aucune mani^re.
Ainsi que cela 6tait stipule dans les anciens traites, les frangais
r^sidants ou de passage dans les ports ouverts au commerce etranger
pourront circuler sans passeports dans leur voisinage iramddiat et y
vaquer a leurs occupations aussi librement que les nationaux ; mais ils ne
pourront depasser certaines limites qui seront fixees de commun accord
entre le consul el I'autorite locale. Les agents frangais en Chine ne
delivreront de passeports a leurs nationaux que pour les lieux ou les
rebelles ne seront pas ^tablis dans le moment oil le passeport sera
demande.
Ces passeports ne seront delivres par les autoritds frangaises qu'aux
personnes qui leur offriront toutes les garanties desirables.
Art. IX. — Tons les changements apportds d'un commun accord, f(J^jfaTOldvS
avec I'une des puissances signataires des traites avec la Chine, au sujet age of aii ameiio-
des ameliorations k introduire au tarif actuellement en vigueur, ou a "*'°°^ '" ^*"''^'
celui qui le serait plus tard, comme aussi aux droits de dpuane, de tonnage,
d'importation, de transit, et d'exportation, seront immediatement
[ 62 ]
applicables au commerce et aux n^gociants frangais par le seul fait de
leur mise a execution.
In the open ports Art. X, — Tout frangais qui, conformdment aux stipulations de
nmy buy"buiid) I'article VI du present traite, arrivera dans Tun des ports ouverts au
or hire, iiouses, commerce Stranger, pourra, quelle que soit la durde de son sdjour, y louer
hospitals 1 . 1 • 1 ^ 1 T u"
chiwches.etc.in des maisons et des magasins pour deposer ses marchandises, on bien
ptaoeaananged affermer des terrains et y b^tir lui-meme des maisons et des magasins.
with Consul at- . . •',, . .^ /ii-i ^i-j
fair prices. Chi- Les franQais pourront, de la meme raaniere, etablir des eglises, des
churS™'' hopitaux, des hospices, des dcoles, et des cimetieres. Dans ce but
Cemeteries will I'autorit^ locale, aprfes s'etie concert^e avec le consul, d^signera les
epunis e . qQartiers les plus convenables pour la residence des fran9ais et les
endroits dans lesquels pourront avoir lieu les constructions pr^citdes.
Le prix de foyers et des fermages sera librement d^battu entre les
parties interessdes, et regld, autant que faire se pourra, conform^ment a la
moyenne des prix locaux.
The number of Les autorites chinoises empecheront leurs nationaux de surfaire ou
6 °t"nto "ground d'exlger des prix exorbitants, et le consul veillera, de son cote, a ce que
to be assigned Jeg francais n'usent pas de violence ou de contrainte pour forcer le
of French consentement des propri^taires. II est bien entendu d'ailieurs que le
openports to be "ombre des maisons et i'6tendue des terrains a affecter aux fran§ais dans
unrestricted, les ports ouverts au commerce dtranger ne seront point limites, et qu'ils
seront determines d'apres les besoins et les convenances des ayans droit.
Si des chinois violaient ou d^truisaient des 6glises ou des cimetiferes
frangais, les coupables seraient punis suivant toute la rigueur des lois du
pays.
In the open ports ART. XI. — Les frangais dans les ports ouverts au commerce dtranger
French su^ects pourront choisir librement, et k prix d^battu entre les parties ou sous la
SSneseservan^, seule intervention du consul, des compradors, interpretes, dcrivains,
ers'^oierkB \^ter- ouvriers, bateliers, et domestiques. lis auronten outre lafaculted'engager
pre'tem,an'dmay des lettr^s du pays pour apprendre a parler ou a ecrire la langue chinoise
oigniOTgua«es!"^" et toute autre langue ou dialecte usite dans I'empire, comme aussi de
se faire aider par eux, soit pour leurs ^critures, soit pour des travaux
scientifiques ou litteraires. lis pourront ^galement enseigner a tout
sujet chinois la langue de leur pays ou des langues etrangeres, et vendre
sans obstacles des livres frangais ou acheter eux-mSmes toutes sortes de
livres chinois.
French property Art. XII. — Les propri^tes des toute nature appartenant a des
sMi be invioi- frangais dans I'empire chinois seront considerees par les chinois comme
ship can b8™ut inviolables, et seront toujours respectdes par eux. Les autorites chinoises
o?cteimedfOT°' "^ pourront, quoiqn'il arrive, mettre embargo sur les navires frangais
any service by ni les frapper de requisition, pour quelque service, public ou privd, que
the Chinese _ niiUsp pfrp
authorities. <-e puisse eire.
Art. XIII. — La religion Chrdtienne ayant pour objet essentiel de
porter les hommes a la vertu, les membres de toutes les communions
Chretiennes jouiront d'une entifere s^curite pour leurs personnes, leurs
TheChristianre. proprietds, et le libra exercise de leurs pratiques religieuses, et uue
ligion, teachers, protection efficacescradonnee aux missionnaires qui se rendront pacifique-
toproS^.*^ ment dans I'interieur du pays, munis des passeport reguliers dont il
est parie dans I'article VIII.
Aucune entrave ne sera apportde par les autorites de I'empire
chinois au droit qui est reconnu £ tout individu en Chine d'embrasser,
s'il le veut, le Christianisme et d'en suivre les pratiques sans etre passible
d'aucune peine infligde pour ce fait.
[ 63 i
Tout ce qui a et^ prec^dement dcrit, proclamd ou publie en Chine
par ordre du gouvernement centre le culte Chretien, est compMtement
abrog^ et reste sans valeur dans troutes les provinces de I'empire.
Art. XIV, — Aucune soci^td de commerce privile'giee ne pourra au trade mono-
desormais s'etablir en Chine, et il en sera de nieme de toute coalition P""?^ ^° i"*
organisde dans le but d'exercer un monopole sur le commerce. En cas prohibited*"
de contravention au present Article, les autoiitds chinoises, sur les '»6n<=<'fo"™rd.
representations du consul ou de I'agent consulaire, aviseront aux moyens
de dissoudre de semblables associations, dont elles s'efforceront d'ailleurs
de prevenir I'existence par des prohibitions pr6alables, afin d'ecarter
tout ce qui pourrait porter atteinte k libre concurrence.
Ayt. XV. — Lorsqu'un batiment frangais arrivera dans les eaux de ^eei^ en'''„ed -
I'un des ports ouverts au commerce Stranger, il aura la faculty d'engager
tel pilote qui lui conviendra pour sefaire couduire immediatement dans
le porte, et de mSme, quand aprds avoir acquittd toutes les charges
legales, il sera pret k mettre a la voile, on ne pourra pas lui refuser des
pilotes pour le sortir du port sans retard ni d^lai.
Tout individu qui voudra exercer la profession de pilot pour les
bitiraents frangais pourra, sur la presentation de trois certificats de
capitaines de navires, etre commissionnd par le consul de France de la
meme manifere que cela se pratiguerail pour d'autres nations.
La retribution payee aux pilotes sera real ee selon I'equite nour ''''^^'^ p.*'""}''
, ^ 1- 1- 1 1 iP 1 1 ? , f""' appointment.
chaque port en particulier, par le consul ou lagent consulaire, lequel
la fixera convenablement en raison de la distance et des circonstances
de la navigation.
Art. XVI. — Dds que • le pilote aura introduit un navire de Customs' officers
commerce frangais dans le port, le chef de la douane deleguera un ou guard French'*
deux pr^pos^s pour surveiller le navire et empecher qu'il ne se pratique f'^af'^Nof
aucune fraude. Ces prfeposfes pourront, Selon leurs convenances, reste allowed.
dans leur propre bateau ou se tenir a bord du batiment.
Les frais de leur sold, de leur nourriture, et de leur entretien,
seront a la charge de la douane chinoise, et ils ne pourront exiger
aucune indemnite ou retribution quelconque des capitaines ou consigna-
taires. Toute contravention a cette disposition entrainera une punition
proportionnelle au rnontant de I'exaction, laquelle sera, en outre, inte
gralement restituee.
Art, XVII. — Dans les vingt-quatre heures qui suivroni I'arrivee ship's pwers to
d'un navire de commerce frangais dans I'un des ports ouverts au consul, soTiSt
commerce etranger, le capitaine, s'il n'est dument empeche, et a son ^^^^^If^S'^f"
ddfaut le subrecargue ou le consignataire, devra se rendre au consulat of Customs.™
de France et remettre entre les mains du consul les papiers de bord, les
connaissements, et le manifeste. Dans les vingt-quatre heures suivantes
le consul enverra au chef de la douane une note ddtaillee indiquant le
nom du navire, le role d'dquipage,le tonnage l^gal du batiment, et la
nature de son chargement; si, par suite de la, negligence du capitaine,
cette dernifere formalitd n'avait pas pu dtre accomplie dans le quarante-
huit heures qui suivront I'arrivee du navire, le capitaine sera passible
d'une amende de 50 piastres par jour de retard, au profit du gouverne-
ment chinois; la dite amende toutefois ne pourra ddpasser la somme
de 200 piastres.
Aussitot aprds la reception de la note transmise par le consulat, le pe™itto open
chef de la douane d^livrera le permis d'ouvrir la cale. Si le capitaine, hatches; penalty
avant d'avoir regu le permis precite, avait ouvert sa cale et commence a wfthiu*t pemlt.
decharger, il pourra etre condamne a une amende de 500 piastres, et les
[ 64 ]
marchandises debarquees pourront etre saisies, le tout au profit du
gouvernement chinois.
There shall be Art. XVIII. — Les capitaines et n^gociants fran5ais pourront louer
?e"triSs'asto telle esp^ce d'alleges et d'embarcations qu'il leur plaira pour transporter
^rgo-boats and des marchandises et des passagers, et la retribution k payer pour ces
por rs. alleges sera reglee de gr^ a gre par les parties intdressees, sans I'inter-
vention de I'autorite chinoise, et, par consequent, sans-sa garantie en
cas d'accident, de fraude, ou de disparition des dites alleges. Le nombre
n'en sera pas limits et le monopole n'en pourra 6tre concede a qui que
ce soit, nom plus que celui du transport par portefaix des marchandises
a embarquer.
^fn^andTa d'-'''' ^^^' ^^^ — Toutes les fois qu'un ndgociant fran^ais aura des
goods™ "" '"^ marchandises a embarquer, ou h debarquer il devra d'abord en remettre
la nole detaillde au consul ou agent consulaire, qui chargera immedia-
tement un interprbte reconnu du consulat d'en donner communication
au chef de la douane. Celui-ci delivrera sur le champ un permis
d'erabarquement ou de ddbarquement. II sera alors procedd a la verifi-
cation des marchandises dans la forme la plus convenable pour qu'il n'y
ait chance de perte pour aucune des parties.
Le negociant frangais devra se faire representer sur le lieu de la
verification (s'il ne prdfere y assister lui-meme) par une personne rdunis-
sant les qualities requises a I'effet de veiller a ses interets au moment ou
il sera procdde a cette verification pour la liquidation des droits, faute
de quoi toute reclamation ulierieure restera nulla et non avenue.
Mode of fixing En ce qui conceme les marchandises taxees a</»a/ti;'«»?, silendgociant
subject S^''mad ne peut tomber d'accord avec I'employ^ chinois sur la valeur a fixer,
valorem duly, chaque paitie appellera deux ou trois n^gociants charges d'examiner les
marchandises, et le prix le plus elevd qui sera offert par I'un d'eux sera
repute constituer la valeur reelle des dites marchandises.
Duty charged on Les droits seront pr61ev6s sur le poids net: on deduira en conse-
net weight ; , -jj l,i . ,.
quence le poids des emballages et contenants.
Mode of settling Si le negociants frangais ne peut s'entendre avec I'employe chinois
''"'''• sur la fixation de la tare, chaque partie choisira un certain nombre de
caisses et de ballots parmi les colis objets du iiiige; lis seront d'abord
pes^s brut, puis tares ensuite et la tare moyenne des collis pes^s servira
de tare pour tout les autres.
Adjustment of Si pendant le cours de la verification, il s^lfeve quelque difficulte
twSn'customs •?"' '}'^ puisse ctrc resolue, le negociant frangais pourra reclamer I'inter-
o£aeer» and vention du Consul, lequel portera sur le champ I'object de la contestation
Reduction of a la connaissance du chef des douanes, et tous deux s'efforceront
aied gmds"how '^'^'"^^'^ ^ "" arrangement aimable; mais la reclamation devra avoir
settled. ' lieu dans les vingt-quatre heures; sinon, il n'y sera pas donne suite.
Tant que le resultat de la contestation restera pendant, le chef de la
douane n'en portera pasl'objet sur ses livres, laissant ainsi toute latitude
pour I'examen et la solution de la difficulte.
Les marchandises importdes qui auraient eprouvd des avaries jouiront
d'une reduction de droits proportionnelle h leur depreciation. Celle-ci
sera determinde equitablement et s'il le faut par expertise contradictoire
ainsi qu'il a 6i.6 stipule plus haut pour la fixation des droits ad valorem.
rtfhaTno?*''^ Art. XX.— Tout batiment entre dans I'un des ports de la Chine,
to''o™S Ses ^^ 1"' "'^ 1^°'"* ^"'^°''® ^^^^ ^^ ^timvi de debarquement mentionnd dans
may depart ' I'article XIX, pourra, dans le deux jours de son arrivee, quitter ce port
from herTrrfX ^t se rendre dans un autre port sans avoir k payer ni droits de tonnage,
without paying ni droits de douane, attendu qu'il les acquittera ultdrieurement dans le
cuSs DuM," port oil il effectuera la vente de ses marchandises.
I 65 ]
Art. XXI, — II est dtabli, de commun accord, que les droits d'im- importdutiesare
portation seront acquitt^s par les capitaines ou ndgociants frangais au fur ^S^'f °" ^'"'
et k mesure du d^barquement des marchandises et apres leur verification. Exportduties on
Les droits d'exportation le seront de la m6me maniere lors de I'embar- goods!™wheii aii
quement. Lorsque les droits de tonnage et de douane dtis par un p^jf cS^nce
batiment frangais auront 6te int^gralement acquittes, le chef de la wui be given.
douane deiivrera une quittance g^nerale sur I'exhibition de laquelle le hito authon'sMi'
consul rendra ses papiers de bord au capitaine, et lui permettra de ^banks.
mettre a la voile. Le chef de la douane designera une ou plusieurs be made in
maisons de change, qui seront autorisdes k recevoir la somme due par f^°e1gnVoin,
les n^gociants fran9ais, au conipte du gouvernement, et les rdcepissds
de ces maisons de change, pour tous les paiements, qui leur auront 6l6
fails, seront reputes acquits du gouvernement chinois. Ces paiements
pourront s'effectuer soit en lingots, soit en nnnnaies etrangferes dont le
rapport avec I'agent syc6 sera d6termin6 de commun accord entre le
consul ou agent consulaire et le chef de la douane dans les diff6rents
ports, suivant le temps, le lieu, et les circonstances.
Art. XXII. — Aprh rexpiration des deux jours mentionn'es dans Toar^geBmn
I' Article XX, et avant de proceder au dechargement, chaque batiment ^« two'daysin port.
coinmerce francais acquittera intent alement les droits de tonnage a2«« Rate of Tonnage
' 1' . 1 -7 , J / • II 1 i J ■• Dues. Certifl-
regles : pour les navires de l^o tonneaux de la jauge legale et au-dessus, a g^tes of exemp-
raison de cinq maces (yi tael) par tonneau ; pour les navires jaugeant ^^^'^^^^^^■^'9'^;
mains de i^o tonneaux, a raison d'un mace (^-^e de tail) par tonneau ; passengers or°
ioutes les retributions et surcharges additionnelles anterieurement imposks exemp^from"^''"*
a Farriv'ee et au depart sont expressement supprimees, et ne pourront etre Tonnage Dues.
remplactes par aucune autre.
Lors du paiement du droit precite, le chef de la douane deiivrera au
capitaine, ou au consignataire, un re(u en forme de certificat CQnstatant que
le droit de tonnage a et'e integralement acquittk, et sur r exhibition de ce
certificat au chef de la douane de tout autre port ou il lui conviendrait de
se rendre, le capitaine sera dispense de payer de nouveau pour son batiment
le droit de totmage ; tout navire tran(ais ne devant en etre passible qu'une
seulefois, a chacun de ses voyages d'un pays etranger en Chine.
Sont exemptes des droits de tonnage les barques, goelettes, bateaux
caboteurs, et autres embarcalions frangaises, pontees ou non, employks au
transport depassagers, bagages, lettres, comestibles, et generalement de tous
objets non sujets aux droits ; si les dites embarcations trqnsportaient en
out/e des marchandises, elles resiernent dans la cat'egorie des navires
jaugeant moins de ijo tonneaux, et paieraient a raison de ^-^e de ta'el
(i mace) par tonneau.
Les negociants francais pourront toujours afireter des jonques et
autres embarcations chinoises, lesquelles ne seront sou7nists a aucun droit
de tonnage.*
Art. XXIII. — ^Toutes marchandises fraiiijaises, aprfes avoir acquiltd Duty paid im-
dans I'un des ports de la Chine les droits de douane liquides d'aprfes le Slgitp,[?iie'gf5.
Present transit
~~ dues shall not lie
(*) The above article amended by agreement with the Plenipolentiary of France, increased.
M. de Bellonet, in September, 1865. The following is the Article substituted in its
Art. XXII. — After the expiration of the two days named in Art. XX, and before
proceeding to discharge her cargo, every vessel shall pay tonnage-dues according to
the following scale :— vessels of one hundred and fifty tons and upwards at the rate
of four mace per ton ; vessels of less than one hundred and fifty tons measurement at
the rate of one mace per ton. , ^, . „ , r .1
Any vessel clearing from any of the open ports of China tor any other ol the
open ports, or trading between China and such ports in Cochin-China as belong.to
France, or any port in Japan, shall be entitled, on application of .the master, to
[ 66 ]
tarif, pourront etre trausportds dans I'int^rieur sans avoir a subir aucune
autre charge suppldmentaire que le paiement des droits de transit suivant
le taux moder^ actuellement en vigueur, lesquels droits ne seront
susceptibles d'aucune augmentation future.
Illegal exactions Si des agents de la douane chinoise, contrairement a la teneur du
officers to"be present traite, exigeaient des retributions illegales, ou prelevaient des
rumshed. dioits plus eleves, ils seraient punis suivant les lois de I'Empire.
Art. XXIV. — Tout navire frangais entre dans Tun des ports ouverts
au commerce etranger, et qui voudra n'y decharger qu'une pat tie de ses
Duty-paid im- marchandises, ne paiera les droits de douane que pour la parLie debar-
ports may be . .. ' , '^ , . , ^ . ^ , ^
re-exported and quee ; il pourra transporter le reste de sa cargaison dans un autre port
anoth^er'c'hin'ese ^^ ^'^ ^endre. Les droits seront alors acquitt^s.
port without Dans le cas oil des frangais, apres avoir acquitte dans un port les
dTiy^'iu'casffof droits sur des marchandises, voudraient les r^-exporter et aller les vendre
fraud the goods dans un autre port, ils en prdviendraient le consul ou agent consulaire.
cated. " Cehii-ci de son cote en informera le chef de la douane, lequel, apres
avoir constate I'identite de la marchandise et la parfaite int^grit^ des
colls, remettra aux reclamants une declaration attestante que les droits
afferents aux dites marchandises ont ete effectivement acquittes. Muni
de cette declaration les negociants frangais n'auront a leur arrivee dans
I'autre port qu'a la presenter par Tenlremise du consul ou chef de la
douane, qui delivrera pour cette partie de la cargaison, sans retard et
sans frais, une permis de di^barquement en franchise de droits; mais si
I'autorit^ d^couvrait de la fraude ou de la contrebande parmi les
marchandises ainsi r^-exportees, celles-ci seraient, apres verification,
confisqu<5es au profit du gouvernement chinois.
peTwmlouta''' Art. XXV. — Aucun transbordement de marchandises ne pourra
spefia' permit avoir lieu que sur permis sp&ial et dans un cas d'urgence ; s'il devient
fiscated, except indispensable d'effectuer cette operation, il devra en etre refere au
arishr- throu"i7'^°"^^"'' ^"' ddllvrera un certificat, sur le vu duquel le transbordement
delay." ° sera autorlse par le chef de la douane. Celui-ci pourra toujours del^guer
un employe de son administration pour y assister.
Tout transbordement non autorise, sauf le cas de p^ril en la
demeure, entrainera la confiscation, au profit du gouvernement chinois,
de la totality des marchandises illicitement transbordees.
SuperilltPtldent . -\_r^rtr-r T-v I 1 . , /
of Customs will ART. XXVI. — Uans chacun des portsouverts au commerce etranger
standards'of"''"'' '^ ^^^^ ^^ '^ douane recevra pour lui-raeme, et deposera au Consulat
weight and Frangais, des balances legales pour les marchandises et pour I'argent,
measure. ainsi que des poids et des mesures exactement conformes aux poids et
aux mesures en usage a la douane de Canton, et revetus d'une estampille
et d'un cachet constatant cette conformity. Ces etalons seront la base
de toutes les liquidations de droits, et de tous les paiements a faire au
gouvernement Chinois. On y aura recours en cas de contestation sur
le poids et la mesure des marchandises, et il sera statue d'apres les
r^sultats qu'ils auront donnes.
a special certificate from the Superintendent of Customs, on exhibition of which the
said vessel shall be exempted from all further payment of tonnage-dues in any open
port of China for a period of four months, to be reckoned from the date of her
port-clearance ; but after the expiration of four months she shall be required to pay
tonnage-dues again.
Small French vessels and boats of every class, whether with or without sails,
shall be reckoned as coming within the category of vessels of one hundred and fifty
tons and under, and shall pay tonnage-dues at the rate of one mace per ton once in
every four months.
Native craft chartered by French merchants shall in likn manner pay tonnage-
dues once in every four months.
[ 67 ]
Art. XXVII, — Les droits d'importation et d'exportation prdlev^s Customs' Dues to
en Chine sur le commerce fran§ais seront regies conformement au tarif Tlrfs a'nnexed^
annex^ au present traits, sous le sceau et la signature des plenipoten- whtah may be '
tiaires respectifs. Ce tarif pourra etre revise de sept en sept ann^es, ye™s* iSch
pour etre mis en harmonie avec les changements de valeur apportes ^jj^|.^°j?jj°gfj™
par le temps sur les produits du sol et de I'industrie des: deux empires, most favoured
Moyennant I'acquit de ces droits, dont il est expressdment interdit
d'augmenter le montant, et que ne pourront aggraver aucune espece de
charge ou de surtaxe quelconque, les frangais seront libres d'im porter
en Chine, des ports frangais ou etrangers, et d'exporter dgaleraent de
Chine pour toute destination, toutes les marchandises qui ne seraient
pas, au jour de la signature du present trait6, et d'aprfes la classification
du tarif ci-annex6, I'objet d'une prohibition formelle ou d'un monopole charge'or^diffe°-
special. Le gouvernement chinois renongant a la faculty d'augmenter '5 j'*] ?? *■[ '° ""^
par la suite le nombre .des articles reputes contreband ou monopole, duties levied
aucune modification ne pourra etre appori^e au tarif qu'aprfes une ta?iT''No'addi-
entente pr^alable avec le gouvernement francais et de son plein et tion to be made
.■ ^ . ■* "^ to list of Gontva-
entier consentement. band articles.
A I'egard du tarif aussi bien que pour toute stipulation introduite
ou a introduire dans les trait^s existants, ou que seraient ulterieurement
conclus, il demeure bien et ddment etabli que les n^gociants, et en
general tous les citoyens frangais en Chine, auront droit toujours et
partout au traitement de la nation la plus favoris^e.
Art. XXVIII. — La publication d'un tarif convenable et regulier ships smuggling
A 1/ . /xi 11. i» x^ goods may be
otant desormais tout pretexte a la contrabande, il nest pas a presumer prevented from
qu'aucun acte de cette nature soit commis par des batiraents de com- goo'dfwui be'^^
merce frangais dans les ports de la Chine. S'il en etait autrement, confiscated.
toute marchandise introduite en contrebande par des navires ou par des
negociants frangais dans ces ports, quelle que soit d'ailleurs sa valeur
et sa nature, comme aussi toute denree prohibee debarquee frauduleuse-
ment, seront saisies par I'autorite locale et confisqu^es au profit du
gouvernement chinois. En outre, celui-ci pourra, si bon lui semble,
interdire I'entree de la Chine au batiment surpris en contravention et
le contraindre a partir aussitot apr^s I'apuration de ces comptes.
Sixjuelque navire etranger se couvrait frauduleusement du pavilion
de la France, le gouvernement frangais prendrait les measures n^ces-
. saires pour la repression de cet abus.
Art. XXIX. — Sa Majesty I'Empereur des Frangais pourra faire French vessels of
stationner un batiment de guerre dans les ports priricipaux de I'empire, SiSatthe
ou sa presence serait jugee necessaire pour raaintenir le bon ordre et la principal ports ;
discipline parmi les Equipages des navires martfhands et faciliter
I'exercice de I'autorite consulaire; toutes les mesures n^cessaires seraient
prises pour que la presence de ces navires de guerre n'entrainat aucun
inconvenient, et leurs commandants recevraieiit I'ordre de faire executer
les dispositions stipulees dans I'article XXXIII, par rapport aux
communicationsavecla terreeta la police des equipages. Les batiments
de guerre ne seront assujettis a aucun droit. InyportinCWna
Art. XXX.— Tout batiment de guerre frangais croisant pour la o7refltt?nreto.,
protection du commerce sera regu en ami et traite comme tel dans tous ^jf/^^*^'**/^!
les ports de la Chine oii il se prdsentera. Ces batiments pourront s'y ^ast or seeking
procurer les divers objets de rechange et de revitaillement dont ils ^^t'S"p*^t''
auraient besoin, et s'ils ont fait des avaries, les r^parer et acheter dans shaiibe assisted
ce but les materiaux necessaires, le tout sans la moindre opposition. aSthoSl
E I
[ 68 ]
II en sera de meme a I'egard de navires de commerce frangais qui,
par suite d'avaries majeures ou pour toute autre cause, seraient
contraints de chercher refuge dans un port quelconque de la Chine.
Si quelqu'un de ces Mtiments venait a se perdre sur la cote,
I'autorit^ chinoise la plus proche, d^s qu'elle en serait inform^e,
porterait sur le champ assistance a I'^quipage, pourvoierait a ses premiers
besoins, et prendrait les mesures d'urgence necessaires pour le
sauvetage du navire et la preservation des marchandises. Puis, elle
porterait le tout k la connaissance de consul ou agent consulaire le
plus a port^e du sinistre, pour que celui-ci, de concert avec I'autorite
comp^tente, put aviser aux moyens de rapatrier I'dquipage et de sauver
les debris du navire et de la cargaison.
H China be at art. XXXI. — Daus le cas oii, par la suite des temps, la Chine
war with any . ' ^. . ^
other power, the entrerait en guerre avec une autre puissance, cette circonstance ne
wUhVthe^'shaii porterait aucune atteiiite au libre commerce de la France avec la Chine
not be inter- qu avec la nation ennemie. Les navires frangais pourraient toujours,
an^'effectiv?' ^ sauf les cas de blocus effectif, circuler sans obstacle des ports de I'une
blockade. gy^j ports de I'autre, et trafiquer comme a I'ordinaire, et y importer ou
en exporter toute esp^ce de marchandises non prohibees.
French and Chi- Art. XXXIL — S'il arrive que des matelots ou autres individus
win respeo°Weiy d^sertent des bailments de guerre, ou s'evadent des navires de
search for and commerce frangais, Tautoritf^ chinoise, sur la requisition du consul, ou
nese^or French a son d^faut du capitaine, fera tous ses efforts por.r decouvrir et
cSnab.*"^ restituer sur le champ entre les mains de I'un ou de I'autre les susdits
ddserteurs ou fugitifs.
Pareillement si des chinois ddserteurs ou prevenus de quelque
crime vont se rdfugier dans des maisons frangaises ou a bord de navires
appartenant a des frangais, I'autorite locale s'adressera au consul, qui,
sur la preiive de la culpability des prevenus, prendra immediatement
les mesures ndcessaires pour que leur extradition soil effectuee. De
part et d'autre on evitera soigneusement tout recel et toute connivance.
Sailors on shore art. XXXIII. — Quand des matelots descendront a terre ils
will be under re- . ^ _ , ^ ,,..,. - . , ■ . a -
guiations made seront soumis a des reglements de discipline speciale qui seront arretes
locaUuthorMes. P^"^ '^ consul et communiques a I'autorite locale, de maniere a prevenir,
autant que possible, toute occasion de querelle entre les marins
frangais et les gens du pays.
The Chinese Art. XXXIV. — Dans le cas ou des navires de commerce frangais
endeavom to'" seraient attaquds ou pill^s par des pirates dans des parages dependants
arrest and punish de la Chine, I'authorite civile et militaire du lieu de plus rapproche, des
?'renci»fihi^°sand qu'cUc aura connaissance du fait, en poursuivra activement les auleurs
to restore the ^ gt ne negligera rien pour qu'ils soient arretes et punis conformement
I'enalties to be ' aux lois. Les marchandises enlev6es, en quelque lieu et dans quel-
negiec^t'^ *™ qu'^tat qu'elles se trouvent, seront remises entre les mains du consul,
qui se chargera de les restituer aux ayant-droit. Si Ton ne pent
s'emparer des coupables ni recouvrer la totality des object voids, les
fonctionnaires chinois subiront la peine infligee par la loi en pareille
occasion, mais ils ne sauraient etre rendus pecuniarirement responsibles.
Mode of settling Art. XXXV. — Lorsqu'un sujet frangais aura quelque motif de
twmn'l^ench plainte ou quelque reclamation a formuler contre un chinois, il devra
and Chinese d'abord exposer ses griefs au consul, qui, aprfes avoir examine I'afTaire,
su jec s. s'efforcera de I'arranger a I'amiable. De mSme quand un chinois aura a
se plaindre d'un frangais, le consul ecoutera sa reclamation avec intbret,
et cherchera a mdnager un arrangement a I'amiable. Mais si dans I'un
ou I'autre cas la chose etait impossible, le consul requerra I'assislance dn
[ 69 ]
fonctionnaire chinois competent, et tous deux, apres avoir exarain^
conjointement I'affaire, statueront suivant I'equite.
Art. XXJtVI — Si dorgnavant des citoyens franqais ^prouvaient Chinese autiiori-
duelque dommage, ou s'ils etaient I'objet dfe quelque insulte ou vexation Kes shall protect
ai *.j"i.i-* • t •• ,, .. French subiects
e la part de sujets chinois, ceux-ci seront poursuivis par I'autontd and property
locale; qui prendra les mesures ndcessaires pour la defence et la pro- [niu"'"and'b^^
tection des frangais; a bien plus forte raison, si des malfaiteurs ou Panders to
quelque partie egaree de la population tentaient de piller, de ddtruire, ■'"^*'"''-
ou d'incendier les maisons, les magasins des frangais ou tout autre
<5tablissement fjowiie par eux, la meme autoiite, soit a la requisition du
consul, soit de son proper mouvement, enverrait en toute hate la force
armde pour dissiper I'emeute, s'emparer des coupables, et les livrer a
toute la sdv^rit^ des lois; le tout sans prejudice des poursuites h exercer
par qui de droit pour indemnisation des pertes dprouvees. p^. , ,
Art. XXXVII. — Si des chinois, a I'avenir, deviennent debiteurs neseauthoritie"'
de capitaines ou de negocianls frangais, et leur font eprouver des pertes Sing to^ustice'"
|)ar fraude on de toute autre maniere, ceux-ci n'auront plus a se prevaloir absconding
de la solidarite qui resultait de I'ancien etat de choses; ils pourront of their'respi'c^-''*
seulement s'adresser par I'entremise de leurs consuls a I'autorite locale, ttwoountries.
qui ne negligera rien, apres avoir examine I affaire, pour contraindre les ment responsible
prevemis a satisfaire leurs engagements suivant la loi du pays. Mais, '""■ '*'''^*^'
si le debiteur ne pent etre retrouve, s'il est mort, ou en faiilite, et s'il ne
reste rien pour payer, les n^gociants frangais ne pourront point appeler
I'autorite chinoise en garantie.
En cas de fraude ou de non-paiement de la part des negociants
fiancaiSjle consul pretera de la meme manifere assistance aux reclamants,
sans que toutefois ni lui ni son gouvernement puissent en aucune
maniere etre rendus responsables.
Art. XXXVIII. — Si malheureusement il s'eievait quelque rixe ou French criminals
quelque querelle entre frangais et des chinois, comme aussi dans le cas in China win be
ou durant le cours d'une semblable querelle un ou plusieurs individus rrench" consuls ;
etaient tues ou blesses, soit par des coups de feu, soit autrement, les nais'by chinose
cliinois seront arretes par I'autorite chinoise, qui se chargera de les faire authorities.
examiner et punir, s'il y a lieu, conformement aux lois du pays. Quant
aux fran^ais ils seront arretes a la diligence du consul, et celui-ci
prendra toutes les mesures necessaires pour que les prevenus soient
livres a la action reguliere des lois fran9ais dans la forme et suivant les
dispositions qui seront ulterieurement ddterminees par le gouvernment
fran9ais.
II en sera de meme en toute circonstance analogue el non prdvue
dans la presente Convention, le principe etant que pour la repression
des crimes et d^lits commis par eux en Chine, les frangais seront
constamment rdgis par les lois frangaises.
Art. XXXIX. — Les frangais en Chine dependront egalement Disputesbetwecn
Dour toutes les difiScultes ou les contestations qui pourraient s'elever 5'i""f subjects
- ,,..,.,. r • -n 1 J-/*/-' 1 xlow to be set-
entre eux de la jundication frangaise. Eneas de differends survenus tM. Chinese
entre frangais et etrangers, il est bien stipule que I'autorite chinoise nouSterflrr"
n'aura a s'en meler en aucune manifere. EUe n'aura pareiliement k
exercer aucune action sur les navires frangais: ceux-ci ne relfeveront
que de I'autorite frangaise et du capitaine.
Art. XI. — Si dorenavant le gouvernement de Sa Majeste tws Treaty may
rEmijereurdesFiancaisjugeaitconvenabled'apporter des modifications b" revised after
', 1 , J ' 1 . •./ 'i 1-1 ji • ^ ten years from
a quelques-unes des clauses du present traite, il sera hbre douvrir a cet exchange of
effet des negociations avec le gouvernement chinois aprfes un intervalle coSsl'Se. to
de dix annees revolues, a partir de I'dchange des ratifications. Ilest 1=6 subject to no.
separate article.
[ 70 ]
expressedin"' d'aiUeurs etitendu que toiite obligation non consignee expressement
Tariff! French dans la ptesente convention ne saura etre imposde aux consuls ou aux
tanimffties"'^"'' agents consulaires non plus qu'a leuis nationaux, landis que, comme il
granted to other a 6te Stipule ics fran§ais jouiront de tous les droits, privileges, immunitds
° ''^ et gaianties quelconques qui auraient 6t6 ou qui seraient accord^s par
le gouvernement chinois a d'autres puissances.
derttoeventrat , ^^'^- XLI.— Sa Majeste I'Empereur des Frangais voulant donner
Caiitouand a Sa Majeste I'Empereur de la Chine une preuve de ses sentiments,
by'them'to'bf conseiit a stipuler dans des Articles Separes, ayant la meme force et
treatedofina teneur que s'ils etaient inscrits textuellement au present traite, les
arrangements convenus entre les deux gouvernements au sujet des
questions anterieures aux evenements de Canton et aux frais qu'ils ont
occasiones au gouvernement de Sa Majeste I'Empereur des Frangais.
raMBratrons! ^^^'^- ^LII et dernier. — Les ratifications du present traite d'amitie,
de commerce, et de navigation serontechangees a Pekin dans I'intervalle
d'un an, a partir du jour de la signature, ou plus tot si faire si peut, par
Sa Majeste I'Empereur des Frangais et par Sa Majesty I'Empereur de
la Chine.
Treaty*'''"" °' Apres I'echange de ces ratifications, le traite sera porte a la connais-
sance de toutes les autorites superieures de I'empire dans les provinces
et dans la capitale, afin que sa publication soit bien dtablie.
En foi de quoi les PMnipotentiaires respectifs ont signe le present
trait^ et y ont appose leurs cachets.
27tii June, 1S58. Fait a Tientsin, en quatre expeditions, le vingt-septifeme jour du
mois de Juin, de I'an de grace mil huit cent cinquante-huit, correspondant
au dix-septieme jour de la cinquifeme lune de la huitieme annee de
Hien Fung.
[L.S.] (Signe) Baron GROS.
[L.S.] (Signe) KWEI-LIANG.
[L.S.] (Signe) HUOA-CHA-NA.
Articles Skpares et Secrets servant de compUment au Traite conclu entre Sa
Majesi'e I'Empereur des Frangais et Sa Majeste PEmpereur de la
Chine, h Tientsin, dans la Province de Tcheli, le 27 Juin, 1838.
ffie'miasSry°'^ . .^'^'^^ ^-—^^ Magistral de Si-lin Hien, coupable du meurtre du
chapdeiaine to missionnaire frangais, Augusta Chapdelaine, sera ddgrad^ et declard
the Sutta of incapable d'exercer ddsormais aucun emploi.
pubTciy pro" Ai^T- "•— Une communication officielle adressde a son Excellence
SfflcTa!?"™ ^' '^ Ministre de France en Chine lui annoncera rexecution de cette
nouiiced to' mesure, qui sera rendue publique et motiv^e convenablement dans la
French Minister. Gazette de Pekin.
L ^1 1
Art. III. — Une indemnite sera donnee aux frangais et aux indemnity for
protdgds de la France, dont les propridtds ont 6t6 pillees ou incendiees ^ Frenchl'Sb™
par la populace de Canton avant la prise de cette ville par les troupes jects or others
alliees de la France et de I'Angleterre. Cette indemnity sera rdpartie protection.
entre eux au prorata de leurs partes.
Art. IV. — Les depenses occasionndes par les armaments considd- Payment of
rabies qu'ont motives les refus obstin6s des autoritds chinoises d'ac- expenditure'at''
cordar a la France les reparations et les indemnitds qu'elle a rdclamdas, chiton, and
seront payees au gouvernement de Sa Majeste I'Empereur das Frangais '
par les caisses de la douane de la ville de Canton.
Ces indamnites et ces frais d'armement s'dlavant a peu pres a
une somme de deux millions da taels (Tls. 2,000,000), cette somme
sera yarsee entre les mains du Ministre de France en Chine, qui en
donnara quittance. Cette somme da deux millions de taels sera payee
a son Excellence M. le Ministre da France en China par sixiemas
valablas d'annde en annee, at pendant six ans, par la caisse des
douanes da Canton ; alia pourra I'etre, soit en numeraire, soit en bons
de douane qui saront ragus par cette administration en paiement des
droits d'exportation et d'importation, et pour un dixieme seulemant de
la somme qu'on aurait a lui payer, c'ast-a-dire, que si un ndgociant
doit a la douane de Canton une somme de dix mille taels, par exemple,
pour droits d'importation ou d'exportation, il pourra en payer neuf
mille en espbce at mille an bons dont il s'agit.
Le premier sixibme sera pay6 dans le cours de I'annie qui suivra
la signature du present traite, a compter du jour ott elle aura en lieu.
La douane de Canton pourra, si elle la veut, ne recevoir chaque
annee en paiement de droits'que le sixieme da bons amis, c'ast-a-dire,
pour une somme de 333,333 taels ^^. Une Commission mixta
nommee a Canton par I'autorite chinoise et par M. le Ministre de
France, fixera d'avance le mode d'emission de ces bons et las rdgle-
ments qui en determineront la forme, la valaur, et le mode de destruc-
tion, des qu'ils auront servi.
Art. V. — L'evacuation de Canton par les troupes frangaises Condition of
s'effectuera aussitot que possible aprbs le paiement integral de la CT™uatSn of
somme de deux millions de taels stipulee ci-dessus ; mais pour hater la Canton.
retraite de ces troupes, ces bons de douanes pourront etre emis
d'avance par series de six anndes et deposes dans la Chancellerie de la
Legation de France en Chine.
Art. VI. — Les articles ci-dessus auront la mama force et valeur TJeae separate
que s'ils etaient inscrits mot a mot dans le traitd dont ils formant game force as*™
parties, et les Plenipotentiaires respectifs les ont signes, etc. Tr'eaty"'*^'' '"
Fait a Tientsin, le 27 Juin, 1858.
[ 72 ]
CONVENTION BETWEEN THE EMPEROR OF THE
FRENCH AND THE EMPEROR OF CHINA.
Signed at Peking, 2^tk October, i860.
Sa Majeste I'Empereur des Frangais et Sa Majesty I'Erapereur de
la Chine, voulant mettre un terme au difference qui s'est eleve entre les
deux empires, et retablir et assurer a jamais les relations de paix et
d'araitie qui existaient entre eux et que les regrettables evenements
ont interrompues, ont nomme pour leurs Plenipotentiaires respectifs,
savoir :
tentSs. Sa Majeste I'Empereur des Frangais, le Sieur Jean Baptiste Louis,
Baron Gros. Baron Gros, Senateur de I'Empire, Ambassadeur et Haut Commissaire
de France en Chine, Grand Officer de I'Ordre Imperial de la Legion
d'Honneur, Chevalier Grand-Croix de plusieurs Ordres, etc., etc., etc. ;
Prince of Kung Et Sa Majeste I'Empereur de la Chine, le Prince de Kong,-
raembre de la familie Imp^riale et Haut Commissaire ;
Lesquels, apres avoir echangd leurs pleins pouvoirs, Irouves en
bonne et due forme, sont convenus des articles suivants; —
Apology for the ART. I. — Sa Majestd I'Empereur de la Chine a vu avec peine la
attack at Taku conduite que les autoritds militaires chinoises ont tenue &, I'embouchure
de la rivifere de Tientsin, dans le mois de juin de I'ann^e derniere, au
moment oil les Ministres Plenipotentiaires de France et d'Angleterre
s'y pr^sentaient pour se rendre a Peking, afin d'y proceder a l'6change
des ratifications des Traitds de Tientsin.
Respect and Art. II. — Lorsque I'Ambassadeur, Haut Commissaire de sa Ma-
Srded to ^^ J^st^ I'Empereur des Fran^ais, se trouvera dans Peking pour y proceder
French Ambas- ^ I'echange dcs ratifications du Traite de Tientsin, il sera traite pendant
sadorat eking. ^^^ g^jour dans la capitale avec les honneurs dus a son rang, et toutes
les facilites possibles lui seront donnees par les autorites chinoises pour
qu'il puisse remplir sans obstacle la haute mission qui lui est confiee.
Tiiiatyoii85sto Art. III. — Le traite signe a Tientsin, le viiigt-sept juin, mil huit
oreration'" '^^"'- cinquante-huit, sera fidfelement mis a I'execution dans toutes ses
clauses, immddiatement aprfes I'echange des ratifications dont il est
parle dans Particle precedent, sauf, bien entendu, les modifications
que pent y apporter la prdsente Convention.
Indemnity fixed -^RT. IV.— L'Article IV du Traite Secret de Tientsin par lequel
atTaeiss.ooo.ooo Sa Majeste I'Empereur de la C^hine s'engage a. faire payer au gouverne-
l"ouranan'ge- ment frangais une indemnite de deux millions de taels, est annule et
ment. remplace par le present article, qui elfeve a la somme de huit millions
de taels le montant de cette indemnity.
II est convenu que les sommes deja payees par la douane de
Canton a compte sur la somme de deux millions de taels stipulee par
le Traite de Tientsin seront consid^rees comme ayant dte payees
d'avance et a compte sur les huit millions de taels doHt ii est question
dans cet article.
Les dispositions prises dans I'article du Traite Secret de Tientsin
sur le mode de paiement etabli au subject des deux millions de taels sont
annul^s. Le montant de la somme qui reste a payer par le gouverne-
ment chinois sur les huit millions de taels stipules par la pr^sente
[ ?B ]
Convention le sera en y affectant le cinquieme des revenus bruts des
douanes des ports ouverts au commerce Stranger, et de trois mois en
trois mois, le premier terme commengant au premier octobre de cette
ann^e et finissant au trente-et-un decembre suivant. Cette somme,
sp^cialement reserve pour le paiement de I'indemnitd due k la France,
sera comptee en piastres mexicaines ou en argent syce, au cours du
jour du paiement, entre les mains du Ministre de France ou de ses
delegues.
Une somme de cinq cent mille taels sera payee cependant a compte
d'avance, en une seule fois, et a Tientsin, le trente novembre prochain,
ou plus tot si le gouvernement chinois le juge convenable.
Une Commission mixte, nomme par le Ministre de France et par
les autorites chinoises, determinera les regies a suivre pour effectuer
les paiements de toute I'indemnite, en verifier le montant, en doiiner
quittance, et remplir enfin toutes les formalites que la comptabilite
exige en pareil cas.
Art. V. — La somme de huit millions de taels est allouee au indemnity—
gouvernement frangais pour I'indemniser des depenses que ses armements '" " " '"" ° '
centre la Chine I'ont oblige de faire, comme aussi pour dedommager
les frangais et les proteges de la France qui ont et^ spolies lors de
I'incendie des fcictoreries de Canton, et indemniser aussi les mission-
naires Catholiques qui ont souffert dans leurs personnes ou leurs
proprietes. Le gouvernement frangais repartira cette somme entre
les parties interessees dont les droits ont dte legalement etablis devant
lui, et un raison de ces memes droits, et il est convenu entre les Parties
Contractantes que un million de taels sera destine a indemniser les
sujets frangais ou proteges par la France, des pertes qu'ils ont
eprouvees ou des traitements qu'ils ont subis, et que les sept millions
de taels restant seront affectes aux depenses occasionndes par la
guerre.
Art. VL— Conformiment a I'Edit Imjierial rendu le vingt mars, Beiigions cRiab-
mil huit cent quarante-six, par I'auguste Empereur Tao-Kouang, les jiavB been ^^^"^
etablissements religieux et de bienfaisance qui ont dte confisquees aux conflscatedtobo
Chretiens pendant les persecutions dont ils ont 6t6 les vicliraes, seront
rendus a leurs proprietaires par I'entremise du Ministre de France en
Chine, auquel le gouvernement Imperial les fera delivrer, avec les
cimetiere et les autres edifices qui en dependaient.*
Art. VII. — La ville et le port de Tientsin, dans le province de Tientsin opened
Petchdli, seront ouvertes au commerce etranger aux memes conditions ° ™ ^'
que le sont les autres villes et ports de I'empire oa re commerce est
permis, et cela a dater du jour de la signature de la pveseiite Conven-
tion, qui sera obligatoire pour les deux nations sans qu'il soit necessaire
d'en ^changer les ratifications, et qui aura meme force et valeur que si
elle ^tait inseree, mot a mot, dans le Traite de Tientsin.
* The following is the translation of the Chinese text of the above article : —
Art. VI. It shall be promulgated throughout the length and breadth of the "
land, in the terms of the Imperial Edict of the 20th February, i846, that it is
permitted to all people in all parts of China to propagate and practice the "teach-
ings of the Lord of Heaven," to meet together for the preaching of the doctrine,
to build churches and to worship ; further, all such as indiscriminately arrest
[Christians] shall be duly punished ; and such churches, schools, cemeteries, lands,
and buildings, as were owned on former occasions by persecuted Cliristians shall
be paid for, and the money handed to the French Representative at Peking, for
transmission to the Christians in the localities concerned. It is, in addition,
permitted to French Missionaries to rent and purch\se land in all the provinces,
and to erect buildings thereon at pleasure.
[ 74 ]
Ttent3fn'°'Taku ^^^ troupes frangaises qui occupent cette ville, apres le paiement
and north coast des cinq cent tnille taels dont il est question dans I'Article IV de la
oooiipiM""^ prdsente Convention, pourront I'^vacuer pour aller s'^tablir a Ta-kou
at sur la cote no(d du Shang-tong, d'ou elles se retireront ensuite dans
les memes conditions que pr^sid^ront a I'^vacuation des autres points
qu'elles occupent sur le littoral de Tempire. Les Commandants-en-
chef des forces frangaises auront cependant le droit de faire hiverner
leurs troupes de toutes armes a Tientsin, s'ils jugent convenable, et
de ne les en retirer qu'au moment ou les indemnites dues par le
gouvernement chinois auraient ete entierement payees, a moins cepen-
dant qu'il ne convienne aux Commandants-en-chef de les en faire partir
avant cette epoque.
various*po?n'ts Art. VIII. — II est egalement convenu que des que la presente
until completion Convention aura ete signee et que les ratification du Traite de Tien-
payments!''*' t^'" auroiit ete echangees, les forces frangaises qui occupent Chusan
evacueront cette lie et que celles qui si trouvent devant Peking se
retireront a Tientsin, a Ta-kou, sur la c6te nord du Shang-tong ou dans
la ville de Canton, et que dans tous ces lieux ou dans chacun d'eux le
gouvernement frangais pourra, sil le juge convenable, y laisser des
troupes jusqu'au moment oil la somme totale de huit millions de taels
sera pay^e en entier.
fi"j^"'5'?" f 1 Art. IX. — II est convenu entre les Hautes Parties Contractantes
aeclarea lawful. ^ .^ . -. m ■ / i m' • > / » \ r
que des que les ratifications du Traite de Tientsin auront ete echangees,
un Edit Imperial ordonnera aux authoritds supdrieures de toutes les
provinces de permettre a tout chinois qui voudrait aller dans les pays
situees au dela des mars pour s'y dtablir ou y chercher fortune, de
s'embarquer lui et sa famille, s'il le veut, sur les bitiment frangais
qui se trouveront dans les ports de I'empire ouverts au commerce
Stranger. II est convenu aussi que dans I'intdret de ces emigres, pour
aussurer leur entiere liberie d'action et sauvegarder leurs interets, les
autorites chinoises competentes s'entendront avec le Ministre de France
en Chine pour faire les rfeglements qui devront assurer a ces engage-
ments, toujours volontaires, les garanties de moralite et de stiret^ qui
doivent y prdsider.
Tonnage Dues. ^RT. X et dernier. — II est bien entendu entre les parties contrac-
Rectilication of,. ,-., . *//.^-,, -,
error in amount tantes que le droii de tonnage qui, par erreur, a ete fixe dans le traite
Treaty'of'" frangais de Tientsin a cinq maces par tonneau sur les b^timents qui
Tientsin. jaugent cent cinquante tonneaux et au-dessus, et qui dans les traites
signes avec I'Angleterre et les Etats Unis en mil huit cent cinquante-
huit n'est porte qu'a la somme de quatre maces, ne s'elevera qu'a cette
meme somme de quatre maces, sans avoir a invoquer le dernier
paragraphe de TArticle XXVII du Traitd de Tientsin, qui donne a
la France le droit formel de reclamer le traitement de la nation la plus
favorisde.
La presente Convention de Paix a i\.i faite a Pdkin, en quatre
expeditions, le vingt-cinq octobre, mil hui cent soixante, et y a etd
signee par les Pldnipotentiaires respectifs, qui y ont appose le sceau de
leurs armes.
[L.S.] (Signe) Bon GROS.
[L.S.] (Signd) KONG.
Precis- Verbal.
Protocol of Le 25 octobre, i860, les Hauts Commissaires des Empires des
KatmoatfonL France et de la Chine, munis de pleins pouvoirs, trouvds reciproque-
ment en bonne et due forme, savoir ; pour 1' Empire de France, son
[ 75 ]
Excellence le Baron Gros, Senateur de I'Empire, et Ambassadeul-
Extraordinaire de Sa Majeste TEmpereur des Frangais en Chine, Grand
Officer de la Legion d'Honneur, Chevalier Grand-Croix de plusieurs
Ordres, etc., etc, etc. ; et pour I'Empire Chinois, son Altesse Imperiale
le Prince de Kong, membre de la famille Impferiale, et Haut
Commissaire, etc., etc., etc.; se sont rdunis au Palais du Lipou dans
Peking, a I'efFet de proceder a I'echange des ratifications du Traite de
paix, d'amiti^ et de commerce, signe a Tientsin le 27 Juin, 1858, ayant
avec eux les Secretaires et les Interpretes des deux nations, et son
Excellence M. le Haut Commissaire de France a remis entre les mains
de son Altesse Imperiale le Prince de Kong Tinstrument original du
Traite de Tientsin, transcrit dans les deux langues et revetu du grand
sceau de I'Etat de I'Empire de France, et de la signature de Sa Majeste
I'Empereur des Frangais, qui declare dans cet acte, que toutes les
clauses du dit traite sont ratifides et seront fiddlement execut^es.
Son Altesse Imperiale ayant re§u le Traits ratifie, a remis a son
tour a son Excellence M. le Haut Commissaire Frangais I'un des
exemplaires du meme traite approuvd et ratifie au pinceau vermilion
par Sa Majeste I'Empereur de la Chine.
Et I'dchange des ratifications du Traite signe a Tientsin en 1858
ayant eu lieu, les Hauts Commissaires Imp^riaux ont signe le present
procfes-verbal, rddigd par leurs Secretaires respectifs, et y ont fait
apposer le cachet de leurs armes.
Fait en double expedition, a Peking, dans I'une des salles du
Palais du Lipou, le 25 Octobre, i860.
(Signe) Bon. GROS.
(Signe) KONG.
t 76 ]
Uj^ITED states of AMERICA.
TREATY OF PEACE, AMITY, AND COMMERCE BETWEEN
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE
CHINESE EMPIRE.
Signed at IVanghia (near Macao) in the Etiglish and Chinese
Languages, ^rd July, 1844.
Ratifications exchanged at Canton, jist December, 184.3.
The United States of x'\merica and the Ta Tsing Empire, desiring
to establish firm, lasting and sincere friendship between the two nations,
have resolved to fix, in a manner clear and positive, by means of a
Treaty, or general Convention of peace, amity, and commerce, the
rules which shall in future be mutually observed in the intercourse of
their respective countries ; for which most desirable object, the
President of the United States has conferred full powers on their
SiXcu'-'i'iin''' Commissioner Caleb Cushing, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
'"""*' Plenipotentiary of the United States to China; and the August
Sovereign of the Ta Tsing Empire, on his Minister and Commissioner
Kiyiiig. Extraordinary Kiying, of the Imperial House, a vice-guardian of the
heirapparent,Governor-GeneraloftheTwoKwang, and Superintendent-
General of the trade and foreign intercourse of the five ports.
And the said Commissioners, after having exchanged their said full
powers, and duly considered the premises, have agreed to the following
roaceiob« Articles:— ^, , „ ,
mairiiiiined. Art. I. — There shall be a perfect, permanent and universal
peace, and a sincere and cordial amity, between the United States of
America on the one part, and the Ta Tsing Empire on the other part,
and between their people respectively, without exception of persons or
places.
Duties to be Art. II. — Citizens of the United States, resorting to China for
it™ci,eIftoThi.s the purposes of commerce, will pay the duties of import and export
Treaty. prescribed in the tariff, which is fixed by and made a part of this
Treaty. They shall in no case be subject to other or higher duties
than are or shall be required of the people of any other nation whatever.
Fees and charges of every sort are wholly abolished, and officers of
the revenue who may be guilty of exaction shall be punished according
to the laws of China. If the Chinese Government desire to modify in
any respect the said tariff, such modifications shall be made only in
consultation with Consuls or other functionaries thereto duly authorized
in beha'f of the United States, and with consent thereof. And if
additional advantages or privileges of whatever description be conceded
hereafter by China to any other nation, the United States and the
citizens thereof shall be entitled thereupon to a complete, equal and
impartial participation in the same.
[ 77 ]
\
Art. III. — The citizens of the United States are permitted to Trade mi
frequent the five ports of Kwangchau, Amoy, Fiihchau, Ningpo and fivl^portsA
Shanghai, and to reside with their families and to proceed at pleasure, \
with their vessels and merchandise to or from any foreign port, and "^
from either of the said five ports to any other of them. But said
vessels shall not unlawfully enter the other ports of China, nor carry
on a clandestine and fraudulent trade along the coasts thereof And
any vessel, belonging to a citizen of the United States, which violates
this provision, shall with her cargo be subject to confiscation to the
Chinese Government.
Art. IV.— For the superintendence and regulation of the concerns consul to be
of the citizens of the United States doing business at the said fiveSpOTt."'
ports, the Government of the United States may appoint Consuls, or
other officers, at the same, who shall be duly recognized as such by the
officers of the Chinese Government, and shall hold official intercourse
and correspondence with the latter, either personal or in writing, as
occasion may require, on terms of equality and reciprocal respect. If
disrespectfully treated or aggrieved in any way by the local authorities,
the said officers on the one hand shall have the right to make
representation of the same to the superior officers of the Chinese
Government, who will see that full inquiry and strict justice be had in
the premises; and on the other hand, the said Consuls will carefully
avoid all acts of unnecessary offense to, or collision with, the officers
and people of China.
Art. V. — At each of the said five ports, citizens of the United import and
States lawfully engaged in commerce, shall be permitted to import ^^'^fi^tJ!;"'"'
from their own or any other ports into China, and sell there, and
purchase therein and export to their own or any other ports, all
manner of merchandise, of which the importation or exportation is not
prohibited by this Treaty, paving the duties which are pre scribed
by the tariff hereinbefore estab lished, and no other charges whatsoeve r.
Art. VI. — Whenever anymerchant vessel belonging to the United Rate of
States shall enter either of the said five ports for trade, her papers tobe'paid." '"*'
shall be lodged with the Consul, or person charged with affairs, who
will report the same to the Commissioner of Customs; and tonnage
duty shall be paid on said vessel at the rate of five mace per ton, if she
be over one hundred and fifty tons burden; and one mace per ton, if
she be of the burden of one hundred and fifty tons or under, according
to the amount of her tonnage as specified in the register; said pay-
ment to be in full of the former charges of measurement and other
fees, which are wholly abolished. And if any vessel, which, having
anchored at one of the said ports, and there paid tonnage duty, shall
have occasion to go to any others of the said ports to complete
the disposal of her cargo, the Consul or person charged with affairs,
will report the same to the Commissioner of Customs, who, on the
departure of the said vessel, shall note on the port-clearance that the
tonnage duties have be€n paid, and report the same to the other
Custom-houses : in which case, on entering another port, the said
vessel will only pay duty there on her cargo, but shall not be subject
to the payment of tonnage duty a second time.
Art. VII. — No tonnage duty shall be required on boats belonging Boats with pass-
to citizens of the United States, employed in the conveyance of ^?f .^''^'oJ^f^fy'
p.nssengers, baggage, letters, and articles of provision, or others not Tonnage Duty,
subject to duty, to or from any of the five ports. All cargo boats,
however, conveying merchandise subject to duty, shall pay tfie regular
[ 78 ]
Hiring Pilots,
labourers, serv-
ants, boats, etc.
Customs officers
to guard ships
in port.
Rules about di^
rhar;^ing cargo
iti part or in
whole.
Examination of
goods for pay-
ment of duties.
Standard bal-
ances and
measures to be
furnished.
tonnage duty of one mace per ton, provided they belong to citizens
of the United Slates, but not if hired by them from subjects of China.
Art. VIII. — Citizens of the United States, for their vessels bound
in, shall be allowed to engage pilots, who will report said vessels at
the passes, and take them into port; and when the lawful duties have
all been paid, they may engage pilots to leave port. It shall also be
lawful for them to hire at pleasure, servants, compradores, linguists,
and writers, and passage or cargo boats; and to employ laboreis,
seamen, and. persons for whatever necessary service for a reasonable
compensation to be agreed on by the parties, or settled by application
to the consular officer of their government without interference on the
part of the local oflficers of the Chinese Government.
Art. IX. — Whenever merchant vessels belonging to the United
States shall have entered port, the Superintendent of Customs will, if
he see fit, appoint Custom-house ofiScers to guard said vessels, who
may live on board the ship or their own boats at their convenience;
but provision for the subsistence of said officers shall be made by the
Superintendent of Customs, and they shall not be entitled to any
allowance from the vessel or owner thereof; and they shall be subject
to suitable punishment for any exaction practised by them in violation
of this regulation.
Art. X. — Whenever a merchant vessel belonging to the United
States shall cast anchor in either of the said port.s, the supercargo,
master, or consignee will, within forty-eight hours, deposit the ship's
papers in the hands of the Consul, or person charged with the affairs
of the United States, who will cause to be communicated to the
Superintendent of Customs a true report of the name and tonnage of
such vessel, the names other men, and of the cargo on board, which
being done, the superintendent will give a permit for the discharge of
her cargo. And the master, supercargo, or consignee, if he proceed
to discharge the cargo without such permit, shall incur a fine of five
hundred dollars, and the goods so discharged without permit shall be
subject to forfeiture to the Chinese Government. But if the master
of any vessel in port desire to discharge a part only of the cargo, it
shall be lawful for him to do so, paying duty on such part only, and
to proceed with the remainder to any other ports. Or, if the master
so desire, he may within forty-eight hours after the arrival of the
vessel, but not later, decide to depart without breaking bulk; in which
case he will not be subject to pay tonnage or other duties or charges,
until, on his arrival at another port, he shall proceed to discharge
cargo when he will pay the duties on vessel and cargo according to
law. And the tonnage duties shalU be held to be due after the
expiration of said forty-eight hours.
Art. XI. — The Superintendent of Customs, in order to the
collection of the proper duties, will, on application made to him through
the Consul, appoint suitable officers, who shall proceed, in the presence
of the captain, supercargo, or consignee, to make a just and fair
examination of all goods in the act of being discharged for importation,
or laden for exportation on board any merchant vessel of the United
States. And if dispute occur in regard to the value of goods subject
to an ad valorem duty, or in regard to the amount of tare, and the
same cannot be satisfactorily arranged by the parties, the question
may within twenty-four hours, and not afterwards, be referred to the
said Consul to adjust with the Superintendent of Customs.
Art. XII. — Sets of standard bajances, and also weights and
measures duly prepared, stamped, and sea;kd, according to the standard
[ 5'9 ]
of the Custom-house at Canton, shall be delivered by the Superinten-
dent of Customs to the Consuls at each of the five ports, to secure
uniformity, and prevent confusion in measures and weights of
merchandise.
Art. XII. — The tonnage duly on vessels belonging to citizens Duties to be
of the United States shall be paid on their being admitted to entry, sh-pc" k°ave?
Duties of import shall be paid on the discharge of the goods, and
duties of export on the lading of the same. When all such duties shall
have been paid, and not before, the Superintendent of Customs shall
give a port-clearance, and the Consul shall return the ship's papers, so
that she may depart on her voyage. The duties shall be paid to the
shroffs authorized by the Chinese Government to receive the same in
its behalf. Duties payable by merchants of the United States shall be
received either in sycee silver or in foreign money, at the rate of
exchange as ascertained by the regulations now in force. And
imported goods, on their re-sale or transit in any part of the Empire,
shall be subject to the imposition of no higher duty than they are
accustomed to pay at the date of this Treaty.
Art. XIV. — No goods on board any merchant vessel of the United Transhipment of
States in part are to be transiiipped to another vessel, unless tiiere be ^"/J^fon^oJJfy'
particular occasion therefor; in which case the occasion shall be
certified by the Consul to the Superintendent of Customs, who may
appoint officeis to examine into the facts, and permit the transhipment.
And if any goods be transhipped without such application, inquir)',
and permit, they shall be subject to be forfeited to the Chinese
Government.
Art. XV. — The former limitation of the trade of foreign nations Trade with U.S.
to certain persons appointed at Canton by the Government, and °f™e3°of"
commonly called hong-merchants, having been abolished, citizens of Chinese,
tiie United States engaged in the purchase or sale of goods of import
or export, are admitted to trade with any and all subjects of China
without distinction; they shall not be subject to any new limitations,
nor impeded in their business by monopolies or other injurious
restrictions.
Art, XVI. — -The Chinese Governinent will not hold itself respon- Governments
sible for any debts which may happen to be due from subjects of Ciiina fofd'e'bteSmeir
to citizens of the United States, or for frauds committed by them; but subjects.
citizens of the United States may seek redress in law ; and on suitable
representation being made to the Chinese local authorities through the
Consul, they will cause due examination in the premises, and take all
proper steps to compel satisfaction. But in case the debtor be dead or
without property, or have absconded, the creditor cannot be indemnifi-
ed according to the old system of the co-hong so called. And if
citizens of the United States be indebted to subjects of China, the latter
may seek redress in the same way through the Consul, but without
any responsibihty for the debt on the part of the United States.
Art. XVII. — Citizens of the United States, residing or sojourning Facilities to be
at any of the ports open to foreign commerce, shall enjoy all proper enjoyed at ports,
accommodation in obtaining houses and places of business, or in hiring
sites from the inhabitants on which to construct houses and places of
business, and also hospitals, churches and cemeteries. The local
authorities of the two Governments shall select in concert the sites for
the foregoing objects, having due regard to the feelings of the people
in the location thereof; and the parties interested will fix the rent by
mutual agreement, the proprietors, on the one hand not demanding
an exorbitant price, nor the merchants on the other reasonably
[ 80 1
Learning the
Chinese lan-
guage.
Protection
granted to peace
able resitlents.
Goods not to be
subjected to a
second duty.
Americans
amenable to
their own
Consuls.
insisting on particular spots, but each conducting with justice and
moderation. And any desecration of said cemeteries by subjects of
China, shall be severely punished according to law. At the places of
anchorage of the vessels of the United States, the citizens of the
United States, merchants, seamen, or others sojourning there, may
pass and repass in the immediate neighbourhood; but they shall not at
their pleasure make excursions into the country among the villages at
large, nor shall they repair to public marts for the purpose of disposing
of goods unlawfully, and in fraud of the revenue. And iri order to
the preservation of the public peace, the local officers of government
at each of the five ports shall, in concert with the Consuls, define the
limits beyond which it shall not be lawful for citizens of the United
States to go.
Art. XVIII. — It shall be lawful for the officers or citizens of the
United States to employ scholars and people of any part of China,
without distinction of persons, to teach any of the languages of the
Empire, and to assist in literary labors; and the persons so employed
shall not for that cause be subject to any injury on the part either of
the government or of individuals ; and it shall, in the like manner, be
lawful for citizens of the United States to purchase all manner of
books in China.
Art. XIX. — All citizens of the United States in China peaceably
attending to their affairs, being placed on a common footing of amity
and goodwill with subjects of China, shall receive and enjoy for
themselves, and everything appertaining to them, the special protection
of the local authorities of government, who shall defend then* from all
insult or injury of any sort on the part of the Chinese. If their
dwelling or property be threatened or attacked by mobs, incendiaries,
or other violent and lawless persons, the local officers, on requisition
of the Consul, will immediately dispatch a military force to disperse
the rioters, and will apprehend the guilty individuals, and punish
them with the utmost rigor of the law.
Art. XX. — Citizens of the United States who may have imported
merchandise into any of the free ports of China, and paid the duty
thereon, if they desire to export the same in part or in whole to any
other of the said ports, shall be entitled to make application through
their Consul, to the Superintendent of Customs, who, in order to
prevent frauds on the revenue, shall cause examination to be made by
suitable ofificers to see that the duties paid on such goods as are entered
on the Custom-house books, correspond with the representation made,
and that the goods remain with their original marks uncharged, and
shall then make a memorandum in the port-clearance of the goods
and the amount of duties paid on the same, and deliver the same to
the merchant, and shall also certify the facts to the officers of Customs
of the other ports; all which being done, on the arrival in port of the
vessel in which the goods are laden, and everything being found on
examination there to correspond, she shall be permitted to break bulk,
and land the said goods without being subject to the payment of any
additional duty thereon. But if, on such examinations, the Superin-
tendent of Customs shall detect any fraud on the revenue in the case,
then the goods shall be subject to forfeiture and confiscation to the
Chinese Government.
Art. XXI. — Subjects of China, who may be guilty of any criminal
act towards citizens of the United States, shall be arrested and
punished by the Chinese authorities according to the laws of China.
4nd citizens of Unite4 States, who may commit any crinie iq
[ 81 J
China, shall be subject to be tried and punished only by the Consul,
or other public functionary of the United States thereto authorized,
according to the laws of the United States. And in order to the
prevention of all controversy and disaffection, justice shall be equitably
and impartially administered on both sides.
Art. XXII. — Relations of peace and amity between the United American Bhip«
States and China being established by this Treaty, and the vessels of '"*'"'^ '"''"•
the United States being admitted to trade freely to and from the five
ports of China open to foreign commerce, it is further agreed, that if in
case, at any time hereafter, China should be at war with any foreign
nation whatever, and should for that cause exclude such nation from
entering her ports, still the vessels of the United States shall not the
less continue to pursue their commerce in freedom and security, and
to transport goods to and from the ports of the belligerent parties, full
respect being paid to the neutrality of the flag of the United States :
Provided, that the said flag shall not protect vessels engaged in the
transportation of officers or soldiers in the enemy's service ; nor shall
said flag be fraudulently used to enable the enemy's ships with their
cargoes to enter the ports of China ; but all such vessels so offending
shall be subject to forfeiture and confiscation to the Chinese
Government.
Art. XXIII. — The Consuls of the United States at each of the u. s. Trade
five ports open to foreign trade shall make annually to the respective "port' to be
Governors-General thereof a detailed report of the number of vessels to the Governor-
belonging to the United States which have entered and left said ports <5™«rai.
during the year, and of the amount and value of goods imported or
exported in said vessels, for transmission to aiid inspection of the
Board of Revenue.
Art. XXIV. — If citizens of the United States have special occa- settlement of
sion to address any communication to the Chinese local ofBcers of u°|."cftiMnrand
government, they shall submit the same to their Consul, or other ciimese.
officer, to determine if the language be proper and respectful, and the
matter just and right ; in which event, he shall transmit the same to
the appropriate authorities for their consideration and action in the
premises. In like manner, if subjects of China have special occasion
to address the Consul of the United States, they shall submit the
communication to the local authorities of their own government, to
determine if the language be respectful and proper, and the matter
just and right; in which case the said authorities will transmit the
same to the Consul or other officer for his consideration and action in
the premises. And if controversies arise between citizens of the
United States and subjects of China, which cannot be amicably settled
otherwise, the same shall be examined and decided conformably to
justice and equity by the public officers of the two nations acting in
conjunction.
Art. XXV. — All questions in regard to rights, whether of Americaneto
property or person, arising between citizens of the United States in "ntrovMSe"!'"
China, shall be subject to the jurisdiction, and regulated by the
authorities of their own government. And all controversies occurring
in China between citizens of the United States and the subjects of
any other Government shall be regulated by the Treaties existing
between the United States and such Governments respectively, without
interference on the part of China.
Art. XXVI. — ^Merchant vessels of the United States, lying in consuls to
the waters of the five ports of China open to foreign commerce, will pirac?eV"'"'
be under the jurisdiction of the officers of their own government ,who.
I 8^ J
Wrecked ships
and crews to be
protected
No embargo to |
be put on
American shiri
Mutineers and
{■riminals fleeing
from jiisticp.
Mode of official
communication
prescribed.
with the master and owners thereof, will manage the same without
control on 'the part of China. For injuries done to the citizens or the
commerce of the United States by any foreign power, the Chinese
Government will not hold itself bound to make reparation. But if the
merchant vessels of the United States, while within the waters over
which the Chinese Government exercises jurisdiction, be plundered by
robbers or pirates, then the Chinese local authorities, civil and military,
on receiving information thereof, will arrest the said robbers or. pirates,
and punish them according to law, and will cause all the property
which can be i-ecovered to be placed in the hands of the nearest
Consul, or other officers of the United States, to be by him restored to
the true owner. But if, by reason of the extent of territory and
numerous population of China, it should in any case happen that the
robbers cannot be apprehended, or the property only in part recovered,
then the law will take its course in regard to the local authorities, but
the Chinese Government will not make indemnity for the goods lost.
Art. XXVII. — If any vessel oftte United States shall be wrecked
or stranded on the coast of China, and be subjected to plunder or
other damage, the proper officers of government, on receiving inform-
ation of the fact, will immediately adopt measures for their relief and
security ; and the persons on board shall receive friendly treatment,
and be enabled at once to repair to the most convenient of the five
ports, and shall enjoy all facilities for obtaining supplies of provisions
and water. And if a vessel shall be forced, in whatever way, to take
refuge in any port other than one of the five ports, then in like
manner the persons on board shall receive friendly treatment, and the
means of safety and security.
Art. XXVIII. — Citizens of the United States, their vessels and
property, shall not be subject to any embargo; nor shall they be
seized or forcibly detained for any pretence of the public service : but
they shall be suffered to prosecute their commerce in quiet, and
without molestation or embarrassment.
Art. XXIX. — The local authorities of the Chinese Government
will cause to be apprehended all mutineers or deserters from on board
the vessels of the United States in China, and will deliver them up to
the Consuls or other officers for punishment. And if criminals,
subjects of China, take refuge in the houses or on board the vessels of
citizens of the United States, they shall not be harboured or concealed,
but shall be delivered up to justice, on due requisition by the Chinese
local officers, addressed to those of the United States. The merchants,
seamen, and other citizens of the United States shall be under the
su perintendence of the appropriate officers of their gov e rnments . If
itidividuals of either nation commit acts of violence and disorder, use
arms to the injury of others, or create disturbances endangering life,
the officers of the two Governments will exert themselves to enforce
order, and to maintain the public peace, by doing impartial justice in
the premises.
Art. XXX. — The superior authorities of the United States and
of China, in corresponding together, shall do so in terms of equality,
and in the form of mutual communication (cMu hwui). The Consuls
and the local officers, civil and military, in corresponding together,
shall likewise employ the style and form of mutual communication
(chau hwui). When inferior officers of the one Government address
superior officers of the other, they shall do so in the style and form of
memorial (shin chin). Private individuals in addressing superior
officers shall employ the style of petition (pin ching). In no case
[ 83 ]
shall any terms or style be suffered which shall be offensive or dis-
respectful to either party. And it is agreed that no presents, under
any pretext or form whatever shall ever be demanded of the United
States by China, or of China by the United States.
Art. XXXI. — Communications from the Government of theUnited f""!^^^"^^]"!';
States to the Court of China shall be transmitted through the medium
of the Imperial Commissioner charged with the superintendence of the
concerns of foreign nations with China, or through the Governors-General
of the Liang Kwang, that of Min and Cheh^ or that of the Liang Kiang.
Art. XXXIL— Whenever ships of war of the United States, in ships of war
cruising for the protection of the commerce of their country, shall ™^y "*''*"">■
arrive at any of the ports of China, the Commanders of said ships,
and the superior local authorities of government shall hold intercourse
together in terms of equality and courtesy, in token of the friendly
relations of their respective nations. And the said ships of war shall
enjoy all suitable facilities on the part of the Chinese Government in
the purchase of provisions, procuring water, and making repairs, if
occasion require.
Art. XXXIII. — Citizens of the United States, who shall attempt clandestine
to trade clandestinely with such of the ports of China as are not open disoiimved?'' ™
to foreign commerce, or who shall trade in opium or any other
contraband article of merchandise, shall be subject to be dealt with
by the Chinese Government, without being entitled to any countenance
or protection from that of the United States ; and the United States will
take measures to prevent their flag from being abused by the subjects
of other nations, as a cover for the violation of the laws of the Empire.
Art. XXXIV. — When the present Convention shall have been Revision of thi
definitively concluded, it shall be obligatory on both powers, and its ^■'""'y-
provisions shall not be altered without grave cause ; but, inasmuch as
the circumstances of the several ports of China open to foreign
commerce are different, experience may show that inconsiderable
modifications are requisite in those parts which relate to commerce
and navigation ■ in which case the two Governments will, at the
expiration of twelve years from the date of said Convention, treat
amicably concerning the same, by the means of suitable persons
appointed to conduct such negotiation.
And when ratified, this Treaty shall be faithfully observed in all
its parts by the United States and China, and by every citizen and
subject of each. And no individual state of the United States can
appoint or send a Minister to China to call in question the provisions
of the same.
The present Treaty of peace, amity, and commerce shall be ratified
and approved By the President of the United States, by and with the
advice and consent of the Senate thereof, and by the August Sovereign
of the Ta Tsing Empire ; and the ratifications shall be exchanged
within eighteen months from the date of the signature thereof, or
sooner if possible.
In faith whereof, we, the respective Plenipotentiaries of the United
States of America, and of the Ta Tsing Empire, as aforesaid, have
signed and sealed these presents.
Done at Wanghia, this third day of July, in the year of our Lord
Jesus Christ, one thousand eight hundred and forty-four, and of
Tau Kwang, the twenty-fourth year, fifth month, and eighteenth day.
[L.S.] (Signed) C. GUSHING.
[L.S.] (Signed) ^ TSIYENQ.
t 84 ]
TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
AND THE CHINESE EMPIRE.
Signed, in the English and Chinese Languages, at Tientsin, iSth/une, 18^8.
Eatifications exchanged at Peking, i6th August, i85g.
PROCLAMATION.
Whereas a Treaty of amity and commerce between the United
States of America and the Ta Tsing Empire was negotiated between
the Plenipotentiaries of those nations, and signed by them, in the
EngUsh and Chinese languages, on the i8th day of June, 1858, at
Tientsin, which Treaty has been ratified by the President of the United
States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof, and
by the Emperor of China ; and the said Ratifications have been duly
exchanged :
Therefore be it known that this Treaty is now published for the
general information and guidance of whom it may concern ; and I
hereby call upon all the citizens of the United States residing in, or
visiting this Empire, to obey its stipulations, and thereby promote the
amicable relations now existing between the two nations.
At all the ports open to commerce tonnage duties will be paid on
merchant vessels belonging to the United States, according to the
provisions of this Treaty, on and after the 24th day of November, 1859.
The ports of Chau-chau or Swatau, in the province of Kwangtung,
and Taiwan on Formosa in the province of Fuhkien, will be opened
to American cornmerce, and for Apiericans to reside with their families,
on and after the first day of January, i860.
Given under my hand and seal of office at the Legation of the
United States in Shanghai, this eighth day of November, a.d. one
thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, and of the Independence of the
United States, the eighty-fourth.
(Signed) JOHN E. WARD,
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
of the United States to China.
Attest,
(Signed) W. Wallace Ward,
Secretary of Legation.
The United States of America and the Ta Tsing Empire, desiring
to maintain firm, lasting, and sincere friendship, have resolved to
renew, in a manner clear and positive, by means of Treaty or general
Convention of peace, amity, and commerce, the rules which shall in
future be mutually observed in the intefcourse of their respective
countries; for which most desira;ble object the Presiderjt of the United
]\
[- 8.5, 1
States and the August Sovereign of the Ta Tsing Empire have named
for their Plenipotentiaries, to wit : the President of the United States
of America, William B. Reed, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary to China; and His Majesty the Emperor of China,
Kweiliang, a Member of the Privy Council and Superintendent of Kweiiiang.
the Board of Punishments, and Hwashana, President of the 15oard of Hwasimna.
Civil Office, and Major-General of the Boardered Blue Banner Division
of the Chinese Bannermen, both of them being Imperial Commission-
ers and Plenipotentiaries: And the said Ministers, in virtue of the
respective full powers they have received from their Governments,
have agreed upon the following Articles: — •
Art. I. — There shall be, as there has always been, peace and Feaoe to be
friendship between the United States of America and the Ta Tsing SedtoUon^'
Empire, and between their people respectively. They shall not insult
or oppress each other for any trifling cause, so as to produce an
estrangement between them ; and if any other nation should 'act
unjustly or oppressively, the United States will exert their good offices,
on being informed of the case, to bring about an amicable arrangement
of the question, thus showing their friendly feelings.
Art. II. — In order to perpetuate friendship, on the exchange of Custody of
ratifications by the President, with the advice and consent of the "* '^^•
Senate of the United States, and by His Majesty the Emperor of
China, this Treaty, shall be kept and sacredly guarded in this way,
viz: the original Treaty as ratified by the President of the United
States, shall be deposited at Peking, the capital of His Majesty the
Emperor of China, in charge of the Privy Council; and as ratified by
His Majesty the Emperor of China, shall be deposited at Washington,
the Capital of the United States, in charge of the Secretary of State.
Art. III. — In order that the people of the two countries may Treaties to be
know and obey the provisions of this Treaty, the United States of boWcountrfes.
America agree, immediately on the exchange of ratifications, to
proclaim the same and publish it by proclamation in the gazettes
where the laws of the United States of America are published by
authority, and His Majesty the Emperor of China, on the exchange of
ratifications, agrees immediately to direct the publication of the same
at the capital and by the Governors of all the provinces.
Art. IV. — In order further to perpetuate friendship the Minister correspondence
or Commissioner, or the highest Diplomatic Representative of the MtaTlterand
United States of America in China, shall at all times have the right Chinese officers.
to correspond on terms of perfect equahty and confidence with the
officers of the Privy Council at the capital, or with the Governors-
General of the Two Kwang, the provinces of Fuhkien and Chehkiang,
or of the Two Kiang; and whenever he desires to have such corres-
pondence with the Privy Council at the capital, he shall have the
right to send it through either of the said Governors-General, or by
the general post; and all such communications shall be sent under
seal, which shall be most carefully respected. The Privy Council and
Governors-General, as the case may be, shall in all cases consider and
acknowledge such communications promptly and respectfully.
Art. V. — The Minister of the United States of America in China, Periodical visits
, ,, , , . 1 , , • •.. J • . of the Minister
whenever he has business, shall have the right to visit and sojourn at to Peking.
the capital of His Majesty the Emperor of China, and there confer
with a member of the Privy Council, or any other high officer of equal
rank deputed for the purposes, on matters of common interest and
advantage. His visits shall not exceed one in each year, and he shall
complete his business without unnecessary delay.
[ 86 ]
He shall be allowed to go by land, or come to the mouth of the
Pei-ho, into which he shall not bring ships of war, and he shall inform
the authorities at that place in order that boats may be provided for
him to go on his journey. He is not to take advantage of this stipu-
lation to request visits to the capital on trivial occasions. Whenever
he means to proceed to the capital, he shall communicate in writing
his intention to the Board of Rites at the capital, and thereupon the
said Board shall give the necessary directions to facilitate his journey,
and give him necessary protection and respect on his way. On his
arrival at the capital, he shall be furnished with a suitable residence
prepared for him, and he shall defray his own expenses ; and his entire
suite shall not exceed twenty persons, exclusive of his Chinese
attendants, none of whom shall be engaged in trade.
Residence of Art. VI. — If at any time His Majesty the Emperor of China shall,
U.S. Minister at by Treaty voluntarily made or for any other reason, permit the repre-
^ '"^' sentative of any friendly nation to reside at his capital for a long or
short time, then, without any further consultation or express
permission, the representative of the United States in China shall have
the same privilege.
Manner of official Art. VII. — The superior authorities of the United States and of
oorrebpon ence. qi^j,.!^ -^^ corresponding together shall do so on terms of equality and
in form of mutual communication (chau hwui). The Consuls and
the local officers, civil and military, in corresponding together, shall
likewise employ the style and form of mutual communication (chaii
hivui). When inferior officers of the one Government address
superior officers of the other, they shall do so in the style and form of
memorial (shin chin). Private individuals in addressing superior
officers shall employ the style of petition (pin chin). In no case
shall any term of style be used or suffered which shall be offensive or
disrespectful to either party. And it is agreed that no presents, under
any pretext or form whatever, shall ever be demanded of the United
States by China or of China by the United States.
P(M»on.Ti official Art. VIII. — In all future personal intercourse between the repre-
interviews. sentative of the United States of America and the Governors-General
or Governors, the interviews shall be had at the official residence of
the said officers, or at their temporary residence, or at the residence
of the Representative of the United States of America, whichever may
be agreed upon between them; nor shall they make any pretext for
declining these interviews. Current matter shall be discussed by
correspondence, so as not to give the trouble of a personal meeting.
U.S. national Art. IX. — Whenever national vessels of the United States. of
shiiw visiting America in cruising along the coast and among the ports opened for
ports in OllIDU. -i/>i ' r ^ i-»'
trade for the protection of the commerce of their country, or for the
advancement of science, shall arrive at or near any of the ports of
China, Commanders of said ships and the superior local authorities of
government shall, if it be necessary, hold intercourse on terms of
equality and courtesy, in token of the friendly relations of their
respective nations, and the said vessels shall enjoy all suitable facilities
on the part of the Chinese Government in procuring provisions or
other supplies, and making necessary repairs. And the United States
of America agree that in case of the shipwreck of any American vessel,
and its being pillaged by pirates, or in case any American vessel shall
be pillaged or captured by pirates on the seas adjacent to the coast,
without being shipwrecked, the national vessels of th4 United States
shall pursue the said pirates, and if captured, delivet^em over for trial
and punishment.
t ?7 3
Art. X. — The United States of America shall have the right to
appoint Consuls and other commercial agents for the protection of
trade, to reside at such places in the dominions of China as shall be
agreed to be opened; who shall hold official intercourse and corres-
pondence with the local officers of the Chinese Government (a Consul
or a Vice-Consul in charge taking rank with an intendent of circuit or
a prefect), either personally or in writing, as occasion may require, on '"
terms of equality and reciprocal respect. And the Consuls and local
officers shall employ the style of mutual communication. If the
officers of either nation are disrespectfully treated or aggrieved in any
way by the other authorities they have the right to make representa-
tion of the same to the superior officers of their respective governments,
who shall see that full inquiry and strict justice shall be had in the
premises. And the said Consuls and agents shall carefully avoid all
acts of offense to the officers and people of China. On the arrival
of a Consul duly accredited at any port in China, it shall be the duty
of the Minister of the United States to notify the same to the
Governor-General of the province where such port is, who shall
forthwith recognize the said Consul, and grant him authority to act.
Art. XI.— All citizeiis-of the United States of America in China, J™^?°S,ns.''''
peaceably attending to their affairs, being placed on a common footing Arrests.
of amity and goodwill with subjects of China, shall receive and enjoy
for themselves and everything appertaining to them, the protection of
the local authorities of government, who shall defend them from all
insult and injury of any sort. If their dwellings or property be
threatened or attacked by mobs, incendiaries, or other violent or
lawless persons, the local officers, on requisition of the Consul, shall
immediately dispatch a military force to disperse the rioters, apprehend
the guilty individuals, and punish them with the utmost rigor of the
law. Subjects of China guilty of any criminal act towards citizens of
the United States shall be punished by the Chinese authorities accord-
ing to the law of China ; and citizens of the United States, either on
shore or in any merchant vessel, who may insult, trouble, or wound
the persons or injure the property of Chinese, or commit any other
improper act in China, shall be punished only by the Consul or other
public functionary thereto authorized, according to the laws of the
United States. Arrests i n order to trial m a v he made by either the
Chinese or the Umtea states ann-inni-i>s] .
Art. Xil. — Citizens of the United States, residing or sojourning Renting houses,
at any of the ports open to foreign comrofirce, shall be permitted to trade iiear ports.
rent houses and places of business, or hire sites on which they can
themselves build houses or hospitals^ churches and cemeteries. The
parties interested can fix the rent by mutual and equitable agreement ;
the proprietors shall not demand an exhorbitant price, nor shall the
local authorities interfere, unless there be some objections offered on
the part of the inhabitants respecting the place. The legal fees to the
^ o fficers for„ applving their seal shall be paid. The citizens of the
Utaited States shall not unreasonably insist on particular spots, but
tech party shall conduct with justice and moderation. Any desecra- ^/^^^^^l^n^of ^
iaon of the cemeteries by natives of China shall be severely punished punished.
according to law. At the places where the ships of the United States
anchor, or their citizens reside, the merchants, seamen, or others can
freely pass and repass in the immediate neighbourhood ; but, in order
to the preservatiori of the public peace, they shall not go into the
country to the villages and marts to sell their goods unlawfully, in
fraud of the revenue.
[ 88 1
Property saved
to be restored.
Pirates.
Seven open ports
for American
trade.
Duties to be
paid.
Tonnage Dues,
buoys, liglit-
sliips.
Art. XIII. — If any vessel of the United States be wrecked or
stranded on the coast of China, and be subjected to plunder or other
damage, the proper officers of the government, on receiving informa-
tion of the fact, shall immediately adopt measures for its relief and
security; the persons on board shall receive friendly treatment, and
be enabled to repair at once to the nearest port, and shall enjoy all
facilities for obtaining supplies of provisions and water. If the
merchant vessels of the United States, while within the waters over
which the Chinese Government exercises jurisdiction, be plundered by
robbers or pirates, then the Chinese local authorities, civil and military,
on receiving information thereof, shall arrest the said robbers or pirates,
and punish them according to law, and sh^ll cause all the property
which can be recovered to be restored to the owners or placed in the
hands of the Consul. If by reason of the extent of territory and
numerous population of China, it shall in any case happen that the
robbers cannot be apprehended, and the property only in part reco-
vered, the Chinese Government shall not make indemnity for the
goods lost; but if it shall be proved that the local authorities have
been in collusion with the robbers, the same shall be communicated
to the superior authorities for memorializing the Throne, and these
officers shall be severely punished, and their property be confiscated
to repay the losses.
Art. XIV. — The citizens of the United States are permitted to
frequent the ports and cities of Canton and Chauchau or Swatau, in
the province of Kwangtung, Amoy, Fuhchau, and Taiwan in Fovmosa,
in the province of Fuhkien ; Ningpo in the province of Chehkiang ;
and Shanghai in the province of Kiangsu ; and any other port or place
hereafter by Treaty with other powers, or with the United States,
opened to commerce ; and to reside with their families and trade
there, and to proceed at pleasure with their vessels and merchandise
from any ot these ports to any other of them. But said vessels shall
not carry on a clandestine and fraudulent trade at other ports of China
not declared to be legal, or along the coasts thereof; and any vessel
under the American flag violating the provision shall with her cargo,
be subject to confiscation to the Chinese Government ; and any gitizen
of the United States w ho shall trade in any contraband article o f
mer chandise shall be subject to be dealt with _ bx_tb£ Chinese
Gover nment, without being entitled t o any countenance _orjjr ntprtinn
frohi that ~of the United States ; and the United States will take
measures to prevent their flag from being abused by the subject of
other nations as a cover for the violation of the laws of the Empire.
Art. XV. — At each of the ports open to commerce, citizens of
the United States shall be permitted to import from abroad, and sell,
purchase, and export all merchandise of which the importation or
exportation is not prohibited by the laws of the Empire. The_t3ii£La£_
dutigg to be paid by citizens of the United States, on the export and
import of goods from and into China, shall be the same as was agreed
upon at the Treaty of Wanghia, except so far as it may be modified
by treaties with other nations ; it being expressly agreed that citizens
of the United States shall never pay higher duties than those paid by
the most favoured nation.
Art. XVI. — Tonnage duties shall be paid on every merchant
vessel belonging to the United States entering either of the open ports
at the rate of four mace per ton of forty cubic feet, if she be over one
hundred and fifty tons burden ;. and one mace per ton of forty cubic
feet, if she be of the burden of one hundred and fifty tons or under,
C 89 ]
according to the tonnage specified in the register; which, with her
other papers, shall, on her arrivals, be lodged with the Consul, who
shall report the same to the Commissioner of Customs. And if any
vessel, having paid tonnage duty at one port, shall go to any other
po't to complete the disposal of her cargo, or being in ballast, to
purchase an entire or fill up an incomplete cargo, the Consul shall
report the same of the Commissioner of Customs, who shall note on
the port-clearance that the tonnage duties have been paid, and report
the circumstances to the collectors at the other Customs-houses; in
which case, the said vessel shall only pay duty on her cargo, and not
be charged with tonnage duty a second time. The collectors of
Customs at the open ports shall consult with the Consuls about the
erection of beacons or light-houses, and where buoys and light-ships
should be placed.
Art. XVII. — Citizens of the United States shall be allowed to Hiring i,iiots,
engage pilots to take their vessels into port, and when the lawful duties Itc™""^*' '""''^"'
have all been paid, take them out of port. It shall be lawful for them
to hire at pleasure, servants, compradores, linguist?, writers, labourers,
seamen; and persons for whatever necessary service, with passage or
cargo-boats, for a reasonable compensation, to be agreed upon by the
parties or determined by the Consul.
Art. XVIII. — Whenever merchant vessel of the United States Deserters and '
shall enter a port, the collector of Customs shall, if he see fit, appoint by'Tilerr o™''
Custom-house officers to guard said vessels, who may live on board offlceis.
the ship or their own boats, at their convenience. The local authorities
of the Chinese Government shall cause to be apprehended all mutineers
or deserters from on board the vessels of the United States in China
on being informed by the Consul, and will deliver them up to the
Consuls or other officers for punishment. And ifciiminals, subjects
of China, take refuge in the houses or on board the vessels of citizens
of the United States, they shall not be harboured or concealed, but
shall be delivered up to justice on due requisition by the Chinese local
officers, addressed to those of the United States. But merchants,
seamen, and other citizens of the United States shall be under the
superintendence of the appropriate officers of their government. If
individuals of either nation commit acts of violence or disorder, use
arms to the injury of others, or create disturbances endangering life,
the officers of the two Governments will exert themselves to enforce
order and to maintain the public peace, by doing impartial justice in
the premises.
Art. XIX. — Whenever a merchant vessel belonging to the United Rules about
States shall cast anchor in either, of the said ports, the supercargo, reporthig ships.
master, or consignee, shall, within forty-eight hours, deposit the ship's
papers in the hands of the Consul or person charged with his functions,
who shall cause to be communicated to the Superintendent of Customs
a true report of the name and tonnage of such vessel, the number of
her crew, and the nature of her cargo, which being done, he shall
give a permit for her discharge. And the master, supercargo, or
consignee, if he proceed to discharge the cargo without such permit,
shall incur a fine of five hundred dollars, and the goods so discharged
without permit shall be subject to forfeiture to the Chinese Government.
But if a master of any vessel in port desire to discharge a part only
of the cargo, it shall be lawful for him to do so, paying duty on such
part only, and to proceed with the remainder to any other ports.
Or if the master so desire, he may, within forty-eight hours after the
arrival of the vessel, but not later, decide to depart without breaking
[ 90 ]
Kxamiuation of,
or disputes
about cargo.
Imports sent
from one port
to another.
Payment of
duties. Consul
liable.
Penults granted
for tranship-
ment of goods.
bulk; in which case he shall not be subject to pay tonnage or other
duties or charges until, on his arrival at another port, he shall proceed
to discharge cargo, when he shall pay the duties on vessel and cargo,
according to law. And the tonnage duties shall be held due after the
expiration of the said forty-eight hours. In case of the absence of the
Consul or person charged with his functions, the captain or supercargo
of the vessel may have recourse to the Consul of a friendly power ; or,
if he please, directly to the Superintendent of Customs, who shall do
all that is required to conduct the ship's business.
Art. XX. — The Superintendent of Customs, in order to the
collection of the proper duties, shall, on application made to him
through the Consul, appoint suitable officers, who shall proceed in the
presence of the captain, supercargo, or consignee, to make a just and
fair examination of all goods in the act of being discharged or impor-
tation, or laden for exportation, on board any merchant vessel of the
United States. And if disputes occur in regard to the value of goods
subject to ad valorem duty, or in regard to the amount to tare, and the
same cannot be satisfactorily arranged by the parties, the question may
within twenty-four hours, and not afterwards, be referred to the said
Consul to adjust with the Superintendent of Customs.
Art. XXI. — Citizens of the United States, who may have imported
merchandise into any of the free ports of China, and paid the duty
thereon, if they desire to re-export the same in part or in whole to
any other of the said ports, shall be entitled to make application
through their Consul, to the Superintendent of Customs, who, in order
to prevent fraud on the revenue, shall cause examination to be made
by suitable officers to see that the duties paid on such goods as are
entered on the Custom-house books, correspond with the representation
made, and that the goods remain with their original marks unchanged,
and shall then make a memorandum in the port-clearance, of the
goods and the amount of duties paid on the same, and deliver the
same to the merchant, and shall also certify the facts to the officers of
Customs of the other poits; all which being done, on the arrival in
port of the vessel in which the goods are laden, and everything being
found on examination there to correspond, she shall be permitted to
break bulk and land the said goods, without being subject to the
payment of any additional duty th -reon. But if, on such examination,
the Superintendent of Customs snail detect any fraud on the revenue
in the case, then the goods shall be subject to forfeiture and confiscation
to the Chinese Government. Foreign grain or rice brought into any
port of China into a ship of the United States, and not landed, may Ue
re-exported without hindrance.
Art. XXII. — The tonnage duty on vessels of the United States
shall be paid on their being admitted to entry. Duties of import shall
be paid on the discharge of the goods, and duties of export on the
lading of the same. When all such duties shall have been paid, and
not before, the collector of Customs shall give a port-clearance, and
the Consul shall return the ship's papers. The duties shall be paid to
the shroffs authorized by the Chinese Government to receive the same.
Duties shall be paid and received either in sycee silver or in foreign
money, at the rate of the day. If the Consul permits a ship to leave
the port before the duties and tonnage dues are paid, he shall be held
responsible therefor.
_ Art. XXIII. — When goods on board any merchant vessel of the
United States in port require to be transhipped to another vessel,
application shall be made to the Consul, who shall certify what is the
[ 91 ]
occasion therefor to the Superintendent of Customs, who may appoint
officers to examine into the facts and permit the trapshipment. And
if any goods be transhipped without written permits, they sliall be
subject to be forfeited to the Chinese Government.
Art. XXIV. — Where there are debts due by subjects of China to Mamiorof
citizens of the United States, the latter may seek redress in law; and Sf"'™'"'
on suitable representations being made to the local authorities, through
the Consul, they will cause due examination in the premises, and take
proper steps to compel satisfaction. And if citizens of the United
States be indebted to subjects of China, the latter may seek redress
by representation through the Consul, or by suit in the Consular
Court. But neither government will hold itself responsible for such
debts..
Art. XXV. — It shall be lawful for the officers or citizens of the Facilities for
United States to employ scholars and people of any part of China, cSslian'^
without distinction of persons, to teach any of the languages of the s«age.
Empire, and to assist in literary labours j and the persons so employed
shall not for that cause be subject to any injury on the part either of
the Government or individuals; and it shall in like manner be lawful
for citizens of the United States to purchase all manner of books in
China.
Art. XXVI. — Relations of peace and amity between the United fl^erican
States and China being established by this Treaty, and the vessles of neutrals in war
the United States being admitted to trade freely to and from the ports andToTtocoim.
of China open to foreign commerce, it is further agreed that, in case t™^-
of any time hereafter China shall be at war with any foreign nation
wliatever, and should for that cause exclude such nation from entering
her ports, still the vessels of the United States shall not the less
continue to pursue their commerce in freedom and security, and to
transport goods to and from the ports of the beligerent powers, full
respect being paid to the neutrality of the flag of the United States,
provided that the said flag shall not protect vessels engaged in the
transportation of officers or soldiers in the enemy's service, nor shall
said flag be fraudulently used to enable the enemy's ships with their
cargoes, to enter the ports of China; but all such vessels so offending
shall be subject to forfeiture and confiscation to the Chinese
Government.
Art. XXVII. — All questions in regard to rights, whether of p'"™«^<' P*".™?'?
. . ^ , .^. ° - . St .' T _, . have no jurisdic.
property or person, arising between citizens of the United States in Hon in disputes i
China, shall be subject to the jurisdiction and regulated by the author- cftizen™ '''^' 1
ities of their own Government. And all controversies occurring in |
China between citizens of the United States and the subjects of any I
other Government, shall be regulated by the Treaties existing between '
the United States and such Government, respectively, without inter-
ference on the part of China.
Art. XXVIII. — If citizens of the United States have special Mode of u.s.
occasion to address any communication to the Chinese local officers of ing cwnese
Government, they shall submit the same to their Consul or other o^'^"^^-
officer, to determine if the language be proper and respectful, and the
matter just and right, in which event he shall transmit the same to
the appropriate authorities for their consideration and action in the
premises. If subjects of China have occasion to address the Consul
of the United States, they may address him directly, at the same time
they inform their own officers, representing the. case for his considera-
tion and action in the premises; and if controversies arise between
citizens of the United States and subjects of China, which cannot be
[ 92 ]
amicably settled otherwise, the same shall be examined and decided
conformably to justice and equity by the public officers of the two
nations, acting in conjunction. The extortion of illegal fees is
expressly prohibited. Any peaceable person's are allowed to enter the
court in order to interpret, lest injustice be done.
ra.risuir°"''' Art. XXIX.— The principles of the Christian religion, as pro-
reiigion. fessed by the Protestant and Roman Catholic churches, are recognized
as teaching men to do good, and to do to others as they would have
others to do to them. Hereafter, those who quietly profess and teach
these doctrines shall not be harassed or persecuted on account of
their faith. Any person, whether citizen of the United States or
Chinese convert, who according to thes^tennets peaceably teach and
practise the principles of Christianity, shall in no case be interfered
with or molested.
American Art. XXX. — The contractins parties hereby agree that, should
citizens to enjoy . . . ° t- J d i
tiiesame at any tune the la Ismg tmpire grant to any nation, or the merchants
oSiers."''^ "'^ O"" citizens of any nation, any right, privilege or favour, connected either
with navigation, commerce, political, or other intercourse, which is
not conferred by this Treaty, such right, privilege, and favour shall at
once freely enure to the benefit of the United States, its public
officers, merchants, and citizens.
The present Treaty of peace, amity, and commerce shall be ratified
by the President of the United States, by and with the advice and
consentof the Senate, within one year, or sooner if possible, and by
the August Sovereign of the Ta Tsing Empire forthwith; and the
ratifications shall be exchanged within one year from the date of the
signatures thereof.
In faith whereof, we, the respective Plenipotentiaries of the United
States of America and of the Ta Tsing Empire, as aforesaid, have
signed and sealed these presents.
Done at Tientsin, this eighteenth day of June, in the year of our
Lord one thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, and the Independence
of the United States of America the eighty-second, and in the eighth
year of Hien Fung, fifth month, and eighty day.
[L.S.] (Signed) WILLIAM B. REED.
[L.S.] (Signed) KWEILIANG.
[L.S.] (Signed) HWASHANA.
[To the foregoing Treaty are appended a Tariff and Rules identical
with those appended to the British Treaty of Tientsin.]
[ 93 ]
ADDITIONAL ARTICLES TO THE TREATY BETWEEN THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE TA TSING
EMPIRE OF i8th OF JUNE, 1858.
Signed, in the English and Chinese Languages, at Washington,
28 th July, 1868.
Ratified at Peking, 2jrd November, i86g.
Whereas, since the conclusion of the Treaty between the United
States of America and the Ta Tsing Empire (China) of the i8th of
June, 1858, circumstances have arisen showing the necessity of
additional articles thereto : the President of the United States and the
August Sovereign of the Ta Tsing Empire have named for their
Plenipotentiaries to wit the President of the United States of America, pienipo-
\yilliam H. Seward, Secretary of State; and His Majesty the Emperor ^"^^'1^^^^^^
of China, Anson Burlingame, accredited as his Envoy Extraordinary Anson; '
and Minister Plenipotentiary, and Chih Kang, and Sun Chia-ku, ofcwh^^ind
the second Chinese rank, associated high Envoys and Ministers of his Sun CMa-ku.
said Majesty; and the said Plenipotentiaries, after having exchanged
their full powers, found to be in due and proper form, have agreed
upon the following articles: —
Art. I. — His Majesty the Emperor of China, being of the opinion No power hostile
that in making concessions to the citizens or subjects of foreign rttaoku!'^'
powers, of the privilege of residing on certain tracts of land, or oiWzsns or pro.
resorting to certain waters of that Empire, for purposes of trade, he ?oncessionau.s.
has by no means relinquished his right of eminent domain or dominion ciuzlns or"*°^
over the said lands and waters, hereby agrees that no such concession subjects of any
or grant shall be construed to give to any power or party, which may uTamcSoss',"
be at war with or hostile to the United States, the right to attack the ''"' ™y/*^'^'.
citizens of the United States, or their property, within the said lands nesejurisaiction
or waters: And the United States, for themselves, hereby agree to j^jj^j^- <"°™^"
abstain from offensively attacking the citizens or subjects of any
power or party or their property, with which they may be at war, on
any such tract of land or waters of the said Empire. But nothing in
this article shall be construed to prevent the United States from
resisting an attack by any hostile power or party upon their citizens
or their property.
It is further agreed that if any right or interest in any tract of
land in China has been, or shall hereafter be granted by the Govern-
ment of China to the United States or their citizens for purposes of
trade or commerce, — that grant shall in no event be construed to
divest the Chinese authorities of their right of jurisdiction over persons
and property within said tract of land except so far as the right may
have been expressly relinquished by Treaty.
Art. II.^^The United States of America and His Majesty the Any privilege of
Emperor of China, believing that the safety and prosperity of com- navigation not
raerce will thereby best be promoted, agree that any p^rivilege or ^litjfiia sj'
immunity ia" respect to trade or navigation wiifhin the Chinese sutii'e«to'l4i9
[ 94 ]
«tion of the
ese
/ermuent.
Consuls to the
U.S.
U. S. citizens in
China and
Chinese subjects
in U. S. shall
enjoy liberty of
conscience and
be exempt from
religious perse-
cution. All
cemeteries shall
be respected.
Voluntary
emigration.
U. S. citizens in
China and
Chinese subjects
in U. S. shall
enjoy all privi-
leges of travel
and residence
enjoyed by
citizens or
subjects of the
most favoured
nation.
Naturalization
not conferred.
U. S. citizens in
China and
Chinese subjects
in U. S. shaU
enjoy all privi-
leges of public
educational
institutions
enjoyed by
the citizens or
subjects of the
most favoured
nation.
U. S. shall not
intervene in the
domestic, -
dominions which may not have been stipulated for by Treaty, shall be
subject to the discretion of the Chinese Government, and may be
regulated by it accordingly, but not in a manner or spirit incompatible
with the Treaty stipulations of the parties.
Art. Ill,— The Emperor of China shall have the right to appoint
Consuls at ports of the United States, who shall enjoy the same
privileges and immunities as those which are enjoyed by pubhc law
and Treaty in the United States by the Consuls of Great Britain and
Russia or either of them.
Art, IV. — The 29th Article of the Treaty of the i8th of June,
189s, having stipulated for the exemption of Christian citizens of the
United States and Chinese Converts from persecution in China on
account of their faith ; it is further agreed that citizens of the United
States in China of every religious persuasions, and Chinese subjects in
the United States, shall enjoy entire liberty of conscience, and shall
be exempt from all disabihty or persecution on account of their
religious faith or worship in either country. Cemeteries for sepulture
of the dead, of whatever nativity or nationality, shall be held in
respect and free from disturbance or profanation.
Art. V. — The United States of America and the Emperor of
China, cordially recognize the inherent and inalienable right of man
to change his home and allegiance, and also the mutual advantage of
the free migration and emigration of their citizens and subjects
respectively from the one country to the other for the purposes of
curiosity, of trade, or as permanent residents. The high Contracting
Parties, therefore, join in reprobating any other than an entirely
voluntarily emigration for these purposes. They consequently agree
to pass laws, making it a penal offence for a citizen of the United
States, or a Chinese subject, to take Chinese subjects either to the
United States or to any other foreign country; or for a Chinese subject
or a citizen of the United States to take citizens of the United States
to China, or to any other foreign country, without their free and
voluntary consent respectively.
Art. VI. — Citizens of the United States visiting or residing to
China, shall enjoy the same privileges, immunities, or exemptions in
respect to travel or residence as may there be enjoyed by the citizens
of subjects of the most favoured nation. And, reciprocally, Chinese
subjects visiting or residing in the United States, shall enjoy the
same privileges, immunities, and exemptions in respect to travel or
residence as may there be enjoyed by the citizens or subjects of the
most favoured nation. But nothing herein contained shall be held to
confer naturalization upon citizens of the United States in China, nor
upon the subjects of China in the United States.
Art. VII. — Citizens of the United States shall enjoy all the
privileges of the public educational institutions under the control of
the Government of China ; and reciprocally, Chinese subjects shall
enjoy all the privileges of the pubhc educational institutions under the
control of the Government of the United States, which are enjoyed in
the respective countries by the citizens or subjects of the most favoured
nation. The citizens of the United States may freely establish and
maintain schools within the Empire of China at those places where
foreigners are by Treaty permitted to reside; and reciprocally, the
Chinese subjects may enjoy the same privileges and immunities in the
United States.
Art. VIII. — The United States, always disclaiming and dis-
couraging all practices of unnecessary dictation and intervention by
I 95 ]
one nation in the affairs or domestic administration of another, do administration
hereby freely disclaim and disavow any intention- or right to intervene ^egardTto ma-
in the domestic administration of China in regard to the construction to'roTOments
of railroads, telegraphs, or other material internal improvements. On if desired, u.'s.
the other hand His Majesty the Emperor of China reserves to himself ^'orgS**'
the right to decide the time and manner and circumstances of intro- ^"S''"'«"'s to be
ducing such improvements within his dominions. With this mutual clSxy^ng out such
understanding it is agreed by the contracting parties that, if at any ™P™™ment3.
time hereafter, his Imperial Majesty shall determine to construct, or
cause to be constructed, work of the character mentioned, within ihe
Empire, and shall make application to the United States or any other
Western Power for facilities to carry out that policy, the United
States will in thai case designate or authorize suitable Engineers to be
employed by the Chinese Government, and will recommend to other
nations an equal compliance with such applications: the Chinese
Government in that case protecting such Engineers in their persons
and property, and paying them a reasonable compensation for their
services.
In faith whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed this
Treaty and thereto affixed the seals of their arms.
Done at Washington, the 28th day of July, in the year of Our
Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
[L.S.] (Signed) WILLIAM. H. SEWARD.
[L.S.] (Signed) ANSON BURLINGAME.
CHIH KANG.
SUN CHIA-KU.
Note. — In the copies of the foregoing Treaty heretofore published in China,
apparently from an unauthorized text, the following Article, ratification of which
was declined, and which consequently has no place in the agreement, has hitherto
been included :
Art. VII. — The United States and the Emperor of China, recognising in the
present progress of nations a favourable tendency towards unity of civilisation,
and regarding a unity of money and unity of weights and of measures as favour-
able to that great object, do hereby agree that they will use their influence and
efforts to obtain the establishment, by the general agreement of nations, of repre-
sentative coins having a common value, and also a common standard of weights
and measures for all countries.
t 98 ]
RUSSIA.
TREATY OF PEACE BETWEEN CHINA AND RUSSIA.
Signed in i68g at Nipchu (Nerchinsk).
[Note. — The text of this Treaty is to be found in Du Halde's
Decription de la Chine (edition of the Hague, 1736, t. IV, p. 242).
It was translated from Latin into French, by Pfere Gerbillon, who, with
the Portuguese Jesuit Thomas Pereyra, was commissioned by the
Emperor K'ang Hi to accompany the Chinese Plenipotentiaries on
their visit to the frontier with the Russian envoys, and to act as
interpreter to the two contracting parties. The Treaty, which was
the result of long negotiations, was drawn up in Latin by Gerbillon
and his colleague, and translated by the former into French. (See
"Archives Diplomatiques" Paris, 1861, t. I., p. 270, where the French
text of the Treaty is given in full). See also Revenstien, The Russians
on the Amur, p. 62.]
TRAIT6 DE PAIX ENTRE LA CHINE ET LA RUSSIE, SIGN6
ET PROCLAMfe A LA FRONTlfeRE CHINOISE LE
24 OCTOBRE, 1727, ET RATIFI6 AU NOM NE L'EM-
PEREUR PIERRE II, LE 14 JUIN, 1728.
( Translated from the Manchu original, and published with the Afancku
text by Klaproth in his " Chrestomathic Manchoue. " Paris, 1828. —
See "Archives Diplomatiques,^' Paris, 1861, t. I., 276.)
This instrument abrogates all that had previously passed between
the two Governments, defines the boundaries between their respective
territories, and provides for the despatch of trading expeditions once
in every three years to Peking, the residence of a Russian Ecclesiastical
Mission there, the m9de of correspondence, and the rendition of
fugitive subjects on either side.
SUPPLEMENTARY TREATY BETWEEN RUSSIA AND
CHINA, SIGNED AT KIACHTA, OF THE i8th OCTO-
BER, 1768, AS AN ADDITION TO THE TREATY OF
THE 24TH OCTOBER, 1727.
("Archives Diplomatiques, " Paris, 1861, t. L.,p, 282.)
The object of this Convention was to remove causes of disagree-
ment on the subject of the arrest and extradition of criminals and of
brigandage on the frontier.
f 97 ]
TRAIT6 DE COMMERCE ENTRE LARUSSIE ET LA CHINE.
Signh ai Kouldja, le 25 juillet, 1851.
Ratifie par VEmpereur de Russie, le 13 novembre, 1831.
Le Plenipotentiaire de Sa Majesty I'Empereur de Toutes les Trade at lu and
Russies et les Pl^nipotentiaires de Sa Majesty le Bogdokhan du Ta- ""^ ^°^ ''
Tsing, savoir: le Gouverneur-G^a^ral de I'lli et d'autres provinces,
ainsi que son adjoint, ont, aprfes avoir conf6rd ensemble, conclu dans
la ville d'lli (Kouldja), en faveur des sujets des deux Empires, un
Traits de Commerce qui ^tablit un trafic dans les villes d'lli (Kouldja),
et de Tarbagatai (Tchougoutchak). Ce Trait6 se compose des Articles
qui suivent :
Art. I. — Le present Traits de Commerce, conclu dans I'int&et Mutual amity.
des deux Puissances, en t^moignant de leur sollicitude pour le main-
tien de la paix ainsi que pour le bien-etre de leurs sujets, doit resserrer
encore davantage les liens d'amiti^ qui unissent les deux Puissances.
Art. II. — Les marchands des deux Empires feront entre eux le Trade to be
commerce d'dchange et rdgleront les prix librement et a leur %xL II consuUnd'*'
sera nomm6, pour surveiller les affaires des sujets russes, Un consul cwn^se super-^
de la part de la Russie, et pour les affaires des commer<;ants chinois, appointed-
un fonctionnaire de I'adininistration supdrieure de I'lli. En cas de
collision entre les sujets de I'une et de I'autre Puissance, chacun de ces
agents d^cidera selon toute justice les affaires de ses nationaux.
Art, III. — Ce commerce dtant ouvert en consideration de I'amitid No duties to be
_,.„. ., ,- , • ii ^ levied on either
mutuelle des deux Puissances, ne sera passible de part ni d autre side.
d'aucun droit quelconque.
Art. IV. — Les marchands russes allant soil a Hi (Kouldja), soit conduct ot
k Tarbagatai (Tchougoutchak), seront accompagn^s d'un syndic "*™"'-
(karavan-bascha.) Lorsqu'une caravane allant k Hi arrivera au piquet
chinois de Boro-khoudjir, et que celle destin(5e poiir Tarbagatai
(Tchougoutchak) atteindra le premier piquet chinois, le syndic
presi;ntera a I'officier garde le billet de son Gouvernement. Ledit
officier, apres avoir pris note du nombre d'hommes, de bestiaux et de
charges de marchandises, laissera passer la caravane en la faisant
escorler, de piquet en piquet, par un officier et des soldats. Pendant
la marche, toute vexation ou offense sera interdite aux soldats comme
aux marchands.
Art. V. — Pour faciliter le service des escortes d'officiers et de ^^^'^ ^
soldats, les marchands russes seront obliges, en vertu du present
Traits, de suivre la route des corps de garde, tant en allant qu'a leur
retour.
Art. VI. — Si, pendant que les caravanes russes suivront leur Chinese Govern-
route en dehors de la ligne des corps de garde chinois, les bandes de Son'ta*ras?'o/
point
Lorsque la caravane sera arrivde sur territoire chinois, de meme que
pendant le sdjour dans les factoreries oil les marchandises sont
d^posdes, les marchands russes devront garder et d^fendre eux-memes
G
[ 98 ]
of robbery.
Joint investiga-
tion of minor
differences.
Period for
arrival of
caravans. Es-
cort, expresses,
etc.
leur propridtd; ils seront tenus de surveiller avec encore plus de soin
leur bdtail au piturage. Si, contra toute attente, quelque chose venait
a se perdre, il en sera imraddiStethent donn6 avis au fonclionnaire
chinois, qui, conjointment avec le consul russe, poursuivra avec
toute la diligence possible ies traces de I'objet perdu. Si ces traces
Measures in case dtaient decouvertes dans Ies villages de sujets chinois at que le voleur
f(jt saisi, il devra etre jug6 sans retard at s^verement. Si Ton retrou-
vait qualques-unes das choses voldes, elles saront restitutes k qui il
appartient.
Art. VII. — En cas de brouilleries, de contestations ou autres
incidents de peu d'importance entre Ies sujets raspectifs, le consul
russe at le fonctionnaire chinois dont il a.^t6 fait mention plus haut,
apporteront tous leurs soins a la decision de I'affaire. Mais si, contre
toute attente, il se presentait una affaire criminelle ou un cas important
en general, il sera procedd conformement aux rfegles actuellement en
vigueur sur la frontiera da Kiakhta.
Art. VIII. — Les marchands russes arriveront chaque annee avec
leurs marchandises, depuis le 25 mars jusqu'au 10 decembre (de notre
style, ou, d'aprfes le calendrier chinois, depuis le jour Tein-niing
jusqu'au jour Tong-tchi); pass^ cette derniere date, I'arrivde des
caravanes cessera. Si toutefois les marchandises importees pendant
cette periode (8 mois et demi) n'^taient pas vendues, il sera loisible
aux marchands de raster plus longtenips en Chine pour achever la
vente, apres quoi le consul prandra soin de leur depart. II est
entendu de plus que les inarchands russes n'obtiendront una ascorte
d'officiers et da soldats, ni pour aller ni pour leur retour, s'ils n'ont
pour le moins vingt chameaux avec des marchandises. Au reste, Si
un marchand ou la consul russe avail besoin, pour une affaire qual-
conque, d'exp^dier un exprfes, il en aura la faculty.
Mais pour que le service des officiers et soldats fournissant I'escorte
ne devienne pas trop ondraux, il n'y aura que deux fois par mois de ces
expeditions extraordinaires hors de la ligna des corps de garde.
Art. IX. — Les marchands russes et chinois pourront se voir
librement pour affaires de commerce; mais les sujets russes se trouvant
dans la factorarie sous la surveillance du consul russe, ne pourront
circuler dans les faubourgs et les rues que munis d'un parmis du
consul; sans ca parmis ils na pourront pas sortir da I'ancainte.
Quiconque sortira sans permis sera reconduit chaz le consul, qui
procddera contre lui comme de droit.
Art. X. — Si un criminel appartenant k I'un des deux Empires se
rdfugiait dans I'autre, il n'y sera pas toler^; mais de part et d'iutre
Ies autoritf^s locales prendront les mesures les plus severes et les
informations les plus exactes pour rechercher ses traces II y aura
extradition reeiproque de transfuges de cette espfece.
Art. XI. — Comme il est k pr^voir que les marchands russes qui
viendront en Chine pour affaires de commerce auront avec eux des
montiires, et das betes da somme, il sera assigne a leur usage, pres de
la villa de Tarbagatai des lieux 011 il y a da I'eau et de I'herbe. Dans
ces piturages, les marchands russes confieront leurs bestiaux a la
garde de leurs gens qui veilleroiit a ce que les terras lab.ourdes et les
cimetieres ne puissent dans aucun cas etre fOul^s. Les contrevenants
seront amends devant le Consul pour etre punis.
Art. XII. — bans l'6change de marchandises entre les commer-
cants des deux Empires il ne sera rien livrd k credit de part ni d'autre.
Si, malgrd cat Article, quelqu'un livrait sa marchandise k credit, les
Restrictions
upon
movements of
Russian
traders.
Mutual extradi-
tion of
criminals.
Pasturage
grounds
assigned near Hi
and Tarbagatai
for beasts of
burden.
No dealings on
credit to be
sanctioned.
[ 9S, ]
fonctionriaiires russes et Ghinois n'aijrQnt poinjt a inteivenir et
n'admettront aucune plainte, quand meme il y en aurait.
Art. XIII. — Comme les marchands russes arrivant en Chine pour Rnssian settle- '
affairs de commerce doivent necessairement avoir des emplacements ^™Tarbagatai.'
pour leurs factoreries, 1^ Gouvernernent Chinois leur assignera, dans
les deux villes de commerce d'lli et de Tarbagatai, des terrains pres
des bazars, afin que les sujets russes puissent y construire k leurs
frais des maisons d'habitation et des magasins d'entrepot pour leurs
marchandises.
Art. XIV.— I^e Gouvernment Chinois ne s'interposera en aucun clmeterfea"'''
cas lorsque les sujets russes cdl^breront dans leurs factoreries les service
divin selon le rite de leur religion. Pour le cas ou quelqu'un des sujets
russes en Chine viendrait k mourir k Hi ou a Tarbagatai, le Gouverne-
ment Chinois assignera hors de I'enceinte de chacune de ces villes un
terrain vague pour servir de cimitifere.
Art. XV. — Si les marchands russes ambnent a Hi ou a Tarbaga- fs^^edfor
tai des moutons pour les y echanger, les autorites locales prendront sheepon Chinese
pour compte du Gouvernement deux moutons sur lo, et livreront en account.
^change de chaque mouton une pifece de toile (da-da, de la mesure
legale); le rest du bdtail et toute autre marchandise seront ^changds
entre les marchands des deux Empires au prix convenu de grd a grd, et
le Gouvernement Chinois ne s'en mSlera d'aucune fagon.
Art. XVI. — La correspondance officielle ordinaire entre les deux CorreBpondence.
Empires se fera, de la part du Gouvernement Russe, par I'entremise
de I'administration supdrieure de la Sibdrie occidentale et sous le
cachet de cette administration, et de la part du Gouvernement Chinois,
par I'entremise et sous le cachet de I'administration superieure de I'lli.
Art. XVII. — Le pr^sente Traitd sera revetu des signatures et Kug^g'^^n'fna'' '"
cachets de Plenipotentiaries respectifs. II en sera dress^ du cote de Manchuian-
la Russie, 4 exeraplairies en langue russe, sign6s par le Plenipo- ^aSi texf to
tentiaire de la Russie, et du cot^ de la Chine, 4 exemplaires en langue ™i«-
mantchoue, signes par le Plenipotentiaire Chinois et son adjoint.
Les Pldnipotentiaires respectifs garderont chacun un exemplaife en
langue russe et un exemplaire en langue mantchoue, pour la raise a
execution du Traite et pour servir de rfegle constant^. Un exemplaire
russe et un exemplaire mantchou seront envoy6s au senat dirigeant
de Russie, et un exemplaire dans I'une et I'autre langue au tribunal
chinois des relations exterieures, pour y etre scell^s gardes apr^s
I'^change des ratifications du Traite.
Tous les Articles ci-d^s^vis du present Traite cqnclu par les
Plenipotentjaires respectifs 4e la Russie et de la Chine sont signds et
munis de c^cbfts.
L,e ?3 juiilet (Je I'^n 185 1, 26me appee du r^gne de Sa Majeste 25th Juiy, isss.
Impdriale TEjupereur et Autocr^tg de toptps les Jl>issies.
[L.S.]
(Sign6)
KOVALEVSKY.
Kovalevsky.
[I..S.]
(Sign6)
I-CHAN.
Ylh Shan.
(Signd)
BOUVANTAI.
G 1
[ 100 ]
TRAIT6 D'AMITl6 ET DE LIMITES ENTRE LA RUSSIE
ET LA CHINE.
Signi & Aighoun U i6 mat, 1858.
Ratifi'epar I'Empereur de Russie, le 8 juillet, 1838.
Ratifi'efar Sa Majest'e le Bogdokhan de Chine, le 2 juin, 1858.
Le Grand Empire de Russie, et de sa part le Gouverneur Gdn6ral
de la Sib^rie Orientale, I'Aide de Camp G^n^ral de Sa Majestd
I'Empereur Alexandre Nicolai'dvitch, le Lieutenant-Gdndral Nicolas
Lieut-General Mouraview, et le Grand Empire Ta-Tsing, et de sa part I'Aide de
Mouraview. ^^^^^^ G^ndral Prince I-Chan, Grand de la Cour, Commandant en
Yih Shan. q^clqI sur I'Amour, voulant dtablir une ^terpelle et plus intime amitid
entre les deux Empires, et dans I'intdret des sujets respectifs, ont
arret6 d'un commun accord :
DeflniOonof ^RT. I. — La rive gauche du fleuve Amour, a partir de la riviere
course of river Argouii jusqu'a rembouchure de I'Amour, appartiendra 5, I'Empire de
Amur, Russie, et sa rive droite, en aval jusqu'i la riviere Oussouri, apparti-
endra h. I'Empire Ta-Tsing; les territoires et endroits situ^s entre la
riviere Oussouri et la mer, comme jusqu'S, present, seront poss6des en
commun par I'Empire Ta-Tsing et I'Empire de Russie. en attendant
que la frontiere entre les deux Etats y soit r6gl6e. La navigation de
I'Amour, du Soungari et de I'Oussouri n'est permise qu'aux batiments
des Empires Ta-Tsing et de la Russie : la navigation de les riviferes
sera interdite aux bS,timents de tout autre Etat. Les habitants mant-
chous dtablis sur la rive gauche de I'Amour, depuis la rivifere Z^ia
jusqu'au village Hormoldzin au sud, conserveront a perp6tuit6 les
lieux de leurs anciens domiciles sous I'administration du Gouverne-
raent Mantchou, et les habitants Russes ne pourront leur faire aucune
offense ni vexation.
of'riveraUsuri' ^^'^' ^^' — ^^^^ I'iuteret de la bonne intelligence mutuelle des
Amur, aud ' sujets respcctifs, il est permis aux habitants riverains de I'Oussouri, de
sungan. I'Amour et du Soungari, sujets de I'un et de I'autre Empire, de trafi-
quer entre eux, et les autoriti^s doivent rdciproquement prot^ger les
commergants sur les deux rives.
Treaty signed in Art. III. — Les Stipulations arretdes d'un commun accord par le
ohu, and Mongol Pl^nipotentiaire de I'Empire de Russie, le Gouverneur-G^n^ral Moura-
languages. view, et le Commandant-en-chef sur 1' Amour, I-Chan, et Pldnipoten-
tiaire de I'Empire Ta-Tsing, seront exactement et inviolablement
ex6cutdes a perpdtuit^; a cet effet, le Gouverneur-G^n^ral Mouraview,
pour I'Empire de Russie, a remis un exemplaire du present Trait6,
^crit en langue russe et mantchoue, entre les mains du Commandant-
en-chef Prince I-Chan pour I'Empire Ta-Tsing, et le Commandant-
en-chef Prince I-Chan, pour I'Empire Ta-Tsing, a remis un exemplaire
du present Traits en langues mantchoue et mongole, au Gouverneur-
G^n^ral Mouraview pour I'Empire de Russie. Toutes les stipulations
soussignees dans la pr^sente seront publides pour I'information des
habitants limitrophes des deux Empires.
16th May, 1858,
Le i6 ma
i| 1 8s
8, ville d'Aigl
loun.
Nicolas
L.S.'
(Signd)
NICHOLAS MOURAVIEW
Mouraview.
■l.s.
(Sign^)
PIERRE PEROFFSKY.
Ylh Shan.
■l.s.'
(Sign^)
I-CHAN.
'L.S.'
(Sign6)
DZIRAMINGA.
[;101 ]
TREATY OF PEACE, FRIEISTDSHIP, COMMERCE, AND
NAVIGATION BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINA.
Signed at Tientsin, June ys, 1858,
(Traduction du russe.)
Sa Majestd I'Empereur et Autocrate de toutes les Russies et Sa
Majesty I'Empereur de Chine jugeant de toute ndcessitd de pr^ciser
claiiement les relations mutuelles entre la Russie et la Chine, et d'ari eter
de nouveaux reglements pour I'intdret des deux Etats, ont nommd a cet Pienipo-
effet leurs Plenipotentiaires, savoir : • tentiai-ies.
Sa Majestd TEmpereur de toutes les Russies, Son Aide-de-camp
General, Vice-Amiral Comte Euphimius Poutiatine, Comraissaire cts.Poutiantine.
Imperial en Chine, et Commandant-en-chef I'escadre Russe dans I'Ocean
Pacifique :
Et Sa Majesty I'Empereur de Chine, de son Empire le Dahiochi
de la section Orientale, Dirigeant-en-chef du Tribunal de Justice
Crirainelle, le haut fonctionnaire Koui-leang, et de son Empire le Kweiiiang.
President du Tribunal d'Inspection, Chef de Division de la grosse
Infanterie du drapeau bleu a frange, son haut fonctionnaire Houachaiia. Hwasiuma,
Lesdites Plenipotentiaires, en vertu des pouvoirs qu'ils ont regus
de leurs Gouvernements respectifs, son convenus des Articles suivants,
et les ont arretds : —
Art. I. — Le present Traits confirme de nouveau la paix et I'amitid Eeoiprocity of
qui existent depuis nombre d'ann^es, entre Sa Majeste I'Empereur de protecuon.™'^
toutes les Russies et Sa Majesty I'Empereur de Chine, et entre leurs
sujets respectifs.
Les sujets russes qui resident en Chine, et les sujets chinois qui
se trouvent en Russie, jouiront constamment de la protection des
Gouvernements des deux Empires, tant pour leur s^curitd personelle
que pour celle de leur propri^td.
Art. II. — Dor^navant les communications entre le Gouvernement Correspondence
Supreme de Russie, et le Gouvernement Supreme de Chine, ne se cSmmunfcTtion
feront plus corame cela ^tait jusqu'a present, par la Senat d'une part between officials
et le Tribunal Li-fan-yuan de I'autre. mais ce sera le Ministre des chhia!^Bq^uL'iity
Affaires Etrangeres de Russie qui communiquera avec le Membre aine ^tf n™""""'"
du Conseil d'Etat on le Premier Ministre a Pekin. lis traiteront sur
le pied d'une parfaite dgalitd.
La correspondance ordinaire entres les personnes mentionn^es ci-
dessus sera transmise par les autorites des frontiferes. Les communi-
cations de haute importance seront portdes dans la capitale par un
employ^ nomm6 ad hoc, qui pourra entrer dans des explications verbales
avec les Membres du Conseil d'Etat et le Premier Ministre. A son
arrivee il remettra les ddpeches par I'entremise du President du Tribunal
des Rites (Li-pou).
L'egalite sera observde de meme dans la correspondance et les
entrevues des Envoy^s et des Ministres Plenipotentiaires de Russie
avec les Membres du Conseil d'Etat, les Ministres de la Cour de Pdkin
et les Gouverneurs-G^neraux des Provinces limitrophes et maritimes:
et dans les relations entre les Gouverneurs-G^n^raux, entre les autorites
de frontidre des deux Etats.
[ B2 ]
ilussian Envoys
may go to
Peking.
Route to be
taken for visits
to Peliingi
Besides tlie
places on tlie
frontier, seven
ports will open
to Russian trade.
No restfictious
tlie number of
merchants and
captains. Rus-
sian subjects to
conform to
existing
Tariffs, etc.
Consuls.
Ships of war.
Purcliase of
land, etc.
Shipwrecks,
Russian ships
may enter ports
not open to com-
merce for the
purpose of
refitting, etc.
Si le Gouvernement Russe jugeait necessaire de iiommer lin
Ministre Plienipotentiaire pour r^sider dans'l'un des ports ouverts de
la Chine, il traitera dans ses relations personnelles et sa correspoiid-
ance avec les autoritds chinoises locales et les Ministres a P^kin.
suivant les regies g6n6rales convenues maintenant par tous les Etats
etrangers.
Les finvoyes de Russie pourront se rendre h. Pdkin en passant par
Kiakhta et Ourga, soit par Takou a Tembouchure du Peiho, soit par
toute autre ville ou port ouvert de la Chine. Apres une notification
prealable le Gouvernement Chinois devra faire prendre immediatement
les arrangements n^cessaires pour que le voyage de TEnvoye et de sa
suite fflt prompt et commode. La reception dans la capitale devra se
faire avec les honneurs dus a son rang ; on pr^parera des logements
convenables et lui fournira tous les bbjets n^cessaires.
Toutes les depenses occasiondes par I'envoi des missions Diplo-
niatiques de Russie en Chine seront supportees par le Gouvernement
Russe, et ne tombent en aucun cas a la charge du Gouvernement Chinois.
Art. in. — Dorenavant le commerce entre la Russie et la Chine
pourra se faire non seulement dans les endroits fixes sur les frontieres,
mais encore par mer. Les navires marchands russes pourront venir
commercer dans les ports suivants;Shang-hai, Ningpo, Fou-tcheou-fou,
Amoy, Canton, Tai-wan-fou sur I'lle de Formose, Khioung-tcheou-fou,
sur rile de Hainan.
Art. IV. — A I'avenir il n'y aura aucune limitation de la part des
deux Gouvernements quant au nombre de commergants et des capi-
taines employes dans le commerce.
Dans le commerce maritime et dans tous les details qui le concer-
nent, savoir, les declarations sur les marchandises importes, le paye-
ment des droits d'ancrage et des droits d'apr^s le Tarif existant, etc.,
les sujets russes se conformeront aux rdglements gdndraux dtablis pour
le commerce etranger dans les ports de Chine.
Tout commerce illicite qui serait fait par les russes sera puni
par la confiscation, au profit du Gouvernement Chinois, de merchan-
dises d^barqu^es.
Art. V. — Le Gouvernement Russe sera libre de nommer des
consuls dans les ports ouverts au commerce.
II pourra y envoyer des navires de guerre pour maintenir I'ordre
parmi les sujets russes et donner de I'appui a I'autorite du consul.
Les relations entre le consul el les autorites locales, la concession
d'un terrain convenable pour la construction des dglises, des maisons,
et des magasins, I'achat par les russes de terres chez les chinois, et
toutes les transactions qui sont du ressort du consul, se feront suivant
les regies gdn^rales observ^es par le Gouvernement Chinois dans les
affaire? avec les Strangers.
Art. VI. — Si un batiment de guerre ou de commerce russe venait
a se perdre sur la c6te, l'autorit6 chinoise la plus proche porterait sur
!■ le champ assistance k I'dquipage, et prdndrait les measures necessaires
pour la sauvetage du navire et de la cargaison. EUe facilitera aussi le
transport de I'dquipage et de la cargaison au port le plus proche oh se
trouve un consul russe on un agent d'une natioh amie de la Russie,
ou k la frontiere, si le naufrage a eu lieu pr^ d'elle.
Le Gouvernement RuSsie fera rembourser Ifes frais occasionnes par
le sauvetage de I'dquipage et de la cargaison.
Dans le cas oti des navires de giietre ou marchands russes se
trouvaient dans la necessity de faire des i*epamtioiis, de se pourvoir
[ m i
d'eau et de provisions fraiches, ils pOurront entrer sur leur route dans
les ports non ouverts au commerce, et acheter ce qui leur faut a de
prix fix^s a I'amiable et sans que les autorit^s locales y mettent des
obstacles.
Art. VII. — Toute affaire entre les sujets russes et chinois dans Questions
les ports et villes ouverts sera examinee par les autoritds chinoises de R„J^i™ ^nd
concert avec le consul russe ou I'agent qui repr^sente I'autoritd du Chinese, how to
Gouvernement Russe dans I'endroit. Les sujeLs russe coupables de ° '* ^ '
qlielque ddlit ou crime seront jugds d'apres les lois russes.
De meme les sbjets chinois pour chaque crime ou attentat contre
la vie ou la propridte d'un russe seront juges et punis d'apres les lois
de leur pays.
Les sujets russes qui auraient pdndtre dans I'interieur de la Chine
et y auraient commis quelque crime ou delit seront reconduits a la
frontiere, ou dans I'un des ports ouverts oil reside un consul russe,
pour etre jug6s et punis d'apres les lois russes.
Art.. VIII. — Le Gouvernement Chinois, ayant reconnu que la Chinese Chris-
doctrine chretienne facilite I'etablissement de I'ordre et de la Concorde prolloted.^
entre les homraes, promet de ne pas persecuter ses sujets Chretiens
ponr I'exercice des, devoirs de leur religion; ils jouriront de la protection
accordde a tous ceux qui professent les autres croyances toldrees dans
I'Empire.
Le Gouvernement Chinois considdrant les missionnaires Chretiens Missionaries
comme des hommes de bien qui ne cherchent pas d'avantages matdriels, may tnve°L'
leur permettra de propager le christianisme parmi ses sujets et ne leur *''« interior, etc,
empechera pas de circuler dans I'interieur de I'Empire. Un nombre
fixe de missionnaires partant des villes ou ports ouverts sera muni de
passeports signds par les autorit^s russes.
Art. IX. — Les parties non determinees des frontiferes entre la frontier lines
Chine et la Russie devrcnt etre examinees sans d^lai sur les lieux ^^7? *? ''«
^ settled.
memes.
Les deux Gouvernements nommeront a cet effet des ddlegues qui
fixeront la ligne de demarcation et conclueront la-dessus une Conven-
tion, qui sera annexe comme Article Separd au present Traitd.
Des cartes et des descriptions detaillees de la frontiere seront
dressees ensuite et serviront de documents incontestables pour les
temps futurs.
Art. X. — II n'y aura plus de terms fixe pour le sdjour a Pekin de RussianEooies-
la mission eccl^siastique russe ; les membres de cette mission pourront, aTpeking.'""°"
de I'autorisation de leur Gouvernement, retourner dans leur patrie a movement* £
toute epoque. La place vacante pourra etre occupde par un nouveau members at
t ' Russian
memOre. Government
Le Gouvernement Chinois n'aura plus des d^pense a faire pour Expenses.
I'entretien de la mission; tous les frais seront a la charge du Gouverne-
ment Russe.
Les frais de voyage des membres de la mission, des courriers et
des autres personnes que le Gouvernement Russe exp^dira de Kiakhta
et des ports ouverts de Chine, et vice versd, seront payes par le
Gouvernement Russe; les autorites chinoises locales sont obligdes, de
leur cote, de prendre les mesures ndcessaires pour que le voyage de
toutes les personnes mentionnees ci-dessus soit prompt et commode.
Art. XI. — Un service de poste regulier sera ^tabli entre Kiakhta f^^'^^^lf°^l^^'
et P^kin pour les communications entre les deux Gouvernements, ainsi andPeiiin:
que pour les besoins de la mission ecclesiastique russe a Pekin. be^divided?
Le courrier chinois sera expedie a un jour fixe une fois par mois
de P^kin et de Kiakhta, et devra, dans I'espace de quinze jours ou
i 104 ]
Most favoured
nation treat-
ment.
Exchange of
Katifications.
Manchu text to
rule.
i*j June, 18S&
moins, apporter des paquets ofiSciels et lettres au lieu de leur
destination.
De plus, chaque trois mois, ou quatre fois par an, on expddiera un
convoi de Kiakhta a Pdkin, et vice versA, pour le transport de toute
espfece d'envois et d'efFets. Ce convoi devra faire le trajet dans
I'espace d'un mois Toutes les d^penses oecasionndes pour I'dtablisse-
ment et I'entretion de ces communications seront payees de moitid par
les deux Gouvernements.
Art. XXII. — Tous les privileges politiques, commerciaux, ou
autres qui pourraient dans la suite etre acquis par les Etats les plus
favorisds par le Gouvernement Chinois, seront dtendus en meme temps
sur la Russie sans que cela ndcessit6 des ndgociations pr6alables.
Ce Traite sera ratifie dbs a present par I'Empereur de Chine, et
apres qu'il aura &i€ ratifid par I'Empereur de Russie, I'^change des
ratifications se fera a Pdkin dans un an, ou plutot si faire se peut.
Des copies en langues russe, mantchou, et chinoise, revetues des
signatures et des sceaux des Pl^nipotentiaires des deux Etats, sont
echangees maintenant, et le texte mantchou servira de base pour
I'interprdtalion de tous les Articles du Traits, qui seront observees par
les deux Hautes Parties Contractantes fidHement et inviolablement.
Fait et sign^ dans la ville de Tien-tsin le ^ Juin, de I'annee
1858 aprfes la naissance de Jdsus-Christ, et dans la quatrieme annde
du rf-gne de Sa Majestd I'Empereur Alexandre II.
[L.S.] (Sign6) COMTE EUPHIMIUS POUTIATINE.
[L.S.] (Signe) KOUI-LEANG.
[L.S.] (Sign^) HOUACHANA.
i 105 1
TRAIT^ ADDITIONNEL CONCLU LE -^-^ NOVEMBRE, i860,
A P^KIN, ENTRE SA MAJESTE L'EMPEREUR DE
TOUTES LES RUSSIES ET SA MAJEST]^ LE BOGDO-
KHAN DE CHINE.
Ratifit a St. Pktersbourg, k 20 decembre, promulgu'e le 26 dkembre, i860.
A la suite d'une revision et d'un examen attentif des Traites
existants entre la Russie et la Chine, Sa Majesty I'Empereur et Autocrate
de Toutes las Russies, et Sa Majesty le Bogdokhan de I'Empire Ta-Tsing.
voulant resserrer encore davantage les liens d'amiti^ rdciproque entre
les deux Empires, d^velopper les relations cotnmerciales et pr^venir tout
mesenteudu, ont r6solu de stipuler quelques Articles Additionnels, et a
cet effet, ont nomtnd pour leurs Pl^nipotentiaires:
Pour I'Empire de Ruesie, le G6n6ral-Major Nicolas Ignatiew, de la M^or General
suite de Sa Majeste Impdriale et Chevalier de plusieurs €)rders; ignatiew.
Pour I'Empire, Ta-Tsing, le Prince Kong, Prince de premiere classe, Prince ot Kung
qui porte le nom d'Y-Sing.
Lesdits Pldnipotentiaires, apres s'etre communiqud leiirs pleins-pou-
voirs, trouves sufEsants sont convenus de ce qui suit:
Art. I. — Pour corroborer et ^lucider 1' Article I du Traite conclu
dans la ville d'Aigoun, le 16 Mai, 1858 (8e annde de Hien-Fong, 2ie
jour de la 46 lune) et en execution de 1' Article IX du Traite conclu le
ler Juin de la meme annee (3e jour de la 56 lune) dans la ville de
Tien-tsin, il est dtabli :
Ddsormais la frontiere 01 ien tale entre les deux Empires, a com- Eastern and
mencer du confluent des rivieres Chilka et Argoun, descendra le cours frSnMer ofthe
de la riviere Amour jusqu'au confluent de la riviere Oussouri avec cette *™ Empires
derniere. Les terres situdes sur la rive gauche (au nord) de la riviere River Amur,
Amour appartiennent a I'Empire de Russie, et les terres situdes sur la ^'""™> «'"•
rive droite (au sud), jusqu'au confluent de la riviere Oussouri, appartien-
nent a I'Empire de Chine. Plus loin, depuis le confluent de la rivifere
Oussouri jusqu'au lac Hinkai, la ligne frontiere suit les riviferes Oussouri
et Son'gatcha. Les terres situees sur la rive orientale (droite) de ces
rivieres appartiennent a I'Empire de Russie, et sur la rive occidentale
(gauche) k I'Empire de Chine. Plus loin, la ligne frontifere entre les
deux Empires, depuis le point de sortie de la riviere Son'gatcha, coupe
le lac Hinkai, et se dirige sur la rivifere B^ldn-ho (Tour); depuis
I'embouchure de cette riviere elle suit la crete des montagnes jusqu'a
I'embouchure de la rivifere Houpitou (Houpton), et de 1^, les montagnes
situdes entre la riviere Khoiin-tchoun et la mer jusqu'a la riviJ;re Thou-
men-kiang. Le long de cette ligne, ^galement, les terres situees a Test
appartiennent a I'Empire de Russie et celles a I'ouest a I'Empire de
Chine. La ligne frontiere s'appuie a la riviere Thou-men-kiang, a 20
verstes chinoises (li) au-dessus de son embouchure dans la mer.
De plus, en ex&ution du meme Article IX du Traite de Tientsin chart showing
est confirmee la carte dress^e a cet effet, et sur laquelle, pour plus de ''«'™"*''°"'
clart4 la ligne frontiere est trac^e par un trait rouge et indiqude par les
lettres de I'alphabet russe. Cette carte est signde par les Pldnipoten-
tiaires des deux Empires et scellde de leurs sceaux,
[ 106 ]
ChinesecolonlsU
in Russian
tBrritory to
enjoy rights of
hunting and
fishing as before.
Delimitation of
Western frontier
Commission for
settlement of
Eastern boun-
dary.
Charts to be
drawn up.
Frontier trade
to be unre-
stricted.
Bussian traders
allowed to
moceed from
Kiachta to
Peking, and to
trade, at Urga
and Ealgan.
Bussian Consul
at Urga
Dans le cas oii il existerait dans les lieux sus-indiqu^s des terrains
colonists par des sujets chinois, le Gouvernement Russe s'engage a y
laisser les habitants et a leur permetter de se livrer comme par le pass^,
a la chasse et a la peche.
Apres que les bornes-frontifere auront 6t6 posees, la ligne de
demarcation de la fronti^re devra rester a jamais invariable.
Art. II. — La ligne frontiere a I'ouest, inddterminee jusqu'ici doit
desormais suivre la direction des montagnes, le cours des grandes
riviferes et la ligne actuellement existante des piquets chinois. A partir
du dernier phare, nomm6 Chabindabaga, etabli en 1728 (6me annde de
Young-Tching), apr^s la conclusion du Traits de Kiakhta, elle se dirigera
vers le sud-ouest jusqu'au lac Dsai-sang, et de la jusqu'aux montagnes
situdes au sud du lac Issyk-koul, et nomm-des Tengri-chan, ou Alatau
des Kirghises, autrement dites encore Thian-chan-nana-lou (branches
meridionales des montagnes Celestes) et le long de ces montagnes
jusqu'aux possessions du Kokand.
Art. III. — Desormais toutesles questions defrontieres qui pourront
surgir ult^rieurement seront reglds d'apres les stipulations des Articles I
et II du present Traitd, et, pour la pose des bornes-frontiferes, al'orient,
depuis de lac Hinkai jusqu'a la riviere Thou-men-kiang ; et a I'occident,
depuis le phare Chabindabaga jusqu'aux possessions du Kokand, les
Gouvernements Russe et Chinois nommeront des hommes de confiance
(commissaires). Pour I'inspection des frontiferes orientales, les commis-
saires devront se rdunir au confluent de la rividreOussouri dans le courant
du mois d'avril prochain (iie ann^e de Hien-Fong, 3e lune.) Pour
I'inspection de la frontiere occidentale, la reunion des commissaires aura
lieu a Tarbagatai, mais I'dpoque n'en est pas determinde.
Sur les bases fixdes par les Articles I et II du present Traite, les
fonctionnaires fondes de pouvoirs (commissaires) dresseront des cartes
et des descriptions detaillees de la ligne frontiere, en 4 exemplaires, dont
deux seront en langue russe et deux en langue chinoise ou manchoue.
Ces cartes et descriptions seront signees et scellees par les commissaires,
aprfes quoi deux exemplaires, un en russe et I'autre en langue chinoise
ou mantchoue, seront remis au Gouvernement Russe, etdeuxexemplaires
semblables au Gouvernement Chinois, pour etre conserves par eux.
Pour la remise des cartes et descriptions de la ligne frontiere, il sera
dress6 un protocole corrobore par la signature et I'apposition des sceaux
des commissaires, et qui sera consider^ comme Article Additionnel au
present Traitd.
Art. IV. — Sur toute la ligne frontiere etablie par I'Article I du
present Traitd, un commerce d'dchange libre et franc de droits est
autoris6 entre les sujets des deux Etats. Les chefs locaux des frontieres
doivent accorder une protection particuliere a ce commerce et k ceux
qui I'exercent.
Sont en mSme temps coniirmdes par le present les dispositions
relatives au commerce dtablies par I'Article II du Traite d'Aigoun.
Art. V. — Outre le commerce existant k Kiakhta, les marchands
Russes jouiront de leur ancien droit de se rendre de Kiakhta k Pdkin
pour affaires commerciales. Sur la route, il leur est ^galement permis
de commercer a Ourga et a Kalgan, sans etre obliges loutefois d'y etablir
de commerce en gros. Le Gouvernement Russe aura le droit d'avoir a
Ourga un consul (lin-tehi-khouant) accompagnd de quelques personnes,
et d'yconstruire a ses frais une habitation poiirce fonctionnaire. Quant
a la concession d'un terrain pour cet Edifice, au ffeglement des diftien^iofls
I t 107 ]
dfe Ce dernier, cotnme aussi a la concession cl'iln paturage on deVra
s'eMtendre avee les Gouverneurs d'Ourga.
Les marchands chinois sent dgalement autorises k se rendre en
Russie pour y commercer, s'ils le d^sirent.
Les marchands russes ont le droit de voyager en Chine, en tout Traders
temps, pour affaires de commerce ; seulement, il leur est interdit de se weTto''and'fro
reunir simultandment en nombre de plus de 200 dans le meme lieu j de
plus, ils doivent fitre munis de billets de Fautoritd russe k la frontiere,
indiquant le nom du chef de la caravane, le nombre des hommes dont
elle se compose et le lieu de sa destination. Pendant le voyage, ces
marchands ont la faculty d'acheter et de vendre tout ce qui leur convient.
Tous les frais de leur yoyage sont a leur charge.
Art. VI. — A titre d'essai, le commerce est ouvert a Kachgar, sur Kashgar opened
les memes bases qu'a Hi et k Tarbagatai. A Kachgar, le Gouvernement experimentally
Chinois cede un terrain suffisant pour la construction d'une factorerie ment'areato'be'
avectous les edifices necessaires, tels que maisons d'habitation, magasins assigned.
pour le depot des marchandises, dglise, etc., ainsi qu'un terrain pour le
cimetiere, et un paturage, comme a Hi et a Tarbagatai. Les orders
serontdonnes immediatement au Gouverneur du pays de Kachgar pour
la concession desdits terrains.
Le Gouvernement Chinois ne repond pas du pillage des marchands
russes commergant a Kachgar, dans le cas oil ce pillage aurait ere
commis par des gens venus d'au-dela des lignes des postes de garde
chinois.
Art. VII. — Dans leslieuxouverts au commerce, les russes en Chine, Trade to be
comme les siijets chinois en Russie, peuvent se livrer en pleine liberty unrestrictmi
aux affaires commerciales, sans aucune vexation de la part des autoritds
locales ; frequenter avec la meme liberte et en tout temps les marches,
les boutiques, les maisons des marchands du pays ; vendre et acheter
diverses rriarchandises en gros et en ddtail, au comptant ou par echanges ;
les livrer et recevoir a credit, selon leur confiance r^ciproque.
La duree du sejour des marchands dans les lieux ou se fait le
commerce ri'est pas d^terminee et depend de leur libre arbitre.
Art. VII. — Les rnarchands russes en Chine et les chinois en Russie ,, , , „,„. „
,-, , . /.iii/^ TA Mutual protec-
sont places sous la protection speclale des deux Gouvernements. Four tion to subjects
surveiller les marchands et prevenir les malentendus qui pourraient eo^'*]^Q^g„j
survenir enlre eux et les habitants du pays, il est loisible au Gouverne-
ment Russe de nommer des a present des consuls a Kachgar et a Ourga, u„ggia„ consuls
sur la base des regies adoptdes pour Hi et Tarbagatai. Le Gouvernment
Chinois peut egalement, s'il le desire, nommer des consuls dans les Chinese consuls
catpit^les et autres villes de I'Empire de Russie.
Les consuls de I'dne et de I'autre Puissance sont loges dans des
edifices construits auxfrais de leurs Gouvernements respectifs. Toutefois,
il ne leur est pas d^fendu de louer, si cela leur convient, des logements
chez les habitants du pays.
Dans leurs relations avec les autoritds locales, les consuls des deux ^^^(,^^^3 ^j
Puissances observent une egalit^ parfaite, en execution de I'Article II consuls.
du Traite de Tientsin. Toutes les affaires concernant les marchands de
Tun et de I'autre Empire sont examinees par eux de gr6 a grd ; les
crimes et di6Uts doivent etre jug^s, comme il est r6g\6 par I'Article VII
du Traite de Tien-tsin, d'apres les lois de I'Empire dont le coupable est
sujet.
Les litiges, revendications et autres maletitendus de meme nature, commercial
survenant entre marchands a propos d'affaires commerciales, seront suits, arbitra-
r^gl6s par les marchands eux memes, ai» moyen d'arbitres choisis parmi
[ 108 1
eux ; les consuls et les autoritds locales doivent se borner k coopdrer k
I'arrangement a I'amiable, sans prendre aucune responsabilit^ relative-
ment aux revendications.
Enforcement of Dans les lieux Oil Ic Commerce est autoris^. les marchands de I'un
contracts. et de I'autre Empire peuvent contracter des engagements par ^crit pour
des commandes de marchandises, la location de boutiques, maisons, etc.,
et les presenter a la legalisation du consulat et de I'administration
locale. En cas de non-exdcution d'un engagement ^crit, le consul et le
chef local prennent des mesures pour amener les parties a remplir
exactement leurs obligations.
Joint investiga- Les contestations qui ne se rapportent point h. des affaires de com-
tionofcom- merce entre marchands, telles que litiges, plaintes, etc., sont jugdes de
^'"" ■ consentement mutuel par le consul et le chef local, et les d^linquants
sont punis d'apres les lois de leur pays.
En cas de recel d'un snjet russe parmi les chinois, ou de sa fuite
extradition. dins I'interieur du pays, I'autorite locale, aussitot apres en avoir ete
informee par le consul russe, prend immddiatement des mesures pour
fair rechercher le fugitif, et aussitot aprfes I'avoir ddcouvert le remet au
consulat russe. La meme marche doit ^galement etre observde relati-
vement ktout sujetchiiiois qui se cacherait chez des russes ou se serait
enfui en Russia.
Crime. Punish Dans les cas de Crimes graves, tels que meurtre, brigandage avec de
mentofoffenders gj-aygg blessures, attentat centre la vie, incendie premddit6, etc., apres
enquete, si le coupable est russe, 11 est envoys en Russie pour etre
traits selon les lois de son pays, et s'il est chinois, sa punition lui est
infligfee par I'autorite du lieu oil le crime h. 6t6 commis, ou bien, si les
lois de I'Etat I'exigent, le coupable est envoy^ dans une autre ville ou
une autre province pour y recevoir son chatiment.
Joint investiga- En cas de Crime, quelle qu'en soit la gravity le consul et le chef
Won of criminal [gcal ne peuvent prendre les mesures ndcessaires que relativement au
coupable appartenant k leur pays, et ni I'un ni I'autre n'a le droit
d'incarcdrer ni de juger sdpardment, et encore moins de chatier un
individu non sujet de son Gouvernement.
Modification of Art. IX. — L'entendue que prennent actuellement les relations com-
exchaiige of ^ *° mcrciales entre les sujets des deux Puissances, et la fixation de la
official corres- nouvelle lignedes frontiferes rendent d6sormais inapplicable lesanciennes
pon ence. fugles 6tablies"par les Traitds conclu k Nertchinsk et a Kiakhta, et par
les Conventions que leur ont seivi de complements; les relations des
autorit^s des frontieres entre elles et les rfegles dtablies pour I'examen
des affaires de frontieres ne r^pondent dgalement plus aux circonstances
actuelles. En consequence, en remplacement de ces regies, il est dtabli
ce qui suit :
Desormais, outre les relations qui existent a la frontiere orientale,
par Ourga et Kiakhta, entre le Gouverneur de Kiakhta et les autorites
d'Ourga, etk la frontiere occidentale, entre le Gouverneur-General de la
Siberie Occidentale et I'administration d'lli, il y aura encore des relations
des frontieres entre les Gouverneurs militaires de la province de I'Amour
et de la province maritime et les tsiang-kiun (Commandants-en-chef) de
He-loung-kiang et de Kirin, et entre le Commissaire des frontieres de
Kiakhta et le dzargoutchei (pou-youen), d'aprfes le sens de I'Article VIII
du present Traite.
Conformement a I'Article II du Traite de Tien-tsin, les Gouverneurs
militaires etCommandantS'en-chef(tsiang'kiun)ci-dessusnommesdoivent
observer une egalite parfaite dans leurs relations, et sont tenus de ne les
I 109 J
entretenir que pour les affaires dans lesquelles leurs administration est
directement int^rsess^e.
En cas d'affaires d'une importance particulibre, le Gouverneur-
Gendral de la Sibdrie Orientale a le droit d'entretenir des relation par
6crit, soil avec le Conseil Supreme (kiun-ki-tchou), soit avec la Cour
des Relations Ext^rieures (Li Fan-yubn), comme principale autorite
administrative dirigeant les relations et I'administration des frontiferes.
Art. X. — Dans I'instruction et la decision des affaires de frontieres, Crimi™! , .
J !• »ii •ii/--ir.x n uelmquents to
de quelque importance qu elles soient, les chefs des frontieres se confer- be punished
meront aux regies dnonc^es en I'Article VIII du present Traits ; quant onS'lw^'*''
aux enquStes concernant les sujets de I'un el de I'autre Empire, et aux country,
ch^timents a leur infliger, ils s'effectueront, ainsi qu'il est dit en I'Article
VII du Traitd de Tien-tsin, d'apres les lois du pays auquel appartient le
coupable.
En cas de passage, ddtournement ou enlevement de bdtail au delS. straying or
de la frontiere, les autoritds locales, aussitdt qu'elles en auront, €t& Sn'ftoSier.''*"''
informdes et que les traces auront €t€ indiqudes au gardien du poste
frontifere le plus proche, enveront des hommes charges de faire des
recherches. Le betail retrouv^ sera imm^diatement restitu6, et s'il en
manque quelques pieces, la r^p^tition en sera exercde conforra^ment
aux lois; mais dans ce cas I'indemnit^ h, payer ne doit pas etre dlev^e k
plusieurs fois la valeur du betail manquant (ainsi que cela se pratiquait
auparavant).
En cas de fuite d'un individu au delk des frontieres, a la premiere Extradition of
nouvelle, des mesures sont immediatement prises pour rechercher le ^' '™^'
transfuge. Le fugitif saisi est livrd sans d61ai, avec tous les objets qui
lui appartiennent, a I'autorit^ de la frontiere : I'examen des motifs de la
fuite et le jugement de I'affaire elle-meme s'effectuent par I'autorit^
locale du pays auquel appartient le transfuge, la plus rapprochde des
frontieres. Pendant tout le temps de son sejour au dela des frontieres,
depuis son arrestation jusqu'S. son extradition, le transfuge est convena-
blement nourri et, en cas de besoin, vetu ; la garde qui I'accompagne
doit le traiter avec humanity et ne doit pas se permettre d'actes arbi-
traires a son ^gard. On devra en agir de mepae k I'^gard du transfuge
au sujet duquel il n'aurait €t€ donn^e aucun avis.
Art. XI, — Les communications par ^crit entre les autorit^s sup^- Method of
rieures des frontieres de I'un et de I'autre Empire ont lieu par I'entremise disp"toif of
des fonctionnaires les plus voisins de la frontiere, a qui les ddp^ches official
, . , . '^ , r • '1 r commimications
expediees sont remises contre recepisses.
Le Gouverneu-G^n^ral de la Sibdrie Orientale et le Gouverneur de
Kiakhta envoient leurs ddpeches au commissaire des frontieres a Kiakhta,
qui les remet au dzargoutchei (pou-youen); les Gouverneurs d'Ourga
expedient les leur au dzargoutchei (pour-youen), qui les remet au com-
missaire des frontiferes de Kiahta.
Le Gouverneur Militaire de la Province de I'Amour envoi ses
ddpeches par I'adjoint (fou-dou-toun) du Commandant-en-chef (tsiang-
kiun) dans la ville d'Ai'goun, par I'entremise duquel les Commandants-
en-chef (tsiang-kiun) de Heloung-kiang et de Kirin et de Kirin trans-
mettent les leurs au Gouverneur Militaire de la Province de I'Amour. ,
Le Gouverneur Militaire de la Province maritime et le Comman-
dant-en-chef (tsiang-kiun) de Kirin se tiansmettent rdciproquement leurs
depSches par I'entremise de leurs chefs de postes frontieres sur le?
rivieres Oussouri et Khoiln-tchouD.
[. no 1
La transmission des correspondences entre le Gquverneur-G^ndral
de la Siberia Occidental et radministration supdrieure ou le Comman-
dant-en-chef (Tsiang-kiun) d III s'effectue par I'entiemise du consul de
Russie dans la ville d'lli (Kouldja).
En cas d'affaire d'une importance particuli^re exigeant des explica-
tions verbales, les autoritds superieures des frontieres de I'un et de
I'autre Empire peuvent s'expddier rdciproquement leurs ddpeches par
des fonctionnaires russes de confiance.
Letter and ^RT. XII. — Conform^ment aux dispositions de I'Article XI du
parcel poets _, . . . ^ .
between Kiachta Iraite 06 1 len-tsm, les postes aux lettres et aux colis exppdiees pour
and Peking. affaires de service les Kiakhta k Pekin, et retour, partiront aux epoques
ci-dessous, savoir: les postes aux lettres, une fois chaque mois de chacun
des deux points, et les postes aux colis, une fois tous les deux mois de
Kiakhta pour P^kin, et une fois tous les trois mois de P^kin pour
Kiakhta.
Les postes aux lettres doivent arn'ver a leur destination en 20 jours
au plus, et les postes aux colis en 40 jours au plus.
A chaque voyage, la poste aux colis ne doit pas etre chargde de
plus de 20 caisses ne pesant pas plus de 120 livres chinoises (ghin) ou
4 pouds chacune.
Les postes aux lettres doivent etre expediees le jour meme ou elles
ont €t€ remises; en cas de retard, il y aura une enquete et une punition
s6vere.
Le postilion exp^did avec les postes aux lettres et aux colis doit se
presenter au consulat de Russie a Ourga, y remettre les lettres et colis
adressds aux personnes r^sidant en cette ville, et recevoir d'elles les
lettres et colis qu'elles auraient a exp^dier.
A I'expedition des postes aux colis, les caisses dont elles sont
charg^es doivent etre accompagndes de lettres de voiture (tsin-tan). De
Kiakhta, les lettres de voiture, accompagnees d'un office, sont adresgees
au Gouverneur d'Ourga, et de P^kin, ^galement avec un office, a la cour
des relations extdrieures (Li Fan-youen).
Les lettres de voiture indiquent exactment la date de I'expedition,
le norabre des caisses et leur poids total. Le poids special de chaque
caisse doit etre inscrit sur I'enveloppe meme de la caisse, en chiffres
russes, avec leur traduction en poids fnongol ou chinois.
Private po.5tai gi les marchands russes iueent n&essaire, pour les besoins de leurs
ssrvicQ •' w ' »
sanctioned. affaires de commerce, n'^tablir k leurs frais un service de poste pour le
transport de leurs lettres ou de leurs marchandises, la faculty leur en
sera accord^e, afin d'all6ger le service de la poste de I'Etat. En cas
d'4tablissement d'une communication postale, les marchands doivent
siraplement en pr^venir I'autorite locale pour obtenir son assentiment.
Art. XIII.— Les correspondances ordinaires du Ministre des
Affaires Etrangferes de Russie pour le Conseil Supreme (kiun-ki-tchou)
de I'Empire Ta-Tsing, et celles du Gouverneur-Gdndral de la Sibdrie
Orientale pour le meme conseil ou pour la cour des relations ext^rieures
(Li Fan-you6n) sont expedites de la maniere par la poste, mais sans
etre astreintes aux Epoques fix6es pour le depart de celle-ci; en cas
d'affaires d'une importance particuliere ces correspondances peuvent
etre exp^dides par un courrier russe.
Special Couriers. Pendant le sdjour des envpy^s russes a P6kin, les d^p^ches d'une
importance spdciale peuvent dgalement etre exp^di^es parun fonction-
naire russe expresSdment d^sign^ k cet effet.
Les courriers russes ne doivent etre retenus nuUe part en route,
ni par qui que ce soil.
[ Ul I
Le courrier chargd de transporter des depeches doit absolument
etre sujet russe.
L'expddition d'un courrier est annoncee 24 heures d'avance, a
Kiakhta, par les commissaire au dzargoutchei (ping-you^n) et k P(^kin
par la mission russe a la cour militaire (ping-pou).
Art. XIV. — Si, ulterieurement, quelqu'une des stipulations rela- J?*^',^'™ "'
tives au commerce de terre arretdes par le present Traitd offre des sffecHng "and
inconv^nients a I'une ou a I'autre Partie, le Gouverneur-G^ndral de la *™''*"
Sib6rie Orientale est autorisd a s'entendre avec les autoritds sup6rieures
des frontieres de I'Empire Ta-Tsing et a conclure avec elles des Conven-
tions additionnelles, en se conformant dans tous les cas aux principes
posds ci-dessus.
L' Article XII du Traite deTien-Tsin est en meme temps confirm^
et ne doit subir aucune alteration.
Art. XV. — Ayant arreld d'un coramun accord les dispositions ci- ^'"'I'ange of
dessus, les Pldnipoten'-iaires des Empires de Russie et de Chine ont iSflratfons.
sign6 de leur main et scelld de leur sceau deux exemplaires du texte
Russe du Traits et deux exemplaires de sa traduction en langue chinoise,
et se sont r&iproquement rerais d'un k I'autre un exemplaire de I'un et
de I'autre.
Les Articles du present Traitd ont force legale a dater du jour de
leur echange entre les Plenipotentiares de I'un et de I'autre Empire,
comme s'ils etaient ins^rds mot pour mot dans le Traits de Tien-Tsin, et
doivent etre a toujours executes fiddlement et inviolablement.
Apres avoir 6t6 ratifi6 par les Souverains des deux Empires, ce
Traits sera promulgud dans chacun des deux Etats, pour la connaissance
et la gouverne de qui il appartiendra.
Conclu et signe dans la ville capitale de Pekin, le -^ Novembre, -^ Nov., i860.
i860, de I'ere Chrdtienne,, et 6e annde du regne de I'Empereur Alex-
andre II, et le 26 jour de la loe lune de la loe annde de Hien-Fong.
[L.S.| (Sign^) NICOLAS I^JNATIEW.
[L.S.] rSign^) KONG.
Protocol de V Echange du Trait'e Additionnel de Pikin.
Le -y^ novembre de I'an i860, les Hautes Pldnipotentiaires : pour
I'Empire de Russie, le Gdn^ral-Major Ignatiew, de la suite de Sa Majesty
Imperiale et Chevalier de plusieurs orders ; pour I'Empire Ta-Tsing, le
Prince Kong, Prince de premifere classe, suivis de leurs secretaires et
interpretes, se sont rdunis a 4 heures apres-midi, dans une des salles du
college ecclesiastique Russe situ^ vers le sud, a I'effet de proceder a la
signature et a I'^change du Traitd conclu aujourd'hui et devant servir
de complement au Trait6 de Tien-Tsin de Tannde 1858.
En premier lieu il a €li fait lecture de I'ddit du Bogdokhan, dans
lequel il est declare que Sa Majesty confirme mot pour mot le projet de
Traite Additionnel. en 15 Articles, soumis k sa ratification; qu'elle
promet de I'executer fidfelement et inviolablement, et ordonne k Kong-
tsing-wan d'apposer le sceau et de signer le Traite Additionnel qui a
ete conclu. Kon-tsing-wang ayant ensuite declare quecet edit suffit en
tout point pour que la delimitation des deux Empires et les autres
Articles du Traite soient consideres comme definitivement ratifies par le
Bogdokhan, le Pienipotentiaire de Russie a declare que, de son cote, il
[ 112 ]
consentait k consid^rer le Traits comrae ratifid par le Bogdokhan, et
qu'il 6tkit pret k signer immddiatement le Traitd et k effectuer I'^change
des exemplaires. En consequence, les deux Pldnipotentiaires ont sign^
deux exemplaires du Traite en langue russe et deux exemplaires en
• langue chinoise, et y ont fait apposer leurs sceaux. A la suite de quoi
le Gdndral-Major Ignatiew a remis entre les mains du Prince de premiere
classe Kong I'instrument de Traitd, transcrit dans les deux langues, et
le Prince de premiere classe Kong, ayant regu le Trait6, a remis k son
tour au Pl^nipotentiaire de Russie I'instrument du Traits 6galement
transcrit dans les deux langues.
L'dchange des exemplaires du Traits ayant 6t6 effectu6, les Pldnipo-
tentiaires ont sign6 le present procfes-verbal, en deux exemplaires, a
P^kin, dans une des salles du College Eccldsiastique Russe, situ6 vers
le sud.
[L.S.J (Sign^) NICOLAS IGNATIEW.
[L.S.] (Signe) KONG.
[ W3 ]
CONVENTION FOR THE LAND TRADE BETWEEN
RUSSIA AND CHINA.
Signed, in the Russian and Chinese Languages, at Peking,
20th February, O.S., {4th March, 1862).
This agreement, negotiated between the Minister Plenipotentiary .
of Russia, M. de Balluzeck, and the Yamen of Foreign Affairs at
Peking, in pursuance of Art. XIV of the Treaty concluded with Major-
General Ignatiew in i860, was •comprised in twenty-one articles, to
which a tarifF of duties, to be levied on Russian textile fabrics, furs of
different descriptions, and Chinese produce, was appended. The
Convention of 1869, printed below, supersedes this instrument, of which
it reproduces all tlie essential features.
[Translated from the Chinese.]
REVISED CONVENTION FOR THE LAND TRADE BETWEEN
RUSSIA AND CHINA.
Signed, in the Russian and Chinese Languages, at Peking,
Aj>rU^^, i86g.
Whereas on the 4th day of March (20th Febrnary, O.S.,) in the
year 1862, certain Regulations for the frontier trade between Russia
and China were drawn up and declared to be in force, experimentally,
for a period of three years; and whereas the said period has now
expired, it has been agreed in concert between the Prince of Kung prjnceof Kung
and the Ministers of the Yamen of Foreign Affairs of the Empire of apd Yamen of
China on the one part, and General A. Vlangaly, Envoy Extraordinary °'^^'®° °'™'
and Minister Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the Czar of Russia on the viangliy!^'
other part, that the said Regulations shall be amended as follows : —
Import Trade.
Art. I. — No duties shall be levied upon trade on the frontier of No duties
the two countries within the limit of a hundred li (30 miles). ^^1^^°"*'°'
It shall be at the option of either Government to adopt measures Measures of
of supervision in accordance with its own frontier regulations. supervision.
Art. II. — Russian merchants shall be at liberty to proceed to all Russian mer-
parts of Mongolia subject to China in which (Chinese) officers are ed to'trSii"'
stationed, as also to all the tribes under the Government of the said Mongolia free of
officers, for purposes of trade, and shall likewise be exempt from the '^"*'''
levy duty. China will throw no impediment whatever in the way
of Russian merchants wishing to proceed for purposes of trade to
t 114 ]
Transit
certificates.
Examination of
goods.
Substitute for
certificates in
case of loss.
Merchandise
from Kiacbta to
Tientsin may
be deposited in
part at Kalgan
and there sold ;
duty to be paid.
parts of Mongolia where no Chinese ofBcers are stationed, but such
merchants must be provided with certificates issued by the frontier
authorities of their own Government, such certificates to be stamped
in Russian, Chinese and Mongolian characters, specifying the name of
the bearer, the description of his merchandise and its packages, and
the number of camels, oxen and horses he takes with him. This
certificate is to be presented for inspection at the first Chinese frontier-
post arrived at, where it shall be attested either by stamping or by
signature.
In the event of persons being found without such passport, their
merchandise shall be confiscated, and they shall themselves be dealt
with in conformity with the provision of the tenth article of the
Treaty of Peking, relating to the apprehension and return of refugees.
The Consuls will exercise a strict supervision to prevent Russian
subjects unprovided with passports from proceeding [into Chinese
territory] to trade.
Art. III. — Russian merchants transporting Russian merchandise
to Tientsin must be provided with certificates stamped by the Russian
frontier-oflScers and Chinese Residents at Kiachta, such certificates to
specify in Russian and Chinese the name of the said merchant and his
attendants, the description of his cargo and number of packages.
Caravans of this class shall be permitted to travel only by way of
Kalgan, Tung Pa and T'ung Chow direct to Tientsin. The Chinese
officials at all Customs' stations on the line of travel shall be authorized
to take note of the number of packages and to examine their contents
without delay, and to examine the transit certificate and affix their
stamp to the same, granting passage thereupon. If the packages are
opened for inspection of their contents at any Custom's station, they
shall, on completion of the search, be repacked again under seal by the
Customs, and a note shall be made on the certificate stating the number
of packages opened. The inspection to be made by the Customs shall
not occupy a longer time than two hours. The certificate shall be
surrendered and cancelled at the Customs at Tientsin within six months
[from the date of issue |.
If any certificate be lost, the bearer shall make report forthwith
to the authority by whom the document was issued, specifying the date
and number of the missing certificate. A duplicate shall thereupon be
issued to the applicant without delay, upon which the word "Substitute"
shall be endorsed, and report shall at the same time be made at the
nearest Custom-house, where, on inspection [of the merchandise] and
on finding the same to be correct, a temporary pass shall be issued,
enabling the bearer to proceed, in order to obviate delay. If the report
and application for the pass be made at Kalgan, security shall be given
on the part of the applicant by the Russian merchants at that place,
before the pass is issued.
If on arrival at Tientsin the description of merchandise or the
number of packages is found not to agree with the substitute for the
original certificate, the case shall be dealt with in conformity with Art.
VII, the firm concerned being held responsible, and the lost certificate
shall become null and void.
Art. IV. — Russian merchants transporting merchandise from
Kiachta, shall be authorized on their passage through Kalgan to
deposit at that place a portion of the merchandise bound for Tientsin
to be sold on the spot. Report must be made within three days to the
Superintendent of Customs, who will issue a permit accordingly.
Merc'handise to be stopped at Kalgan shall pay duty before it is
t 115 ]
permitted to be sold. It shall not be necessary, however, to appoint a
Consul or to establish mercantile firms [lit., hongs and store houses] at
the said place.
Art. V. — Russian merchants transporting Russian merchandise j^teofi"??™!^
shall on their arrival at Tientsin pay import duty at the rate of one-third " '' *
less than that specified in the general foreign tariff. This shall be paid
at Tientsin. Merchandise left at Kalgan shall pay import duty at the
place according to the general foreign tariff.
Art. VI. — Any Russian merchandise which shall have been left Eate of import
behind at Kalgan, and having p§id duty at that place, and having merohantoe™"
received the duty certificate, may, if not disposed of, be transported by !«" *' Kalgan.
the merchant to T'ung Chow or Tientsin for sale, and shall pay no
further duty. The Russian merchant shall also in such case have
refunded to him the extra one-third duty paid at Kalgan. A certificate
to this effect shall be issued to him from the Customs at that place.
Art. VII. — If it be found on the arrival of Russian merchandise, Merchandise
brought by a Russian merchant to^ Tientsin, that any of the goods, Ka^m may be
beside those reported for stoppage at Kalgan, have been disturbed or transported to
exchanged, or if the amount of merchandise to be left at Kalgan be TientsS^°refund
found incorrect, the whole of the merchandise belonging to the person of^xtraduty
guilty of the breach of regulations shall be cpnfiscated. ^ ' '
In the event of any actual damage accruing on the journey to the Russian mer-
bales or boxes containing merchandise, rendering fresh packing ais™rted or
necessary, report of the same shall be made at the first Custom-house exchanged en
reached after the repacking has taken place, when, if the description of divergmg frotn '
merchandise be found correct, an endorsement to that effect shall be ^^^J^j^ ™"'^
made upon the certificate, and the bearer shall thereupon be exempt
from the infliction of a penalty.
If any person repairs to other places apart from the direct route,
travelling by a road other than that specified in Art. Ill, and disposes
of his merchandise in an irregular manner, on the identity of a person
guilty of a breach of the regulations being ascertained, the whole of his
merchandise shall be confiscated. In cases where the offender has
merely diverged from the direct route and has not trafficked in
merchandise, he shall be punished by the levy of the amount of the full
duty on the goods.
Where merchandise shall have become subject to confiscation, if compounding in
the owner be willing to compound by payment of its value, arrangement cases of conflsca-
must be made by consultation with the Chinese authorities, and it shall '™'
be allowable to pay over to the authorities such sum as may be justly
estimated as the value of the goods.
Art. VIII.— Russian merchants transporting Russian merchandise Russian mer-
by sea from Tientsin to any of the other ports, shall make good at jj^^s'^'o^^ ^
Tientsin the one-third Tariff duty, remission of which they have sSfrom Tientsin
previously been granted, and shall pay no further duty on arrival at^?Sefmto'
another port. Any merchandise carried into rhe interior from Tientsin the intenor from
or any other port shall pay an additional outport duty in conformity duty^payaWe!*'
with the general foreign tariff (i.e., one-half of the Tariff duty).
Export Trade.
Art. IX. — Russian merchants purchasing Chinese merchandise at Russian mer.
any of the Treaty ports and exporting or importing the same, as also on m'ltt^thegeMrai
importation or exportation, by the sea-route, of foreign goods brought regulations in
from Russia, shall submit' to the general regulations in force with Stf™ '^"'^'^
reference to foreign trade.
route.
[ 116 ]
ohaSe^rans- -^^^- ^- — Russian merchants transporting Chinese merchandise
ported vi& from any of the ports by way of Tientsin en route to Russia, and not
Eas"'ia"having retaining the same for sale at Tientsin, if provided with documents
^h'li^'i-^bi^t <^^'''ifiy'"g 'h^' 'he full duty has been paid elsewhere, shall be liable to
no^turthCT duty, no further levy at Tientsin. The Russian Consul at that port will
prohibited"^"" issue a Certificate in Russian and Chinese to be stamped by the Customs
Examination en at Tientsin setting forth the bearer's name, the description of mer-
chandise, and the number of packages, which shall enable the goods
to be transported to Kiachta without further levy of duty. The
merchants shall be required to follow the route laid down in Art, III,
and the disposal of merchandise i# transitu shall be prohibited. Any
infraction of these provisions shall be dealt with in comformity with
Art. VII.
Surrender of The merchandise shall be subject to examination on its passage
Stefpiara'and through T'ung Chow, T'ung-pa, and Kalgan, as provided in Art. III.
time ' The transit pass shall be surrendered at Kiachta within six months
of the date of issue; or if any delay interposes, report must be made
within the stipulated period to the Consul and the local authorities. A
penalty shall be inflicted in case of violation of this rule. In the event
of loss of the transit certificate by the holder, measures shall be taken
as provided in Art. III.
Merchandise Art. XI. — Russian merchants purchasing at Tientsin, T'ung
ftorior tor" '** Chow, or elsewhere, Chinese merchandise brought from the interior,
overiand trans- and intending to transport the same to Russian territory by the land
^°'j'^a°wh^t route prescribed in Art. Ill, shall pay the full duty as laid down in the
duty certificate general foreign tariff, receiving a certificate for the same, after which no
sai^en route further levy of duty shall be incurred. Such merchandise must not be
forbidden. disposed of en route.
Chinese re-im- ART. XII. — Russian merchants purchasing at Tientsin Chinese
ports sent oyer- je-imports to be Conveyed overland to Russian territory, shall pay no
land from Tien- t , '^ , . -r ., i. j- • ,• i , , • j fi r n
tsin to Russia,— further duty if the merchandise in question has already paid the full
dSt| OT re-im-*^^ duty at the original port (of shipment), and is removed from Tientsin
portation, etc., within the period of one year for conveyance to Russia in full compliance
?etod"ed™saie with all the existing regulations under this head. The half-duty paid
biddM** Transit °" re-importation and storage at Tientsin shall further be refunded by
certificates, etc., means of a Drawback certificate. Such merchandise shall not be
as in Art. X. disposed of en route. Transit certificates shall be issued in such cases
and all other steps be taken as is provided in Art. X.
[Note. — On any change being agreed upon hereafter between China and other
powers respecting tbe levy of duty on re-imports at Tientsin, Russia will adopt the
same alteration].
Chinese produce ^^'^- XIII.— Russian merchants purchasing Chinese produce at
purchases at T'ung Chow for conveyance to Russian, territory, shall give uotice in
Jmivfyan?e'to'' advance at Tung-pa, and pay full duty according to the general foreign
Kussia-duty^^^ tariff. On receipt of the duty at Tung-pa a certificate shall be issued
issued, ^saie"* ° Specifying the description of merchandise and number of packages.
forwddenen gm;^ merchandise shall not be disposed of en route.
Art. XIV.— Russian merchants purchasing Chinese produce at
Chinese produce Kalgan for conveyance to Russian territory shall pay export duty
Sanfor^* thereupon at the rate of the outport or coast trade duty (i.e., half the
conveyanm to fuU duty) in the general foreign tariff. On this being paid at Kalgan
Russia- u y ^ certificate shall be issued by the Customs there, and no further levy
shall thereafter be made. Such merchandise shall not be disposed of
en route.
Art. XV. — Russian merchants purchasing either at Tientsin or
at other ports, foreign merchandise coming from other countries for
r 117 }
conveyance overland to Russian territory, shall not be subiect to further Certificate
1 rj*_'r.i f • - 1, - .,, .».< issued. Sale on
levy of duty if the foreign importer has already paid the tariff duty route forbidden,
and half-duty, and holds a duty receipt in testimony thereof. If only
the import duty has been paid, and not the coast trade duty, the
Russian purchaser shall make good the half-duty by payment at the
Custom-house in accordance with the general foreign tariff.
Art. XVI. — Russian merchants conveying merchandise to Russian cS^eTur-
territory by way of Tientsin, T'ung Chow and Kalgan, must have their chased at the'
goods accompanied by the Customs' permit for purposes of examination. ^S^ pwrtodTo
All matters relating to the period specified for the surrender of the Russia,— duty
Transit Certificate and proceedings in case of the loss of this document pe]?mt"to"'
shall be conducted in conformity with Art. X. good["fn"^
transitu.
General Provisions.
Art. XVII. — The provisions contained in the second article of ^"^'sions for
regulations for trade appended to the foreign tariff shall be equally trade™ the
applied to the overland trade on the part of Russian merchants. mmjhants-"'*"
Art. XVIII. — In the event of Russian merchants being guilty of
acts of smuggling or of the carriage of prohibited articles such as are
specified in Arts. Ill and V of the general tariff regulation, the
merchandise in question shall likewise be confiscated. Merchants conflseation tor
carrying weapons for their own defence shall make report of the same smuggling.
to their own authorities, whereupon an entry will be made upon the defence.^
Transit Certificate.
One military weapon will be allowed to each person.
Art. XIX. — Foreign or Chinese merchandise of any description Foreign or
not enumerated in the general foreign tariff, shall be dealt with in Snenumerated
accordance with the Russian Supplementary Rules agreed upon at merchandise
Tientsin.
Goods unenumerated in both the Supplementary Rules and the
general tariff shall pay duty at the rate of 5 per cent ad valorem, in
conformity with the rules applicable to other nationalities.
Art. XX. — Russian merchants shall not lend their protection to ^"^^j''"v'"f,'''
Chinese merchants for the conveyance of goods from one port to the protect Chinese
«*.Up- merchants in
the conveyance
Art. XXI. — The Chinese authorities shall be at liberty in con- of goods from
formity with the General Rule applicable to all other powers to devise f""* *" ^°^'
■, • . a: •. e •.■•...■ 11 i. i Measures for
and carry into effect from time to time all such measures as may be the prevention
necessary for the stringent prevention of smuggling. of smuggling.
Art. XXII. — The regulations now agreed upon shall continue in These reguia-
force for the period of five years, on the expiry of which period, if reeled afte^flve
either the Russian or Chinese Government be desirous of a revision, years on six
six month's notice previous to the expiry of the said period shall be being given.'"*
given. If no notice be given by the time the period has expired, the thes'i'ArMc'ies'
present Regulations shall continue in force for a further period of five
years, after which time their revision shall be conducted during the
period of six months [antecedent to their expiry]. Any points of
importance or pres'enting objectionable features, shall forthwith be
taken jointly into consideration and made subject to alteration before
the expiry of the period assigned above.
Theabove Articles having been agreed to and signed by the high
Commissioners of the two contracting Powers, and stamped with
their respective seals, shall be notified to all concerned for general
observance.
1 lie )
GERMANY,
TRAIT6 D'AMITl6, DE COMMERCE ET DE NAVIGATION
ENTRE LES ETATS DE L'ASSOCIATION DE DOUANES
ET DE COMMERCE ALLEMANDE, LES GRAND-DUCH^S
DE MECKLEMBOURG-SCHWERIN ET DE MECKLEM-
BOURG-STR^LITZ ET LES VILLES HANS^ATIQUES
DE LUBECK, BR^ME ET HAMBOURG D'UNE PART
ET LA CHINE D'AUTRE PART.
Plenipo-
tentiaries.
Comte
d'Eulenbuig.
Chung Lun.
Chung How.
Signed, in the German, French, and Chinese Languages, at Tientsin, 2nd
September, 1861.
Ratification exchanged at Shanghai, i^th January, 1863.
Sa Majesty le Roi de Prusse, agissant tant en son nom qu'au
nom des autres membres de I'association de douanes et de commerce
AUemande, savoir:
La Couronne de Baviere, la Couroniie de Saxe, la Couronne de
Hannovre, la Couronne de Wurttembergj le Grand-Duchd de Bade,
I'Electorat de Hesse, le Grand-Duchd de Hesse, le Duch6 de Brunswick,
le Grand-Duchd d'Oldenbourg, le Grand-Duch^ de Luxembourg, le
Grand-Duch^ de Saxe, les Duch^s de Saxe-Meiningen, de Saxe-
Altenbourg et de Saxe Coburg 6t Gotha, le Duch6 de Nassau, les
Principautds de Waldeck et Pyrmont, les Duch^s d'Anhalt-Dessau-
Coetheii et d'Anhalt Bernbourg, la Principaut^ de Lippe, les Princi-
paut^s de Schwarzbourg-Roudolstadt et Schwarzbourg-Sondershausen,
de Reuss ligne ain^e et de Reuss ligne cadette, la ville libre de
Francfort, le Grand-Baillage de Meisenheim du Landgraviat de Hesse
et le Baillage de Hombourg du Landgraviat de Hesse, ainsi que
les Grand-Duch^s de Mecklembourg-Schwerin et de Mecklembourg-
Strdlitz et les Sdnats des villes Hans^atiques de Lubeck, Breme et
Hambourg d'une part, et Sa Majesty I'Empereur de Chine d'autre
part, sincerement desireiix d'etablir des rapports d'amitid entre les
susdits Etats et la Chine, ont voulu les consolider par un traits
d'amiti^ de commerce et de navigation, r&iproquement avantageux et
utile aux sujets des Hautes Puissance Contractantes ; a cet effet ont
ddsign^ pour leurs Plenipotentiaires :
Sa Majesty le Roi de Prusse son Chambellan le Sieur Fr^ddric
Albert, Comte d'Eulenburg, Envoye Extraordinaire et Ministre Pl^ni-
potentiaire, Chevalier de I'ordre de I'aigle rouge de la troisifeme class.,
avec le noeud, Chevalier de I'ordre de St. Jean de Jerusalem, etc., etce
etc. ; et Sa Majestd I'Empereur de Chine Tchong-luen, Membre
assistant du Ministere des Affairs Etrangdres de P^kin, Directeur-
G^n6ral des Greniers publics et Commissaire Imperial; Tchong-heou,
sous-Secretaire d'Etat Honoraire, Surintendent des trois ports du
Nord et Commissaire Imperial adjoint, lesquels, apres avoir dchang^
leurs pleins pouvoirs et les ayant trouves en bonne et due forme, ont
arretes les articles suivants :
[ 119 ]
Art. I. — II y aura paix constante et amitid perpdtuelle entre les f?eXhf' ana
Etats contractants. Leurs sujets jouiront dans les Etats respectifs des protection.™
uns et des autres d'une pleine et entibre protection pour leurs personnes
et leurs propridtds.
Art. II. — Sa Majestd le Roi de Prusse pourra, si bon lui semble, Appointment of
accrdditer un agent diplomatique prfes la cour de Pekin et Sa Majestd Agents''"
I'Empereur de Chine pourra de meme, si bon'lui semble, accrediter un
agent diplomatique pres la cour de Berlin.
L' Agent diplomatique accr^dite par Sa Majesty le Roi de Prusse
aura le droit de reprdsenter diplomatiquement les autres Etats
Allemands contractants qui d'aprfes le present traits n'ont pas le droit
de se faire reprdsenter pres la cour de P^kin par un Agent diplomatique
special.
Sa Majesid I'Empereur de Chine consent k ce que I'Agent diplo-
matique accr^dit^ par Sa Majestd le Roi de Prusse, ainsi que sa famille
et les gens de sa maison, resident k demeure fixe a Pekin, ou s'y
rendent ^ventuellement au choix du gouvernement Prussien.
Art. III. — Les Agents diplomatiques de Prusse et de Chine Diplomatic
, / . ° , ,^,. 1^, , ., , . .,, Agents eiyoy all
jouiront reciproquement, dans le lieu de leur residence, des privileges privileges, etc,
et immunitds que leur accorde le droit des gens ; leur personne, leur fntenationai
famille, leur maison et leur correspondance seront inviolables. lis ne usage.
pourront pas etre restreints dans le choix ni dans I'emploi^de leurs
employes, courriers, interpretes, serviteurs, etc., etc.
Les d^penses de toute espfece qu'occasionneront les missions diplo-
matiques seront supporl^es par les gouvernements respectifs.
Les autoritds Chinoises donneront a FAgent diplomatique de Prusse
toutes les facilit^s possibles. pour louer un emplacement et une maison
convenable a la capital quand il devra y 'dtablir sa r&idence.
Art. IV. — Les Etats Allemands contractants pourront nommer Appointment of
en Chine un Consul-General, et dans les ports et villes ouverts oii leurs Oonsuiarofficers.
interets I'exigeront, un Consul, Vice-Consul ouAgent-Consulaire, charges of thSr'absence^
de traiter les affaires de leurs nationaux.
Ces Agents seront trait^s par les autorit^s Chinoises avec la
consideration et les 6gards qui leur sont dus, et ils jouiront des memes
privileges et prerogatives, que les Agents-Consulaires de la nation la
plus favorisee.
En cas d'absence de I'Agent-Consulaire AUeraand les sujets des
Etats Allemands contractants auront la faculty de s'adresser au Consul
d'une puissance amie ou, en cas d'urgence, au chef de la douane, qui
avisera au moyen de leur assurer tous les benefices du present traite.
Art. V. — Les communications officielles de I'Agent diplomatique Language of
Prussien ou des autorites consulaires des Etats Allem?.nds contractants correspondence,
avec les autorites Chinoises seront ecrites en Allemand. Jusqu'a
disposition ulterieure elles seront accompagnees d'une traduction
Chinoise, mais il est expressement entendu que, en cas de dissjdence
dans I'interpretation a donner au texte Allemand et au texte Chinois,
les gouvernements Allemands prendront pour exact le sens exprime
dans le texte Allemand.
De meme les communications officielles des autorites Chinoises
avec le Ministre ou les Consuls de la Prusse et des Etats Allemands
contractants seront ecrites en Chinois, et pour elles le texte Chinois
fera foi. II est bien entendu que les traductions ne feroRt foi en
aucun cas.
Quant au present traite, il sera expedie en langue AUemande, ^^™^!*'^x°'j
Chinoise et Frangaise, dans Je but d'eviter toute discussion ulterieure be\athorftatIve°
et per la raison que la langue Fran^aise est connue de tous les
[ 120 1
diplomates de I'Europe. Toutes ces expeditions ont le meme sens et
la meme signification, mais le texte Frangais sera consid^rd comme le
texte original du traitd, de £3900 [que s'il y avait quelque part una
interpretation diffdrente du texte Allemand et du texte Chinois,
I'expddition Frangaise fera foi.
Qermaifsubjects Art. VI. — Les sujels des Etats Allemands contractants pourront
for vesideuce and s'^tablir avec leurs families, circular librement et se liver au commerce
of land, etc.""* ou ^ 'eur Industrie dans les ports et villas de Canton, Swatau (Tchao-
Tcheou), Amoy, Foutcheou, Ningpo, Shanghai, Tangtcheou, Tientsin,
Nieou-tchoang, Tchin-Kiang, Kiu-Kiang, Hankau, puis de Kiong-
tcheou dans I'ile de Hainan, et de Tai-wan et Tan-choui dans I'ile de
Formose. lis pourront circuler librement d'un port a I'autre avec leurs
navires et leurs marchandises, y acheter ou louer des maisons, affermer
des terrains et b^tir des ^glises, des cimetibres et des hdpitaux.
Merchant vessels Art. VII. — Les navires de commerce des Etats Allemands
visiting other , , , . . ,, , . . /. r
thantreatyports, contractants ne pourront visiter d autras ports, qua ceux qui ont ate
sh™"wfth their d^clar^s ouverts par la present traitd. II leur est ddfendu de visiter
cargoes, be. d'autres ports ou de faire un commerce clandestin sur la c6t6. Les
con isca e . navires qui seraient surpris en contravention avec cette disposition,
seront ainsi que leurs cargaisons, passibles de la confiscation.
nSsMv for Art. VIII. — Les sujets des Etats Allemands contractants pourront
travel. se promener dans le voisinage des ports ouverts au commerce a une
distance decant (loo)lis et pourun temps ned^passant pas cinq (5) jours.
Quant a ceux qui ddsireraient se rendre dans rint6rieur de I'Empire,
ils devraient etre munis de passeports ddlivr^s par les autoritds diplo-
matiques ou consulairas et visds par les autorit6s locales Chinoisas. Le
passeport devra etre exhib6 a touta requisition.
Actionon loss of Dans le cas oil les voyageurs ou commergants des Etats Allemands
contractants auraient perdu leurs passeports, il serait loisible aux
autorit^s locales de les ratenir jusqu'a ca qu'ils aiant pu se procurer de
nouveaux passeports, ou de las faire reconduire au Consulat le plus
voisin sans las maltraiter en aucune fagon ni permettre qu'ils le soieht.
Ils est bien entandu qu'on ne ddlivrera aucun passeport pour las
lieux occupds par les rebelles, on attendra pour le faire que ces lieux
soient entierement pacifies.
Free permission Art. IX. — Las sujets des Etats Allemands contractants pourront
boats, etc., and' choisir librement at a prix d^battu entres les parties, des compradors,
buy books, etc. jnterprfetes, ecrivains, ouvriers, bataliers et domestiques de toutes les
parties de la Chine, at da meme ils pourront louer des embarcations
pour le transport des personnes et das merchandises. lis pourront
dgalement apprendre la langue ou les dialeetas du pays a I'aide de
Chinois et leur enseigner des langues etrangferes. On ne mettre aucun
obstacle k la vente des livres Allemands et a I'achat des livras Chinois.
property'ana'^'' ^^^* ^' — Ceux qui suivent et enseignent la religion chr^tienne
their worship, to jouiront en Chine d'une pleine et enti^re protection pour leurs
eiyoyprotection. pgrgonngs, leurs propridtds et I'exercise de leur culte.
German ships Art. XL — Lorsqu'un batiment des d'un Etats Allemands
^lotsr^*^* contractants arrivera dans las eaux de I'un des ports ouverts au commerce
Stranger, il aura faculty d'engager tel pilote qui lui conviendra pour
se faire conduire dans le port. De meme, quand, apres avoir acquittd
toutes les charges Idgales, il sera pret k mettre a la voile, il pourra
prendre un pilote k son choix pour le sortir du port.
Customs' officers . Art. XII. — .D6squ'un navire de commerce, appartenaut k un des
guard German Etats Allemands contractants, sera arriv^ dans un port, le chef de la
Irefva?" No'fees '^°^^^^ dfeleguera, si bon lui semble, un ou plusieurs prdposds pour
»ii»w««. survejller le iiavire et empdcher qu'il ne se pratique aucune fraude,
[ 121 ]
Ces pr^prosds pourront, selon leurs convenances, rester dans leur
propre bateau ou se tenir a bord du bitiment.
Les frais de leur solde, de leur nourriture et de leur entretien
seront a la charge de la douane Chinoise et ils ne pourront exiger
aucune indemnity ou retribution quelconque des capitaines ou des
consignataires. Toute contravention k cette disposition entrainera une
punitioB proportion nelle au montant de I'exaction, laquelle sera en outre
int^gralement restitute.
Art. XIII. — Dans les vingt-quatre (24) heures qui suivront ships' papers to
I'arrivde du navire du commerce, le capitaine, s'il n'est dClment S" '""Jefi ^"t"^ ,
A,-,v j-^r*,! 1/ 1 ■ • 1 Consul for report
empeche, et, a son defaut, le subrecargue ou le consignataire, devra se to superintend-
rendre au Consulat et y d^poser ses papiers de bord et une copie du e'^t "f Customs.
manifeste.
Dans les vingt-quatre (24) heures suivantes, le Consul enverra au
chef de la douane une note indiquant le nom dd navire, le role
d'dquipage, le tonnage et la nature de son chargement.
Si, par suite de la negligence du capitaine, cette derniere formality Fine for delay,
n'avait pas pu etre acomplie dans les quarante-huit (48) heures, le
capitaine sera passible d'une amende de cinquante (50) piastres par
jour de retard ; la dite amende, toutefois, ne pourra ddpasser la somme
de deux cents (200) piastres.
Aussiiot apres la reception de la note susmentionn^e le chef de la permit to open
douane ddlivrera le permis d'ouvrir la cale. Si le capitaine, avant J''*^'?''^'?'*'?^"^
J , . , , ^ . . , , / . 1 , , I™ disehargmg
a en avoir regu le permis, avait ouvert la cale et commence a decharger, without permit.
il pourrait etre condamn^ a une amende de cinq-cents (500) piastres
au plus, et les marchandises ddbarqu^es pourraint etre saisies.
Art. XIV. — Toutes les fois qu'un ndgociant d'un des Etats Goods may not
Allemands contractants aura des marchandises k embarquer ou ^ l'^ •?!?p'.1,'"' 4.
It '11 J) 1 1 1 11, • . 1 i< -I 1 landed without
debarquer, il devra o'abord en demander 1 autonsation au chef de la a permit under
douane. Les marchandises embarqu^es ou d^barqudes sans cette p^"*"*'-
autorisation, seront passibles de la confiscation.
Art. XV. — Les sujets des Etats Allemands contractants payeront Duties on
sur toutes les marchandises, qu'ils importeront dans les ports ouverts j,"S'sa3°per
au commerce Stranger ou qu'ils en exporteront les droits qui sont annexed tariff.
mentionnds dans le tarif annexe au present traits ; mais en aucun cas
on ne pourra exiger d'eux d'autres droits plus ^lev^s que ceux exiges a
present ou k I'avenir des sujets de la nation la plus favoris^e.
Les r^glements commerciaux annexes au present traits seront Annexed com-
regardes comma partie intdgrante de ce traiti et par consequent partftrfTre'aty
comme obligatoires pour les Hautes Parties contractantes.
Art. XVI. — En ce qui concerne les marchandise qui d'apres le Mode of fixing
tarif sont susjettes k un droit ad valorem, si le ndgociant ne peut subject to an '
tomber d'accord avec I'employd Chinois sur la valeur a fixer, chaque ""* ^"'"'■e™ "i^ty.
partie appellera deux ou trois n^gociants qui seront charges d'examiner
les marchandises. Le prix le plus ^lev^ auquel un de ces marchands
ddclarerait vouloir les prendre sera i6put6 constituer la valeur r^elle
des dites marchandises.
Art. XVII.— Les droits seront pr^levds sur le poids net ; on "" wei'ghff'^ °"
d^duira en consequence la tare. Si le ndgociant AUemand ne peut mode of settling
s'entendre avec I'employ^ Chinois sur la fixation de la tare, chaque '"^'
partie choisira un certain nombre de caisses et de battots parmi les
colis, objets du litige. lis seront d'abord pesds brut, puis tar(5s. La
tare moyenne des colis peses servira de tare pour tous les autres. ah- f
Art XVIII. — Si, pendant le cours de la verification, il s'^lbve diirerencesof"
quelque difficult^ sur d'autres points qui ne puisse etre r^solue, le nego- ^stoms-'officeM
Qiant AUeniand poura rdclamer I'intervention de I'Agent-Consulaire. and merehw»t».
[ 122 3
Celui-ci portera sur-le-champ I'object de la contestation a la con-
naissance du chef de la douane at tous deux s'efforceront d'amener
un arrangement amiable. Maisle temps danslequel cette reclamation
pourra etre adress^e au Consul, sera de vingt-quatre (24) heures; si
non, il n'y sera pas donn^ .suite.
Tant que la contestation restera pendante, le chef de la douane
n'en portera pas I'object sur ses livres, pour ne pas empidter de cette
maniere sur I'examen approfondi et la solution de I'affaire.
Reduction of Art. XIX. — Sur toutes les merchandise importdes, qui auraient
"^ooda'Sow"^^'''' ^P''°"^^ des avaries, aura lieu une reduction de droits proportionn^e a
settled. leur ddprdcation. Cette reduction sera determin^e dquitablement;
mais si des contestations s'^levent, elles seront termindes ainsi qu'il a
6i6 stipule dans I'article seize pour les marchandise taxdes ad valorem.
A German ship Art. XX. — Tout bitiment d'un des Etats AUemands contractants
if she has not entrd dans un port Chinois, pourra, quand la cale n'a pas encore ^te
Xy'depart ^^' ouverte, le quitter dans les quarante-huit (48) heures apres son arriv^e
vrtthin 48 honres £[ gg rendre dans un autre port, sans avoir a payer ni droits de tonnage,
ofheramval .,.,, '^a . , i 7
mthoutpayiug ni droits de douane, et sans etre sujet au payment de quelque autre
Customs''dues. droit. Les quarante-huit (48) heures ecoul^es il devra payer les
droits de tonnage.
Import and ■^^■^' ^^I- — ^^Les droits d'importation seront acquittds lors du
export duties d^barquement des marchandises et les droits d'exportation lors de leur
ciearance'to'^e^ embarquement. Lorsque les droits de tonnage et de douane dus par
issued. le batiment et la cargaison auront 6t6 int^gralement acquitt6s, le c-hef
de la douane ddlivera une quittance gdn^rale sur I'exhibition de
laquelle I'Agent-Consulaire rendra ses papiers de bord au capitaine et
lui permettra de mettre k la voile.
Duties to be paid Art. XXII. — Le chef de la douane ddsignera une ou plusieurs
into^authorized niaisons de change qui seront autoris^es a recevoir les droits dus pour
receipts shall be le compte du gouvemement. Les rdcepissdes de ces maisons de change
^°°^- seront rdput^s d^livr^s par le gouvernment. Les payements pourront
s'op^rer en lingots ou en monnaies ^trangferes, dont le rapport avec
I'argent syc^ sera determine, suivants les circonstances, de commun
accord entre I'Agent-Consulaire Allemand et le chef de la douane.
Rateottonnage ■^^'^- XXIII. — Tout batiment de commerce dcs Etats Allemands
dues, certiflcates contractants jaugeant plus de cent-cinquante (150) tonneaux payera
theretom!"" 'es droits de tonnage a raison de quatre (4) maces par tonneau, et tout
navire jaugeant cent-cinquante (150) tonneaux et moins payera a
raison d'un (i) mace par tonneau.
Lors du payement du droit prdcit^ le chef de la douane ddlivrera
au capitaine ou au consignataire un certificat, sur I'exhibition duquel
aux autorit^s douanieres de tout autre port Chinois, oil il conviendrait
au capitaine de se rendre, on ne lui demandera plus de droits de
tonnage durant quatre (4) mois a partir de la date de la quittance
generate mention^e a I'arlicle vingt-un.
Boats carrying ^ont exemptes des droits de tonnage les embarcations employees
passengers or par les sujets des Etats AUemands contractants au transport de
exempt from" *^ passagers, bagages, lettres, comestibles et de tous objets non sujets
Touuagedues. ^yjj droits. Si les dites embarcations transportaient en outre des
marchandises sujettes aux droits, elles resteraient dans la catdgorie des
navires jaugeant moins de cent-cinquante (150) tonneaux et payeraient
un droit de tonnage d'un (i) mace par tonneau.
Duty paid Art. XXIV. — Les marchandises, qui auront acquittd dans un
imports carried port Chinois les droits de douane liquidds d'aprfes le tarif, pourront
commiitation of ^^^^ transport^es dans Tint^rieur du pays sans avoir a subir aucun
Transit duties, autre charge que le payement des droits de transit. Ces dpits seront
[ las ]
pergus suivant le taux actuellement en vigueur et ne seront susceptibles
d'aucune augmentation future. II en sera de meme des marchandises
transportdes de I'interieur du pays a un port.
Les droits de transit afKrents aux produits transport's de I'inte-
rieur a un port et aux marchandises transportdes d'un port a I'interieur
pourront §tre acquittds par un seul payement.
Si des fonctionnaires Chinois, contrairement a la teneur du uwt^StioS
present article, exigeaient des retributions ill^gales ou prelevaient des
droits plus eiev's, ils seraient punis suivant les lois de'la Chine. (*)
Art. XXV. — ^Le capitaine d'un navire appartenant a un des Etats Customs' dues
Allemands contractants, qui sera entrd dans lin port Chinois et qui d?scharged?'"^^°
voudra n'y ddchafger qu'une partie de la cargaison, ne payera les droits
de douane que pour la partie d^barqude. II pourra transporter le'
reste de la cargaison dans un autre port, I'y vendre et y acquitter les
droits.
Art. XXVI. — Dans le cas oil des ndgociants d'un des Etats Re-exportation
Allemands contractants, aprfes avoir acquiltd dans un port Chinois les importsf*'
droits sur des marchandises import'es, voudraient les rdexporter, ils
en prdviendraient le chef de la douane, afin de faire constater par
celui-ci I'idenlitd de la marchandise et I'integrite des colis.
Si les marchandises 'taient destinies a etre rdexportdes dans un
autre port Chinois, le chef de la douane remettfa aux marchands qui
desrreraient les rdexporler une declaration, attestant que le droits
afferents aux dites marchandises ont 6{.6 acquittds.
En vertu de cette declaration, le chef de la douane du port Confiscation of
Chinois auquel on transportera les dites marchandises deiivrera un fraud.'" °'"'° "
permis de debarquement en franchise de droits, sans en exiger de
faxes ni de surcharges suppiementaires. Mais si en comparant les
marchandises avec la declaration on decouvrait de la fraude, les
marchandises passdes en fraude seraient passibles de la confiscation.
Si les marchandises etaient destinees a etre reexportees dans un Payment by
port hors de la Chine, le chef de la douane du port de reexportation certificate,
deiivrera un certificat, constatant que le negociant qui reexporte les
marchandises a une creance sur la douane, equivalente au montant des
droits deja payes sur ces marchandises. Le dit certificat sera regu en
payement par la douane pour sa valeur entifere com me de I'argent
comptant toutes les fois qu'il s'agira d'acquitter des droits d'importation
ou d'exportation.
Art. XXVII. — Aucun transbordement de marchandises ne pourra Goods
avoir lieu sans permis special du chef de la douane. Sauf le cas de -vSjut special
peril en la demeure, toutes marchandises qui aurait ete transbordees P"™'* ?'']"'«
^ . , ' . f y ' confiscated,
sans permission, seraient connsquees. except in case of
(*) The wording of this Article in the German text of the Treaty is as
follows : —
Art. XXIV. — Solche Waaren, von denen in einen Chinesischen Hafen die
tarifmaessigen Zoelle entrichtet worden sind, sollen in das Innere des Landes
transportirt werden koennen, ohne irgend einer andern Abgabe als der Transit
Abgaba zu unterliegen. Diese soil nach den gegenwaertig geltenden Saetzen
erhoben und in Zukunft nicht erhoeht werden. Dasselbe, gilt von Waaren, die
aus dem Innern des Landes nach einem Hafen transportirt werden.
Von Erzeugniessen, welche aus dem Inlande nach einem Hafen oder von
Einfuhren welche aus einem Hafen nach dem Intande gefuehrt werden, koennen
saemmtlich^ daranf haftenden Transit- Abgaben auf einmal entrichtet werden.
Wenn ChinesischS Beamte, dem Inhalte dieses Artikels zuwider, ungesetzli-
che oder hoehere als die gesetzlichen Abgaben erheben soUten so sollen sie nach
den Chimesiscben Gesetzen bestraft werden.
t 124 ]
standards of
weights and
measures.
All fines and
confiscations by
present treaty to
belong to the
Chinese
government.
German shi]3s of
war may visit all
the ports of
China.
German ships of
distress may
enter any port of
China without
payment of
tonnage or
Customs' dues ;
vessels wrecked
or stranded to
receive
assistance.
Uutual
extradition of
deserters or
criminals.
Pirates
attacMng
German ships ;
and property
plundered.
Chinese ofi&cials
not to be
pecuniarily
responsible.
Representation
to Chinese
authorities.
Art. XXVIII. — Dans chacun des ports ouverts an commerce
Stranger, le chef de la douane ddposera chez I'Agent-Consulaire un
assoitiment des poids et des mesures en usage k la douane de Canton,
ainsi que des balances legales pour peser les marchandises et I'argent.
Ces mesures, poids et balances normales formeront la base de toutes
les liquidations de droits et de tous les payments, et on y aura recours
en cas de contestation.
Art. XXIX. — Toutes les amendes et confiscations prononc^es
pour des coniraventions au present traits ou aux rdglements commer-
ciaux y annexes, appartiendront au gouvernement Chinois.
Art. XXX. — Tout bitiment de guerre des Etats AUemands
contractants, croisants pour la protection du commerce ou lanc^ h. la
poursuite des pirates, sera libre de visiter tous les ports Chinois sans
exception.
On leur donnera toutes les facilit^s de se ravitailler, de s'appro-
visionner d'eau et, en cas de besoin, de faire des reparations, et on ne
leur opposera aucun obstacle. Les commandants de ces batiments
communiqueront avec les autorit^s Chinoises sur le pied d'^galitd et
de politesse, et les batiments seront exempts de toute espece d'imp6ts.
Art. XXXI. — Si un navire de commerce, appartenant a un des
Etats AUemands contractants, etait contrait par suite d'avaries ou
pour d'autres causes de chercher refuge dans un port, il pourra entrer
dans tout "port Chinois sans exception, sans etre sujet au payement
de droits de tonnage. De meme il n'y aura point de droits de douane
k acquitter sur les marchandises qu'il aura a bord, pourvu que celles-ci
ne soient d^chargdes qu'k cause de la reparation du navire et qu'elles
restent sous la surveillance du chef de la douane. Si un tel navire
venait a dchouer ou se perdre, les autoritds Chinoises prendraient sur-
le-champ des mesures pour le sauvelage de Idquipage et la preserva-
tion du navire et de sa cargaison. L'dquipage sauve sera bien traitd
et, en cas de besoin, pourvu de moyens pour arriver a la station
consulaire la plus proche.
Art. XXXII. — S'il arrive que des matelots ou d'autres individus
d^sertent des bitiments de guerre ou s'^vadent des navires de commerce
d'un des Etats AUemands contractants, Tautoritd Chinoise, sur la
requisition de I'Agent-Consulaire ou, k son d^faut, du capitaine,
prendra les mesures necessaires pour de OLivrir le d^serteur ou fugitive
et le restituer sur-le-champ entre les mains de I'Agent-Consulaire ou,
du capitaine. '
Pareillement, si des Chinois d^serteurs ou pr^venus de quelque
crime, vont se refugier dans des maisons ou a bord d'un navire
appartenant a des sujets AUemands, I'autorite locale s'adressera a
I'Agent-Consulaire Allemand qui prendra immediatement les mesures
ndcessaires pour que leur extradition soit effectude.
Art. XXXIII. — Dans le cas oh des navires appartenants h, un
des Etats AUemands contractants seraient pill^s par des pirates dans
des parages dependants de la Chine, il sera du devoir des autorites
Chinoises de ne rien negliger pour que les voleurs soient arretes et
punis. Les marchandises enlevees, en quelque lieu et dans quelqu'etat
qu'elles se trouvent, seront deposees entre les mains de I'Agent-Con-
sulaire qui les fera remettre aux ayants-droit. Si Ton ne pent s'emparer
des coupables ni recouvrer la totalite des objets voles, les fonctionnaires
Chinois subiront la peine infligee par la loi en pareille circonstance,
mais ils ne sauraient etre rendus pecuniairement responsables.
Art. XXXIV. — Toutesles foisqu'un sujet d'un des Etats AUemands
contractants voudra recourir k I'autorite Chinoise, sa representation
C 125 ]
devra d'abord etre soumise a I'Agent-Consulaire qui, suivant qu'il la German subjects
trouvera raisonnable et convenablement redigee, lui donnera suite ou throuSfGeman
la rendra, afin d'etre modifiee. consul, and vim
Les Chinois de leur c6t6, lorsqn'ils auront k s'addresser au Con- ''*™'
sulat, devront suivre une marche analogue auprds de I'autorit^ Chinoise,
laquelle agira de la mfeme manifere/
Art. XXXV. — Lorsqu'un sujet des Etats Allemands contiactants Disputes
aura quelque motif de plainte contre un Chinois, 11 devra d'abord se andcwn?le™*^
rendre chez I'Agent-Consulaire et lui exposer ses griefs. L'Agent- subjects.
Consulaire, apres avoir examind I'affaire, s'efforcera de I'arranger k civa"uite™
I'amiable. De mSme, quand un Chinois aura k se plaindre d'un sujet
d'un des Etats Allemands contractants, I'Agent-Consulaire dcoutera sa
reclamation avec intdret et cherchera k manager un arrangement a
I'amiable. Mais si dans I'un ou I'autre cas la chose dtait impossible,
I'Agent-Consulaire requerra I'assistance du fonctionnaire Chinoise com-
petent, et tons deux conjointeraent staiueront suivant I'dquitd.
Art. XXXVI. — Les auloritds Chinoises accorderont tor.jours la Protection of
plus complete protection aux personnes et a la propri^t^ des sujets fro™insui?and^
Allemands, et particuliferement, lorsque ceux-ci seraient I'objet de "'Jmy
quelque insulte ou violence. Dans tous les cas d'incendie, de pillage
ou de destruction, les aut'jritds locales enverront en toute hi,le la
force armee pour dissiper I'^meute, s'emparer des coupables et les
livrer a toute la s^v^ritd des lois, le tout sans prejudice des poursuites
a exercer, par qui de droit, contre les coupables quels qu'ils soient
pour indemnisation des pertes eprouv^es.
Art. XXXVII. — Si un sujet Chinois, ddbiteur d'un sujet des Action in case
Etats Allemands contractants, manquait a payer ses dettes ou s'eloignait debtorsTnefflier
frauduleusement, rautorit6 Chinoise, sur la requette du cr^ancier, ne govemnient
A 1. A, , r ■ ■(- . • 7 1 1 ^1 . responsible for
negligera aucun moyen pour arreter le fugitif et contraindre le debiteur individuaidebts.
a payer sa dette.
De meme les autoritds Allemandes feront tout leur possible pour
forcer les sujets Allemands a aquitter leurs dettes envers des sujets
Chinois. et pour les faire comparaitre en justice, s'ils se sont ^loignes
frauduleusement. Mais en aucun cas ni le gouvernement Chinois ni
les gouvernements des Etats Allemands contractants ne sauraient etre
rendus responsables des dettes de leurs sujets.
Art. XXXVIII. — Les sujets Chinois qui se rendront coupables German
d'une action criminelle contre un sujet d'un des Etats Allemands cwna wui be"
contractants, seront arrfet^s par les autorit^s Chinoises et punis suivant ^""^^n'^''^
les lois de la Chine. Consular
Les sujets d'un des Etats Allemands contractants, qui commet- dStaquents'bl'
traient un crime contre un sujet Chinois, seront arretds par I'Agent- ^'V™*'?..
Consulaire et punis suivant les lois de I'Etat auquel ils appartienent.
Art. XXXIX. — Toutes les contestations de droits, soit de cwnese
personne soit de propriety qui pourraient s'dlever entre les sujets des noUnterferrin
Etats Allemands contractants, reldveront de la juridiction desautorites disputes
de ces Etats. En cas de differends survenus entre des sujets des Etats subjects,
Allemands contractants et des Strangers, I'autoritd Chinoise n'aura forti^Mrs
point a s'en meler.
Art. XL. — II est convenu entre les parties contractantes, qu'il Favoured
sera accorde aux Etats Allemands et a leurs sujets participation pleine treatment.
et egale a tous les privileges, immunitds et avantages qui ont 6ie
acordds ou seront concddds dor6navant par Sa Majestd I'Empereur de
Chine au gouvernement ou aux sujets d'une autre nation quelconque.
En particulier tous les changements apport^s en faveur d'une autre
nation quelconque au tarif ou aux disposition concernants les droits de
t 126 1
Eevision of
present Treaty
at the expiry of
ten years from
the exchange of
ratifications.
Exchange of
ratifications.
Publication of
Treaty to all
officials
throughout
China.
2nd Sept., 1861.
douane, de tonnage et de port, d'importation, d'exportation et de
transit, seront immediatement applieables au commerce des Etats
Allemands contractants, ainsi qu'a leurs marchands, armateurs et
capitaines par le seul fait de leur raise a execution et sans qu'il faille
un nouveau traits.
Art. XLI. — Si dorenavant les Etats Allemands contractants
jugeaient convenable d'apporter des modifications a quelques unes des
clauses du present traitd, ils seront libres d'ouvrir a cet effect des
negociations aprfes un intervalle de dix (lo) ann^es rdvolues k partir du
jour de I'dchange des ratifications, mais il faut que six (6) mois avant
I'expiration des dix annees ils fassent connaitre officiellement au
gouvernement Chinois leur intention d'apporter des modifications, et
en quoi elles consisteront. A ddfaut de cette annouce officielle, le
traits restera en vigueur sans changement pour un nouveau terme de
dix (lo) anndes.
Art. XLII. — Le present traits sera ratifie et les ratifications
seront echangees dans Vintervalle d'un an a partir du jour de la
signature ou a Changhai ou a Tientsin, au choix du gouvernement de
Prusse. Aussitot que I'^change aura eu lieu, le Gouvernement Chinois
portera le traite a la connaissance de toutes les autorites superieures
de I'Empire, dans les provinces et dans la capitale, enfin qu'elles s'y
conferment.
En foi de quoi les Plenipotentiaires respectifs des hautes parties
contractantes ont sign^ le present traitd et y ont appos6 leurs sceaux.
Fait en quatre expeditions a Tientsin le deux Septembre de Tan de
grace mil huit-cent soixante-et-un, correspondant au vingt-huitieme
jour de la septibme lune de la onzifeme annde de Hien-Foung.
[L.S.] (Signe) COMTE D'EULENBURG.
[L.S.] (Signe) TCHONG-LUEN.
[L.S.] (Signe) TCHONG-HEOU.
Five years to be
aUowed to
elapse before a
Diplomatic
agent is
established by
Fmssia at
Peking.
ARTICLE s6pAR6.
La Prusse, les autres Etats de rAssociation de douane et de
commerce Allemande, les Grand-Duch^s de Mecklembourg-Schwerin
et de Mecklembourg-Str^litz, ainsi que les Villes Hans6atiques de
Lubeck, Breme et Hambourg.
Ayant couclu aujourd'hui avec la Chine un traits d'amiti^, de
commerce et de navigation, exdcutoire apres I'^change des ratifications
qui doit avoir lieu dans I'intervalle d'une annde, et d'apr^s lequel Sa
Majestd le Roi de Prusse a le droit d'accrdditer un Agent diplomatique
a demeure fixe prfes la cour de Peking, il est conveuu entre les Pldnipo-
tentiaires respectifs de ces Etats, qu'en raison des troubles qui d^solent
actuellement la Chine, Sa Majestd le Roi de Prusse attendra qu'un laps
de cinq (s) annees se soil ecoule a partir de I'^change des ratifications
du present trait6 pour accrediter a demeure fixe un agent diplomatique
a P^in.
En foi de quoi les Plenipotentiaires respectifs ont sign^ le present
article et y ont apposd leurs sceaux.
Fait en quatre expeditions a Tientsin le deux Septembre de I'an de
grice mil huit-cent soixante-et-un, correspondant au vingt-huitiferae jour
de la septieme lune de la onzieme ann^e de Hien-Foung.
t 127 1
ARTICLE s6pAR6
La Prusse, les autres Etats de I'Association de douane et de
commerce AUemande, les Grand-Duch^s de Mecklembourg-Schwerin et
de Mecklembourg-Strdlitz, ainsi que les Villes Hans6atiques de Lubeck,
Breme et Hambourg.
Ayant conclu aujourd'hui avec la Chine un traitd d'amitd, derpheHanse
commerce et de navigation, il est convenu en outre que les S^nats des ^°^j^j^?''®
Villes Hansdatiques auront le droit de nommer un Consul dans chaque appoint Consuls
port Chinois ouvert k la navigation et au commerce etranger, pour y ^^^^^^^p^P""^^
Iraiter les affaires de leurs nationaux.
Le present article separ^ aura la meme vigueur et la meme validitb
que s'il 6tait inscrit mot a mot dans le trait6 susmentionn^.
En foi de quoi les Plenipotentiaires respectifs ont signe le present
article et y ont apposd leurs sceaux.
Fait en quatre expeditions a Tientsin le deux September de I'an de
grS,ce mil huit-cen tsoixante-et-un, correspondant au vingt-huitieme jour
de la septieme lune de la onzifeme ann^e de Hien-Foung.
[L.S.1 (Signe) COMTE D'EULENBURG.
[L.S.] (Signe) TCHONG-LUEN.
[L.S.] (Signe) TCHONG-HEOU.
[ 128 ]
SWEDEN AND NORWAY.
TREATY OF PEACP:, AMITY, AND COMMERCE BETWEEN
THE KINGDOMS OF SWEDEN AND NORWAY
AND THE EMPIRE OF CHINA.
Commissioners
C.F.Liljewalch.
Ki-ying.
Signed at Canton, 20th Alarch, 1847.
Accepted and confirmed by Sweden, 28th October, 184'/.
Mutual peace
and amity.
Tariff duties on
trade. No higher
duties than are
paid by other
nations. Fees
and charges
abolished. Rights
of most favoured
nation.
The Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway and the Ta Tsing Enapire,
desiring to establish firm, lasting, and sincere friendship between the
three nations, have resolved to fix, in a manner clear and positive, by
means of a Treaty or General Convention of Peace, Amity, and
Commerce, the rules which shall in future be mutually observed in the
intercourse of their respective countries :
For which most desirable object His Majesty the King of Sweden
and Norway has conferred full powers on his Commissioner Charles
Frederick Liljewalch, and the August Sovereign of the Ta Tsing Empire
on his Minister and Commissioner Ki Ying, of the Imperial House,
Superintendent-General of the Trade and Foreign Intercourse of the
Five Ports, Governor-General of the Two Kwang Provinces, a Director
of the Board of War, Vice High Chancellor, and a Vice-Guardian of the
Heir Apparent ;
And the said Commissioners, after having exchanged their said full
powers, and duly considered the premises, have agreed to the following
Articles : —
Art. I. — There shall be a perfect, permanent, universal peace,
and a sincere and cordial amity between the Kingdoms of Sweden and
Norway on the one part, and the Ta Tsing Empire on the other part,
and between their people respectively, without exception of persons or
places.
Art. II. — Subjects of His Majesty the King of Sweden and
Norway resorting to China for the purposes of commerce, will pay the
duties of import and export prescribed in the tariff, which is fixed by
and made a part of this Treaty. They shall, in no case, be subject to
other or higher duties than are and shall be required of the people of
any other nation whatever. Fees and charges of every sort are wholly
abolished, and the officers of the revenue who may be guilty of exaction
shall be punished according to the laws of China. If the Chinese
Government desire to modify, in any respect, the said tariflf, such
modifications shall be made only in consultation with Consuls or other
functionaries thereto duly authorized by His Majesty the King of
Sweden and Norway, and with consent thereof. And if additional
advantages or privileges, of whatever description, be conceded hereafter
by China to any other nation, Sweden and Norway and citizens thereof
shall be entitled thereupon to a complete, equal, and impartial partici-
pation in the same.
f ^i2& ]
Art. III. — The Subjects of His Majesty the King of Sweden and Trade »t Ave
Norway are pei'mitted to frequent the five 'ports of KwangchoW, Amoy, SSSwS'^^
Foochow, Ningpo and Shanghai, and to reside with their families and Penalties for
trade there, and to proceed at pleasure with their vessels and Suduienttrade.
merchandise to and from any foreign port and either of the said five
ports, and from either of the said five ports to any other of them.
But said vessels shall not unlawfully enter the other ports of China,
nor carry on a clandestine and fraudulent trade along the coasts
thereof. And any vessel belonging to a subject of His Majesty the
King of Sweden and Norway, which violates this provision, shall,
with her cargo, be subject to confiscation to the Chinese Government.
Art. IV. — For the superintendence and regulation of the concerns Appointment
of Swedes and Norwegians, doing business at the said five ports. His consuls." "™
Majesty ihe King of Sweden and Norway may appoint Consuls, or
other officers, at the same, who shall be duly recognized as such by
the officers of the Chinese Government, and shall hold official inter-
course and correspondence with the latter, either personal or in
writing, as occasions may require, on terms of equality and reciprocal
respect. If disrespectfully treated or aggrieved in any way by the
local authorities, said officers on the one hand shall have the right to
make representation of the same to the superior officers of the Chinese
Government, who will see that full enquiry and strict justice be had
in the premises; and on the other hand the said Consuls will carefully
avoid all acts of unnecessary offence to, and collision with, the officers
and people of China.
AuT. V. — At each of the said five ports the subjects of His
Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, lawfully engaged in exportation and
commerce, shall be permitted to import, from their own or any other me?chand?se.'''
ports, into China and sell there, and purchase therein, and export to
their own and any other ports, all manner of merchandise of which the
importation or exportation is not prohibited by the Treaty, paying the
duties which are prescribed by the tariff hereinbefore established, and
no other charges whatsoever.
Art. VI. — Whenever any merchant vessel, belonging to Sweden ships' papers.
or Norway shall enter either of the said five ports for trade, her papers Tonnage dues.
shall be lodged with the Consul, or person charged with affairs, who payment of
will report the same to the Commissioner of Customs; and tonnage ^|°"™|e'^"*^'°
duty shall be paid on same vessel at the rate of 5 mace per ton if she
be over 150 tons burden; and i mace per ton if she be of the burden
of 150 tons, or under, according to the amount- of her tonnage as
specified in the register; said payment to be in full of the former
charges of measurement and other fees, which are wholly abolished.
And If any vessel, which having anchored at one of the said ports,
and there paid tonnage duty, shall have occasion to go to any other
of the said ports to complete the disposal of her cargo, the Consul or
person charged with affairs, will report the same to the Commissioner
of Customs, who, on the departure of the said vessel will note in the
port clearance that the tonnage duties have been paid, and report the
same to the other Custom Houses; in which case, on entering another
port, the said vessel will only pay duty there on her cargo, but shall
not be subject to the payment of tonnage duty a second time.
Art. VII. — No tonnage duty shall be required on boats belonging small crafts and
to subjects of His Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, employed ""g" boats.
in the conveyance of passengers, baggage, letters, and articles of
provision-, or others not subject to duty, to or from any of the five
ports. AH cargo boats, however, conveying merchandise subject to
1
I 180 ]
duty, shall pay the regular tonnage duty of i mace per ton, provided
they belong to subjects of His Majesty the King of Sweden and
Norway, but not if hired by them from subjects of China.
Engagement of ART. VIII. — Subjects of His Majesty the King of Sweden and
iinguists%™*^' Norway, for their vessels bound in, shall be allowed to engage pilots,
who will report said vessels at the passes and take them into the port,
and when the lawful duties have all been paid, they may engage pilots
to leave port. It shall also be lawful tor them to hire at pleasure
servants, compradores, linguists, and writers, and passage or cargo
boats, and to employ labourers, seamen, and persons for whatever
necessary service for a reasonable compensation, to be agreed on by
the parties, or settled by application to the Consular Office of their
Government, without interference on the part of the local officers of
the Chinese Government.
Custom House Art. IX. — Whenever merchant vessels, belonging to Sweden or
vess|[sinport° Norway, shall have entered port, the Superintendent of Customs will,
if he see fit, appoint Custom-House officers to guard said vessels, who
may live on board the ship, or their own boats, at their convenience;
but provision for the subsistence of said officers shall be made by the
Superintendent of Customs, and they shall not be entitled to any
allowance from the vessel or owner thereof; and they shall be subject
to suitable punishment for any exaction practised by them in violation
of this regulation.
Report to Art. X. — Whenever a merchant vessel belonging to Sweden or
of'pemirts!^™^ Norway shall cast anchor in either of said ports, the supercargo,
P"t>^s 0° "argo master, or consignee will, within 48 hours, deposit the ship's papers
Permission to in the hands of the Consul, or person charged with affairs of Sweden
hourswlthout''^ ^^'^ Norway, who will cause to be communicated to the Superintendent
payment of of Customs a true report of the name and tonnage of such vessel, the
tonnage dues, n^mes of her men and of the cargo on board, which being done the
Superintendent will give a permit for the discharge of her cargo.
And the master, supercargo, or consignee, if he proceed to discharge^
the cargo without such permit, shall incur a fine of 500 dollars; and
the goods so discharged without permit shall be subject to forfeiture
to the Chinese Government. But if the master of anj vessel in port
desire to discharge a part only of the cargo, it shall be lawful for him
to do so, paying duties on such part only, and to proceed with the
remainder to any other ports. Or, if the master so desire, he may
within 48 hours after the arrival of the vessel, but not later, decide
to depart without breaking bulk, in which case he will not be subject
to pay tonnage or other duties or charges, until, on his arrival at
another port, he shall proceed to discharge cargo, when he will pay
the duties on vessel and cargo according to law. And the tonnage
duties shall be held to be due after the expiration of said 48 hours.
Mode of fixing Art. XI. — The Superintendent of Customs, in order to the
Ioo™s.'™°' collection of the proper duties will, on application made to him
through the Consul, appoint suitable officers, who shall proceed in the
presence of the captain, supercargo, or consignee, to make a just and
fair examination of all goods in the act of being discharged for
importation, or laden for exportation ou board any merchant vessel of
Sweden or Norway, and if dispute occur in regard to the value of
goods, subject to an ad valorem duty, or in regard to the amount of
tare, and the same cannot be satisfactorily arranged by the parties.
the question may within 24 hours, and not afterwards, be referred to
the said Consul, to adjust with the Superintendent of Customs.
( 181 ]
Art. XII. — Sets of standard balances, and also weights and Weights
measures, duly prepared, stamped, and sealed, according to the
standard of the Custom-House at Canton, shall be delivered by the
Superintendent of Customs to the Consuls at each of the five ports to
secure uniformity and prevent confusion in Vi^eights and measures of
merchandise.
Art. XIII. — The tonnage duty on vessels, belonging to subjects f^Jf^u^'es'^'^"^*
of His Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, shall be paid on Limitation of
their being admitted to entry. Duties of import shall be paid on the p™"entraS*°
discharge of the goods, aud duty of export on the lading of the same.
When all such duties shall have been paid, and not before, the
Superintendent of Customs shall give a port clearance, and the Consul
shall return the ship's paper, so that she may depart on her voyage.
The duties shall be paid to the shroffs, authorized by the Chinese
Government to receive the same in its behalf. Duties, payable by
subjects of His Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, shall be
received either in Sycee silver, or in foreign money, at the rate of
exchange as ascertained by the regulations now in force. And imported
goods, on their resale or transit in any part of the Empire, shall be
subject to the imposition of no other duty than they are accustomed
to pay at the date of this Treaty.
Art. XIV. — No goods on board any Swedish or Norwegian g°^s ;, ™ "'
merchant vessel in port are to be transhipped to another vessel, unless transhipped
there be particular occasion therefor ; in which case the occasion shall '*>*''°"' pe™''
be certified by the Consul to the Superintendent of Customs, who may
appoint officers to examine into the facts and permit the transhipment.
And if any goods be transhipped without such application, inquiry,
and permit, they shall be subject to be forfeited to the Chinese
Government.
Art. XV. — The former limitation of the trade of foreign nations, OT'ii^Son'on
to certain persons, appointed at Canton by the Government and trade abolished,
commonly called Hong merchants, having been aboHshed, subjects of
His Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, engaged in the sale or
purchase of goods of import or export, are admitted to trade with any
and all subjects of China, without distinction ; they shall not be subject
to any new limitations, nor impeded in their business by monopolies
or other injurious restriction.
Art. XVI. — The Chinese Government will not hold itself res- Recove^ofdebt
ponsible for any debts which may happen to be due from subjects "® ^
of China to subjects of Sweden and Norway, or for frauds committed
by them, but Swedes and Norwegians may seek redress in law ; and
on suitable representation being made to the Chinese local authorities
through the Consul, they will cause due examination in the premises,
and take all proper steps to compel satisfaction. But in case the debtor
be dead, or without property, or have absconded, the creditor cannot
be indemnified according to the old system of the Co-Hong so-called ;
and if subjects of His Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway be
indebted to subjects of China, the latter may seek redress in the same
way through the Consul, but without any responsibility for the debt
on the part of Sweden and Norway.
Art. XVII.— Subjects of His Majesty the King of Sweden and Hiring of sites
■ T • • .^ r ii_ i > i ■ for houses,
Norway, residing or sojourning at any of the ports open to foreign churches,
commerce, shall enjoy all proper accommodation in obtaining houses \l^^llll^°^
and places of business, or in hiring sites from the inhabitants on Protection' of
which to construct houses and places of business and also hospitals, "™*^"*'-
churches and cemeteries.. The local authoritiesof thetwoGovernments
shall select in concert the sites for the foregoing objects, having due
regard to the feelings of the people in the location thereof; and the
parties interested will fix the rent by mutual agreement, the proprietors
on the one hand not demanding any exorbitant price, nor the merchants
on the other unreasonably insisting on particular spots, but each party
conducting itself with justice and moderation. And any desecration
of said cemeteries by subjects of China shall be severely punished
according to law.
At the places of anchorage of Swedish and Norwegian vessels,
subjects of His Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, merchants,
seamen, or others, sojourning there, may pass and repass in the imme-
Excursions diate neighbourhood, but they shall not at their pleasure make excur-
iSs? '^^*°^'^ sions into the country among the villages at large, nor shall they repair
to public marts for the purpose of disposing of goods unlawfully, and
in fraud of the revenue.
And, in order to the preservation of the public peace, the local
officers of Government at each of the five ports shall, in concert with
the Consuls, define the limits beyond which it shall not be lawful for
subjects of His Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway to go.
Employment of Art. XVOI. — It shall be lawful for subjects of His Majesty the
purohassof Kmg of Sweden and Norway to employ scholars and people of any
books. pjjfj Qf China without distinction of persons, to teach any of the
languages of the Empire, and to assist in literary labours, and the
persons so employed shall not for that cause be subject to any injury
on the part either of the Government or of individuals, and it shall in
like manner be lawful for subjects of His Majesty the King of Sweden
and Norway to purchase all manner of books in China.
i^toHot i '^^ ^^^' "^^^* — ■^'^ subjects of His Majesty the King of Sweden and
r Injury- -^Qyyf^y jf, Qhina peaceably attending to their affairs, being placed on
a common footing of amity and goodwill with subjects of China, shall
receive and enjoy for themselves and everything appertaining to them,
the special protection of the local authorities of Government, who shall
defend them from all insult or injury of any sort on the part of the
Chinese. If their dwellings or property be threatened or attacked by
mobs, incendiaries, or other violent or lawless persons, the local officers,
on requisition of the Consul, will immediately dispatch a military force
to disperse the rioters, and will apprehend the guilty individuals, and
punish them with the utmost rigour of the law.
Re-eroortation Art. XX. — Subjects of His Majesty the King of Sweden and
import^.^Penaity Norway who may have imported merchandise into any of the free
in case of fraud, ports of China, and paid the duty thereon, if they desire to re-export
the same, in part or in whole, to any other of the said ports, shall be
entitled to make application through their Consul to the Superin-
tendent of Customs, who in order to prevent frauds on the revenue,
shall cause examination to be made by suitable officers, to see that the
duties paid on such goods as entered on the Custom-House books,
correspond with the representation made, and that the goods remain
with their original marks unchanged, and shall then make a
memorandum in the port clearance of the goods and the amount of
duties paid on the same, and deliver the same to the merchant, and
Shall also certify the facts to the officers of Customs of the other ports.
All which being done, on the arrival in the port of the vessel in which
the goods are laden, and everything been found on examination there
to correspond, she shall be permitted to break bulk and land the said
goods without being subject to the payment of any additional. duty
thereon. Sut if op such examination the Supferintendent of Customs
[ im ]
shall; detect any fraud on, thg revenue in the case, then, the goods shall
be subject to forfeiture and confiscation to the Chinese Government.
Art. XXI. — Subjects of China, who may be guilty of any criminal Procedure in
act towards Swedish or Norwegian subjects, shall be arrested and "™'"*^ '^'°''
punished by the Chinese authorities according to the laws of China;
and subjects of Sweden or Norway who may commit any crime in
China, shall be subject to be tried and punished only by the Consul
or other public functionary of Sweden or Norway thereto authorized,
according to the laws of his country. And, in order to the prevention
of all controversy and disaffection, justice shall be equitably and
impartially administered on both sides.
Art. XXII. — Relations of peace and amity being established by Neutraiityof
this Treaty between the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway Swedish and'
and the Chinese Empire, and the Swedish and Norwegian vessels to to?fJ^eotof
being admitted to trade freely to and from the five ports of China ^^f?™''-
open to foreign commerce, it is further agreed, that in case at any of'teelohor™
time hereafter China shall be at war with any foreign nation whatever, n^'^aiity.
and for that cause should exclude such nation from entering her ports,
still the vessels of the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway shall
not the less continue to pursue their commerce in freedom and
security, and to transport goods to and from the ports of the
belligerent parties, full respect being paid to neutrality of the flag of the
United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway, provided that the said flag
shall not protect vessels engaged in the transportation of officers and
soldiers in the enemy's service; nor shall said flag be fraudulently
used to enable the enemy's ships with their cargoes to enter the ports
of China; but all such vessels so offending shall be subject to forfeiture
and confiscation to the Chinese Government.
Art. XXIII. — The Consuls of Sweden and Norway that may be „ ^
appointed at each of the five ports open to foreign trade, shall make sMpping°tobe
annually to the respective Governors-General thereof a detailed report cons^uif
of the number of vessels belonging to the United Kingdom of Sweden
and Norway, which have entered and left said ports during the year
and of the amount and value imported and exported in such vessels for
transmission to, and inspection of, the Board of Revenue.
Art. XXIV. — If subjects of His Majesty the King of Sweden and „
TLT 1 -1 -.jj .. "-"ij Communication
Norway have special occasion to address any communication to the with Chinese
Chinese local officers of Government, they shall submit the same to cons°f' '^0*°!
their Consul or other person charged with affairs, to determine if the suits to be
language be proper and respectful, and the matter just and right, in co^Sy?
which event he shall transmit the same to the appropriate authorities
for their consideration and action in the premises. In like matter if
subjects of China have special occasion to address the Consul of the
United Kiiigdom of Sweden and Norway, they shall admit the com-
munication to the local authorities of their own Government to
determine if the language be respectful and proper, and the matter
just and right, in which case the said authorities will transmit the
same to the Consul, or other person charged with affairs, for his
consideration and action in the premises. And if controversies arise
between subjects of His Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway and
subjects of China which cannot be amicably settled otherwise the
same shall be examined and decided conformably to justice and equity
by the public officers of the two nations acting in conjunction.
Art, XXV.— All questions in regard to rights, whether of £° 'Je'ftfonf "
property or person, arising between subjects of His Majesty the King betweensubjeots
of Sweden and Norway in China, shall be subject to the jurisdiction Now»y!° *°*
t 134 ]
and regulated by the authorities of their own Government. And all
controversies occuring in China between subjects of Sweden and
Norway and the subjects of any other Government shall be regulated
by the Treaties existing between Sweden and Norway and such
Governments respectively, without any interference on the part of '
China.
No?^egia*n'^ Art. XXVI. — Swedish and Norwegian merchant vessels, lying in
vessels subject the Waters of the five ports of China open to foreign commerce, will
authoriMeloniy. be Under the jurisdiction of the officers of their own Government, who
Protection, but ^yith {^g masters and owners thereof will manage the same without
not indemmflca- , , /. ^i . -r-. ■ • • i i
tion, in case of Control on the part of Chma. For mjunes done to the citizens, or to
robbery' '^^ Commerce of Sweden and Norway by any foreign power, the
Chinese Government will not hold itself bound to make reparation.
But if Swedish and Norwegian merchant vessels, while within the
waters over which the Chinese Government exercises jurisdiction, be
plundered by robbers or pirates, then the Chinese local authorities,
civil and military, on receiving information thereof, will arrest the
said robbers or pirates, and punish them according to law, and will
cause all the property which can be recovered to be placed in the,
hands of the nearest Consul, or other officer of the United Kingdoms
of Sweden and Norway, to be by him restored to the true owner. But
if by reason of the extent of territory and numerous population of
China, it should in any case happen that the robbers cannot be
apprehended, or the property only in part recovered, then the law will
take its course in regard to the local authorities, but the Chinese
Government will not make indemnity for the goods lost.
Vessels wrecked Art. XXVIL— If any Swedish or Norwegian vessel shall be
or m distress. , , . , . •' r r^^ • i i i - i it
wrecked or stranaea on the coast ot Chma and be subjected to plunder
or other damage, the proper officers of Government, on receiving
information of the fact, will immediately adopt measures for their
relief and security, and the persons on board shall receive friendly
treatment and be enabled at once to repair to the most convenient of
the free ports, and shall enjoy all facilities for obtaining supplies of
provisions and- water. And if a vessel shall be forced, in whatever
way, to take refuge in any port other than one of the free ports, then
in like manner the persons on board shall receive friendly treatment
and the means of safety and security.
Vessels and ^^''^- XXVIIL— Subjects of His Majesty the King of Sweden and
property to be Norway, their vessels and property, shall not be subject to any
embargo?""" embargo ; nor shall they be seized or forcibly detained for any pretence
of the public service; but they shall be suffered to prosecute their
commerce in quiet, and without molestation or embarrassment.
Art. XXIX. — The local authorities of the Chinese Government
Extradition. will cause to be apprehended all mutineers or deserters from on board
si°5ects.°' Swedish and Norwegian vessels in China, and will deliver them up
Enforcement of to the Consuls or Other officers for punishment. And if criminals,
°^ '"^' subjects of China, take refuge in the houses or on board the vessels
belonging to subjects of His Majesty the King of Sweden and
Norway, they shall not be harboured or concealed, but shall be
delivered up to justice, on the requisition by the Chinese local officers
addressed to those of the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway.
The merchants, seamen, and other subjects of Sweden and
Norway, shall be under the superintendence of the appropriate officers
of their Government.
[ 135 1
If individuals of either nation commit acts of violence and
disorder, use arms to the injury of others, or create disturbances
endangering life, the ofificers of the Governments will exert themselves
to enforce order and to maintain the public peace by doing impartial
justice in the premises.
Art. XXX. — The superior authorities of Sweden aud Norway style of com-
and of China in corresponding together, shall do so in terms of™™'"*"™^-
equality, and in the form of mutual comrauncation (chou hwui). The
Consuls and local officers, civil and military, in corresponding together,
shall likewise employ the style and form of mutual communications
(chou hwui). When inferior officers of the one Government address
superior officers of the other, they shall do so in the style and form of
memorial (shin chin). Private individuals in addressing superior
officers, shall employ the style of petition (pin ching). In no case
shall any term or style be suffered which shall be offensive or
disrespectful to either party. And it is agreed that no presents, under
any pretext or form whatever, shall ever be demanded of Sweden and
Norway by China or of China by Sweden and Norway.
Art. XXXI. — Communications from the Government of Sweden Transmission of
and Norway to the Court of China shall be transmitted through the '^^^i'^*"''^^-
medium of the Imperial Commissioner charged with the superintend-
ence of the concerns of foreign nations with China, or through the
Governor-General of the Liang Kwang, that of Min and Cheh, or that
of the Liang Kwang.
Art. XXXII. — -Whenever ships of war of Sweden and Norway, in Facilities and
cruising for the protection of the commerce of the United Kingdoms, vessSof*™?.'^
shall arrive at any of the ports of China, the commanders of said ships
and the superior local authorities of Government shall hold intercourse
together in terms of equality and courtesy, in token of the friendly
relatiops of their respective nations. And the said ships of war shall
enjoy all suitable facilities on the part of the Chinese Government in
the purchase of provisions, procuring water, and making repairs, if .
occasion require.
Art. XXXIII. — Subjects of His Majesty the King of Sweden and clandestine
Norway who shall attempt to trade clandestinely with such of the S^opium'Tnl
ports of China as are not open to foreign commerce, or who shall contraband
trade in opium or any other contraband article of merchandise, shall ^oMWted?"
be subject to be dealt with by the Chinese Government without being
entitled to any countenance or protection from that of the United
Kingdoms ; and the Government of Sweden and Norway will take
measures to prevent their flag from being abused by the subjects of
other nations, as a cover for the violation of the laws of the Empire.
Art. XXXIV. — When the present Convention shall have been Revision of
definitely concluded, it shall be obligatory on both powers, and its f/SredlTtL
provisions shall not be altered without grave cause ; but, inasmuch as expiry of twelve
the circumstances of the several ports of China open to foreign com- '°"°
merce are different, experience may show that inconsiderable modifica-
tions are requisite in those parts which relate to commerce and
navigation, in which case the two Governments will, at the expiration
of twelve years from the date of said Convention, treat amicably
concerning the same by the means of suitable persons appointed to
conduct such negotiation.
In faith whereof, we, the respective Plenipotentiaries of the United
Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway and of the Ta Tsing Empire as
aforesaid, have signed and sealed these presents.
t m ]
2otiiMaroh,i847. Done at Canton the 20th, day of March, in, the year of our
Lord Jesus Christ one thousand eight hundred and forty-seven, and of
Tao Kwang the 27th year, 2nd month, and 4th day.
[L.S.] (Signed; C. F. LILJEWALCH.
[L.S.] (Signed) KI-YING (in Manchu).
t 13,7 ]
BEL&IUM.
ARRANGEMENT BETWEEN! BELGIUM AND CHINA, BY
LETTER FROM THE IMPERIAL COMMISSIONER
KE-YING TO THE CONSUL-GENERAL FOR BELGIUM
IN INDO-CHINA.
Dated at Canton, 25th July, i84_^.
Ke-ying, Imperial Commissioner, etc., elc, Governor-General of
the Two Kwang Provinces ; and Hwang, Governor of the Province of
Kwangtung ; made the following communication.
The application heretofore made by the Consul having been
submitted to the Emperor, His Majesty has signified his approval of
the same by the following rescript written with the vermilion Pencil: —
" The Kingdom of Belgium is permitted to trade with China." This
was communicated at the time to the Consul, as the records shew.
We now forward to the Consul a copy of each of the Treaties
concluded with other nations, together with a copy of the Customs'
tariff, in order that he may make the same known to the merchants
of his nationality, and to the end that all who may seek to engage in
trade in China may observe them scrupulously, and at the same time
enjoy their manifold advantages.
Three volumes of Treaties and one of Tariff enclosed.
To M. Lannoy,
Consnl-General for Belgium.
The 25th year of Tao Kwang, 6th moon, 20th day.
(Translated from the French translation by Call^ry, given in the
Archives Diplomatiques, Paris 1861, T. I., p. 319.)
t 138 ]
TREATY OF FRIENDSHIP, COMMERCE, AND NAVIGATION
BETWEEN BELGIUM AND CHINA.
Signed, in the French and Chinese Languages, at Peking, 2nd
November, 1863.
Ratifications exchanged at Shanghai, 2'/th October, 1866.
Sa Majesty le Roi des Beiges et Sa Majeste TErapereur de la
Chine, etant dgalenieiit animus du ddsir d'etablir sur des bases solides
les relations d'Amitie, de Commerce, et de Navigation entre la Belgique
et la Chine, comme aussi d'en regulariser I'existence, d'en favoriser le
developpement et d'en perpetuer la dur^e, ont r^solu de conclure un
Traits bas^ sur I'interet commun des deux pays et ont nommd a cet
effet pour leurs Pl^nipotentiaires, savoir:
Sa Majestd le Roi des Beiges, le sieur Auguste T'Kint, son
Envoy^ ad hoc en Mission Extraordinaire, OfiEcier de son Ordre de
Leopold, Grand Officier de I'Ordre Imperial de Guadalupe, Officier de
rOrdre Imperial de la Legion d'Honneur, Chevalier de I'Ordre du
Lion Nderlandais, etc. ;
Et Sa Majesty I'Erapereur de la Chine, Toung Siun, Haut
Commissaire Imperial de la dynastie Ta-Tsing, Membre du Ministfe're
des Affaires Etrangferes, Vice President du Conseil des Finances,
Surintendant de la Monnaie, Directeur Assistant de la Chronique
Imp^riale, etc.; et Chung How, Haut ("ommissaire Imperial de la
dynastie Ta-Tsing, Vice-President du Conseil de la Guerre, Lieuten-
ant-Gdn6ral de la Bannifere bord6e de rouge de Han-Chiin, Ministre
Surintendant du- Commerce de trois ports du Nord, etc.
Lesquels, aprfes s'etre communique leurs pleins pouvoirs, trouvds
en bonne et due forme, ont arretd les Articles qui suivent:
Art. I. — Same as French Treaty of Tientsin (Fr. Tn.), Art. i.
Art. II. — Same as British Treaty of Tientsin (Brit. Tn.), Art. 2.
Art. III. — L'agent diplomatique dument accredit^ par Sa Majeste
le Roi des Beiges aupres de Sa Majeste I'Empereur de la Chine, pourra
se rendre a. Pdkin aussi souvent qu'il sera n^cessaire pour I'accomplis-
sement d'affaires importantes.
L'Agent Diplomatique de Belgique jouira des privileges et
immunity que lui accorde le droit des gens; sa personne, sa famille,
sa maison, et sa correspondence seront inviolable.
II ne pourra pas etre restreint dans le choix ni dans I'emploi de ses
employes, courriers, inlerprfetes, serviteurs, etc., etc.
Toute personne coupable de manque de respect ou de violence
envers le reprdsentant de Sa Majeste ou envers quelque membre de sa
famille ou de la Legation Beige, soit en actions, soit en paroles, sera
sdverement puni par les autorit^s Chinoises.
Travel and ART. IV. — Same as Brit. Tn., Art. 4.
correspondence.
Transaction of ^RT. V. — Le repr^sentant de Sa Majesty le Roi des Beiges traitera
footing of toutes ses affaires avec les ministres de Sa Majesty I'Empereur de la
Chinese^'"' Chine, soit verbalement, soit par dcrit, sur le pied d'une parfaite
Ministers. egalite.
Plenipo-
tentiaries.
Aug. T'Kint.
Tung Sun.
Ch'ung How.
Reciprocity of
friendship and
protection.
Representatives.
Belgian
Diplomatic
Agent at Peking
shall enjoy all
privileges
accorded by
international
usage, may hire
servants, etc.,
and shall be
treated with
respect.
[ 139 ]
Art. VI.— Same as Brit. Tn., Art. 6. Wriieges of
Chinese
Ambassador,
Art. VII. — Same as clauses i and 2 of Brit. Tn., Art., 7; and -*^PPoi>itment of
further: • °°°™'^-
Lorsque le GouVernement Beige ne jugera pas ndcessaire de Belgium may
nommerun Consul dans iiaport ouvert au commerce, il pourra confier Suisof a
les fonctions consulaires Beiges dans ce port au Consul d'une puissance to act'on'^heT"
amie. behalf.™
Art. VIII. — Les communications officielles des Agents Diploma- Language of
tiques et Consulaires Beiges avec les autoritds Chinoises seront dcrites cmespondence-
en francais et seront accompagnees d'une traduction Chinoise. Les ^g^^^**^ ^^ '"''■^
communications officielles des autorites Chinoises avec les Agents
Diplomatiques et Consulaires Beiges seront dcrites en chinois. II est
expressement entendu que, en cas de dis^idence dans Tinterpretation
a donner au lexte frangais et au texte chinois, les autorites Beiges
aussi bien que les autoritds Chinoises prendront chacune leur propre
texte comme le texte exact.
Cette rdgle s'appliquera ^galement au present traite, dont la
traduction Chinoise a 6te soigneusement conform^ au texte original
frangais.
Art. IX.-Same as Fr. Tn., Art. 4. ' ^tos°Ld
correspondence.
Art. X. — Same as Fr. Tn., Art. 10. Land and
buildings.
Art. XI. — Les Beiges et leurs families pourront se transporter. Ports open to
s'dtablir et se livrer au commerce ou a I'industrie en toute s^curitd et ^^'s'*""-
sans entrave d'aucune espfece, dans les ports et villes de Canton,
Swatow, Amoy, Foochow, Ningpo, Shanghai — Nanking, Chinkiang,
Kiukiang et Hankow, sur le fleuve Yangtze, — Chefoo, Tientsin.
Niuchuang, — Tamsui et Taiwanfoo, dans I'ile de Formose, et Kiung-
chow dans File de Hainan.
Art. XII — Tout Beige qui, conformement aux stipulations de Belgians to have
I'Article precedent, arrivera dans I'un des ports ouverts au commerce bSud^houses'\™
e'tranger, pourra, quelle que soit la duree de son s^jour, y louer des buy land, and to
maisons et des magasins pour deposer ses marchandises, ou bien affermer chMches^eto'.^'
des terrains et y hater lui-meme des maisons et des magasins. Les ^^"*^ ''"^^ ''™'5-
Beiges pourront, de la m^me manifere, etablir des eglises, des hopitaux,
des hospices, des ecoles et des cimetiferes. Le cas echeant, I'antorite
locale, aprfes s'etre concertee avec le Consul, designera les quartiers les
plus convenables pour la residence des Beiges et les endroit dans
lesquels pourront avoir lieu les constructions precitees.
Le prix des loyers et des fermages sera librement ddbattu entre
les parties int^ressdes, etregl^, autant que faire se pourra, conformement
a la moyerine des prix locaux.
Les autorites Chinoises erapecheront leurs nationaux de surfaire
ou d'exiger des prix exorbitants, et le Consul veillera, de son cot^, a ce
que les Beiges n'usent d'aucune contrainte pour forcer le consentement
des proprietaires Chinois.
Art. XIII. — Same as Fr. Tn., Art. 11. Employment of
Chinese.
Art. XIV. — Same as Fr. Tn., Art. 12. ships and
property to be
inviolable.
Art. XV. — Same as Fr. Tn., Art 13, clauses i and 2. Christian
religion.
Art. XVI. — Same as Fr. Tn., Art. 35, Mode of settling
dispute.
t 1#» ]l
anthSica ^^"^^ ^^11. — Les autorit^s Chinoises accocderont toujours la plus
shall protect complete protection aux personnes et a la propri^t^ des sujets Beiges,
md^propMty "''' et particulierement lorsque ceux-ci seraient I'objet da quelque insulte
from insult and ou violence. Dans tous les cas d'incendie, de pillage, ou de destruction,
offender's to ""^ les autoritds locales prendront les mesures necessaires pour le recou-
justice. vrement des objets voids et enverront en toute hate la force armde
pour dissiper I'dmeute s'emparer des coupables et les livrer a toute la
severity des lois. Si les fonctionnaires comp6tents ndgligeaient d'arreter
les coupables, le Gouvernement Chinois leur imposerait la peine infligde
par les lois du pays.
Action in case Art. XVIII. — Si un sujftt Chinois ddbiteur d'un Beige manquait
debtorT"Neither a payer ses dettes ou s'dloignait frauduleusement, Tautoritd Chinoise sur
Government ]^ requete du cr&ncier ne neeligera aucun moyen pour arreter le fugitif
responsible for ^.-iiin. y j i.,.
individuaidebts. et coiitraindre le debiteur a payer sa dette.
De nieme les autorites Beiges feront tout leur possible pour obliger
les Beiges k acquitter leurs dettes envers les Chinois, et pour les faire
comparattre en justice, s'ils se sont eloignds frauduleusement. Mais en
aucune cas ni le Gouvernement Chinois ni le Gouvernement Beige ne
saumient etre rendus responsable des dettes k leurs sujets respectifs.
Belgian Art. XIX. — Les sujets Chinois qui se rendraient coupable d'une
Chtoapunished action criminelle envers un Beige seront arretds par les autorit6s
by Belgian Chinoises et punis suivant les lois de la Chine.
Consuls; Chmese .r.i ■ ,_^ • ^ ■ • l.
criminals by Les sujets Beiges qui commettraient un crime envers un sujet
authorities Chinois, seiont arretds a la diligence du Consul, et celui-ci prendra
toutes les mesures necessaires pour que les prdvenus soient livres a
Taction reguliere des lois Beiges, dans la forme et suivant les disposi-
tions qui seront ultdrieurement determinees par le Gouvernement
Beige.
II en sera de mSme dans toutes les circonstances non prdvues dans
la prdsente convention, le principle dtant que, pour la repression des
crimes et delits commis par eux en Chine, les Beiges seront constam-
nient regis par les lois Beiges.
Le Gouvernement Chinois veillera de son cote a la repression des
crimes et ddlits commis par des Chinois envers des Beiges.
La justice sera rendue equitableraent et impartialement de part et
d'autre.
Settlement of Art. XX. — Les Beiges en Chine ddpendront egalement pour
B'eFg^ans, an™" toutes les difficultds ou les contestations qui pourraient s'dlever entre
between ^^^^ ^jg \^ iuridiction Belee. En cas de difficultds survenues entre
Belgians and ^J F , ,^, . . . ^ , ^
other foreigners. Belgcs et etrangers Tautorite Chinoise n aura point a s en meter.
vessei^visiting Art. XXI. — -Lss naviies de commerce Beiges pourront visiter les
other than ports et viUes ouverts au commerce etranger et circuler librement de
or smuggling, I'un a I'autre avec leurs marchandises. Mais il leur est defendu de
^™™*i?.*'™'' visiter d'autres ports ou de faire uu commerce clandestine sur la cote,
conOscated. SOUS peine de confiscation des navires et des marchandises engages
dans ces operations. Cette confiscation aura lieu au profit du Gou-
vernement Chinois, qui devra cependant, avant que la saisie et la
confiscation soient Idgalement prononcdes, en donner avis au Consul
Beige du port le plus voisin.
Engagement of art. XXII.— Same as Brit. Tn., Art. 35.
pilots. ' "^ -^
Vessels to be Art. XXIII. — Same as Brit. Tn., Art. 31.
watched.
Keportto Art. XXIV. — Same as Fr. Tn., Art, 17, and as Brit. Tn., Art.
maSt;et^c!^'°37 and 38, except that "dollars" are substituted, as in the French
Treaty, for " taels " in the amount of fine prescribed.
[ Ul ]
Tonnage Duos
Art. XXV. — Same as Brit. Tn., Art. 30. when payable.
Art. XXVI. — Tout navire Beige entre dans I'un des ports Duty on part of
ou verts au commerce dtranger, et que voudra n'y d^charger qu'une discharged^'*
partie de son cargaison, ne paiera les droits de douane que pour la
partie debarqude. II pourra transporter le reste de sa cargaison dans
un autre poit, I'y vendre et y acquitter les droits.
Art. XXVII.— Same as Brit. Tn., Art. 40. tamhipped
without special
pennit will be
Art. XXVIII. — Same as Brit. Tn., Art. 39. couiiscated.
' ^-' Goods shipped
Art. XXIX.— Same as Fr. Tn., Art. i8, omitting the words or landed
.1 ■ , , ,■ ,.„.-,,,, • T^i • . ,1 without permits
"et par consequent .... des dites n lieges" after "lautorite Chinoise ; win be
and adding at the end : En cas de fraude dans les dites alleges les ™"flscated.
marchandises que Ton aura voulu frauder seront possibles de no monopoly or
confiscation. restrictions as
to cargo-boats
Art. XXX.— ist clause same as Brit. Tn., Art. 24 /and clause ^'JJ^g^^^S of
same as Brit. Tn., Art. 42; ^rd clause same as Brit. Tn., Art. 47 : merchandise if
^. , T> •.. T^ 1 f o J smuggled by
4th clause same as Brit. Tn., 44. cai^o'boats.
Art. XXXI. — ist clause same as Brit. Tn., Art. 25, with following i^tiesprescribed
addition : — by Tarllf. Mode.
of fixing value of
Lorsque les droits de tonnage et de douane dus par le batiment goods, tare, and
et la cargaison auront t\.€ int^gralemeut acquittfe, le chef de la douane difficulties.^
d61ivrera une quittance generate, sur I'exhibition de laquelle I'Agent
Consulaire rendra ses papiers de bord au capitaine et lui permettra de
mettre a la voile.
Art. XXXII. — Tout batiment de commerce Beige jaugeant plus ExportduMes
de 150 tonneaux payera les droits de tonnage a raison de 4 maces par when payable.
tonneau, ettout navire jaugeant 150 tonneaux et moins payera a raison hS' of Tonnage
d'un mace par tonneaux. dues. Certificates
Lors du payment du droit pr^citd, le chef de la douane delivrera therefrom! Boats
au capitaine ou au consignataire un certificat sur I'exhibition duquel semjra^orduty
aux autoritds douanieres de tout autre port Chinois ou il conviendrait free articles
au capitaine de se rendre, on ne lui demandera plus de droits de xonnagedues.
tcnnage durant quatre mois a partir de la date de la quittance gdndrale
mention^e a I'Art. XXXI.
Sont exemptds des droits de tonnage les embarcations employees
par les Beiges au transport de passagers, bagages, lettres, comestibles
et de tous objets non sujets aux droits. Si les dites embarcations
transportaient en outre des marchandises sujettes aux droits, elles
resteraient dans la catdgorie des navires jaugeant moins de cent
cinquante tonneaux et payeraient tous les quatre mois un droit de
tonnage d'un mace par tonneau.
Art. XXXIII. — Les Beiges qui voudront exp^dier des prod uits Commutation of
de I'interieur de la Chine a I'un de ses ports ou des marchandises
d'iraportation d'un port vers un marchd de I'interieur, auront le choix
d'en acquitter les droits de transit par un seul payement, perdue de
la maniere prescrite par le reglement VII du tarif annexe au present
traitd.
" Le montant de ce droit unique sera de la moiti6 des droits fixds transit duly to
par le tarif, a. I'exception des merchandises libres a I'entrde et 'k la Tari»dnty,
sortie, dont le droit de transit s'elevera a deux et demi pour cent ad "^'f^'i '" caseof
valorem, confortn^ment aux reglement II du tarif joint au present
traite
r 142 ]
II est particulierement entendu q"ue le payment des droits de
transit n'affectera en rien les droits d'entrde et de sortie du tarif, qui
seront perc^ues en entifere et separement.
Coast Trade. Art. XXXIV. — Les navires Belges pourront transporter des pro-
cxportTmay be ^uits Chinois de I'un a I'autre des ports ouverts au commerce Stranger
imported at en payant au port d'embarquement les droits de sortie fix6s par le tarif
porurpayment ^t a celui de d^barquement les droits de cabotage qui seront de la
of half tarifl moitid des dits droits de sortie. Si des produits Chinois apres avoir ete
duty. If re- \ t i v . t r i
exported to transportes d un port a un autre, sont reexportes pour le commerce
drawback"^''" *^® cabotage en dedans un terme de douze mois, ils recevront un
certificate to be certificat de drawback pour les droits de cabotage et ne paieront plus
granted. j^^ (j^oits de sortie. Mais ils paieront de nouveau au port de d6bar-
quement les droits de cabotage Equivalent a la moitie des droits de
sortie.
Ee-exportation Art. XXXV. — -Dans le cas ou des ndgociants Beiges apres avoir
Drawback' acquittE dans un port Chinois les droits sur des marchandises iraport^es
certificates to be voudraient les reexporter, ils en prdviendraient le chef de la douane
amount o7 ^S" ^6 faire constater par celui-ci TideiititE de la marchandise et
import duty. I'integritE des colis. Si en comparant les marchandises avec la decla-
ration on ddcouvrait de la fraude, les marchandises passees en fraude,
seraient passibles de confiscation.
La verification ayant eu lieu ndgociant Beige en r^exportant les
marchandises Etrangeres pour un pays Stranger ou pour un port Chinois,
recevra du chef de la douane un certificat de drawback Equivalent au
montant des droits deja payes sur ces marchandises.
Coast trade Si des produits Chinois sont rdexportds pour un port Etranger en
issued within dedans les douze mois, le nEgociant ou le capitaine Beige aura droit ^
after7m'"orta'^ "" certificat de drawback pour les droits de cabotage payes sur les
tion. meraes produits.
Les certificats de drawback seront regus par la douane du port
qui les a dElivres pour leur valeur entifere comme de I'argent comptant
en payement de tons droits d'entrEes ou de sortie.
Re-exportation Les cErEales dtrangeres apportEes par un navire Beige dans un
port de la Chine pourront, si aucune partie n'en a 6tE dEbarquEe, etre
rEexportEes sans aucune entrave.
Weights and
measures. Art. XXXVI. — Same as Brit. Tn., Art. 34.
Medium and Art. XXXVII. — Le chef de la douane dEsignera une ou plusieurs
^yments. " ^ maisons de change qui seront autorisEes a recevoir les droits dus pour
le compte du gouvernment. Les recepissEs de ces maisons de change
seront reputes delivrEs par le Gouvernement Chinois.
Des payements pourront d'operer en lingots ou en monnaies
etrangeres, dont le rapport avec I'argent sycE sera determine, suivant
les circonstances, de commun accord entre I'agent consulaire Beige et
le chef de la douane.
Aship smuggling Art. XXXVIII. — Si. contre toute attente, un navire Beige s'oc-
biddenfr°om cupait de contrebande, les marchandises quelque soient leur valeur et
JSf*''" *™J'"B- leur nature, seront saisies par les autoritEs Chi noises et I'entrEe de la
The goods to be ^^, . .^ . .. ^ i a . *.
confiscated. Chine pourra etre interdite au batiment, qui sera contraint de partir
^ aussitot aprfes I'apuration de ses comptes.
Means to prevent ^ ^ ^
smuggling, Art. XXXIX. — Same as Brit. Tn., Art. 46.
confiscations Art. XL. — Same as Brit. Tn., Art., 49.
Belgian ships of ^RT. XLL— Same as Brit. Tn., Art. 5 2, with following addition;
et les bitiments seront exempts de toute espece d'impots.
[ 143 ]
Art. XLII. — Si un navire de commerce Beige, 6tant contraint ?«isian vessels
. J . 1 , , ° ,. ■, in distress may
par suite davaries oii par d autres causes de chercher refuge dans un enter any port of
port, il pourra entrer dans tout port Chinois sans exception, sans etre payment*of°"'
suiet au pavement des droits de tonnage. De meme il n'y aura point Tonnage or
J J ■<. 1 J ^ -1 1 I 1- i-i \ 1 J Customs dues.
de droit de douane a acquitter sur les marchandises qu'il aura a bord, vessels wrecked
pourvu que celles-ci ni soient dechargees qu'a cause de la reparation "^^l^™**"^*"
du navire et qu'elles restent sous la surveillance du chef de !a douane. assistance.
Si un tel navire venait a ^chouer ou k se perdre, les autorit^s
Ciiinoises prendraient sur-le-champ des mesures pour le sauvetage de
I'equipage et la preservation du navire et de sa cargaison. L'dquipage
sauvd sera bien traits et, en cas de besoin pourvu de moyens pour
arriver a la station consulaire la plus proche.
Art. XLIII.— Same as Fr. Tn., Art. 32.
Mutual
extradition.
2nd Nov., 1865.
. ___ ,^^ „ T^ ,-„ . Piracy and
Art. XLIV. — Same as Fr. Tn., Art. 34. rbbbery.
Belgians to have
ART. XLV.-Same as Fr. Tn„ Art. 9. SoX°n'st
tariff.
Art. XLVI. — Same as Fr. Tn., Art. 40, dovcn to "ratifications." Eeinsionof
The remainder, same as Brit. Tn., Art. 27. and^Tari^^'''^
Art. XLVII. — Les ratifications du present 'I'raitd d'Amitid, de ^^hangs "f
Commerce, et de Navigation respectivemeni signdes par Sa Majesty le shanghai!"^*
Roi des Beiges et par Sa Majesty I'Empereur de la Chine seront
^chang^es a Shanghai, dans le d^lai d'un an ou plus tot si /aire se
pent.
En foi de quoi les Plenipotentiaires respectifs I'ont signe et y ont
apposd leur sceaux.
Fait en quatre expeditions a P^kin, le 2 Novembre, 1865.
"L.S.] (Signe) AUGUSTE T'KINT.
L.S.J (Signd; TOUNG SIUN.
L.S.J (Signe) CHUNG HOW.
Le Plenipotentiaire de Belgique et ceux de I'Empire Chinois qui
ont signe aujourd'hui un Traits d'Amitie, de Commerce, et de Navi-
gation entre les deux pays, sont convenu du Tarif des droits d'entrde
et des droits sortie qui suit, et des reglements commerciaux qui le
terminent, conime annexe et complement au dit Traits.
En consequence, ce tarif et ces reglements auront la meme force
et valeur que s'ils ^talent insures mot a mot dans le Traitd.
[Here follows the Tariff and Tariff Rules, the same as appended to
the British Treaty of Tientsin, vi^ith the modifications made therein in
1862.]
X i^^i ]
DEl^MARK.
TREATY OF AMITY, COMMERCE, AND NAVIGATION
BETWEEN DENMARK AND CHINA.,
Plenipoten-
tiaries.
Mr. R. von
Raasloff.
Hang Ki.
Ch'ung How.
Signed, in the English and Chinese Languages^ at Tientsin^ 13th July,
1863.
Ratifications exchanged at Shanghai, 2gth luly, 1864.
Amity and
mutual protec-
tion.
Diplomatic
Representatives.
Diplomatic
pnvileges.
His Majesty the King of Denmark, and His Majesty the Emperor
of China, being alike desirous lo place upon a sohd basis and to secure
for all time to come, the friendly relations between their respective
countries, have resolved to enter into a Treaty or General Convention
of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation, the stipulations of which shall
in future be mutually observed in the intercourse between the two
High Contracting Parties, and have for that purpose named and
appointed as their Plenipotentiaries, that is to say :
His Majesty the King of Denmark, Waldemar Rudolph von
Raasloff, His Envoy adhoc'\w Extraordinary Mission, His Lieutenant-
Colonel, Charg^ d' Affaires and Consul-General to the United States of
America, Knight of the Royal Order of Dannebrog, decorated with
the Cross of Honour of the same Order, Knight of the Imperial
French Order of the Legion of Honour, etc., etc., etc. ;
And His Majesty the Emperor of China, Hang Ki, High Imperial
Commissioner of the Ta Tsing Dynasty, Senior Vice-President of the
Board of Works, member of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and of the
Board of Rites, etc., etc., and Chung How, High Imperial Commissioner
of the Ta Tsing Dynasty, Minister Superintendent of Trade at the
three Northern Ports, and Superintendent of Customs at Tientsin and
other Ports, etc., etc., etc. ;
Who, after having communicated to each other their respective
full powers, and found them to be in good and due form, have agreed
upon the following Articles : —
Art. I. — There shall be, as there has always been, peace and
friendship between His Majesty the King of Denmark and His
Majesty the Emperor of China ; and their respective subjects shall
equally enjoy, in the dominions of the High Contracting Parties, full
and entire protection for their persons and property.
Art. II. — Same as Brit. Tn., Art. 2.
Art. III. — His Majesty the Emperor of China hereby agrees that
the Diplomatic Agent, so appointed by His Majesty the King of
Denmark, may visit Peking as often as necessary for the transaction
of important business.
His Majesty's Representative shall enjoy all the privileges and
immunities which belong to his office under the law of nations ; he
shall be at liberty to choose his own servants and attendants, who
shall not be subject to any kind of molestation whatever,
[ 145 1
Any person guilty of disrespect or violence to His Majesty's
Representative, or to any tnennher of his family or establishment, in
deed or word, shall be severely punished by the Chinese authorities.
Art. IV.— Same as Brit. Tn, Art. 4. " ^^olfm^!^""
Art. V. — It is agreed that the Representative of His Majesty the Transaction of
King of Denmark shall transact all business with Ministers of His ''^^"^'
Majesty the Emperor of China, whether personally or in writing, on
terms of perfect equality. cwnese Diplo-
matic Agent In
Art. VI. — Same as Brit. Tn., Art. 6. Denmark.
Art. VII.— Same as Brit, Tn., Art. 7, with following addition : Consuls.
The Danish Government may, whenever it does not deem it
necessary to appoint a Consul at an open port, entrust the Consul of a
friendly Power with the duties of Danish Consul at that port.
Art. VIII. — Danish subjects who profess or teach the Christian christian
Religion shall be entitled to the protection of the Chinese authorities ; ^^"sion.
nor shall any such persons, peaceably pursuing their calling, and not
offending against the law, be persecuted or interfered with.
Art. IX.— Same as Brit. Tn., Art. 9. t^rlX"'"
Art. X. — The form of correspondence between the Danish and official corre-
Chinese authorities will be regulated by their respective rank and ^5™*™°°'
position, based upon complete reciprocity. Between the authorities of
both nations, being of equal rank, such correspondence will take the
form of Despatch or Communication (chao-hwei).
Consuls or other authorities of Denmark inferior to Consuls, will,
in addressing the heads of Provincial Government, employ the form of
Exposition (sMn ch'en), and the latter in addressing the former, will
employ the form of Declaration (cha-hing). Merchants, and all other
subjects of either nation, not invested with an official character, will
adopt, in addressing the authorities of the other nation, the form of
Representation (pin).
Art. XI. — It is agreed that Danish merchant-vessels may frequent porta open .to
all the following Ports, namely: Canton, Swatow, Amoy, Foochow, '°*"'^'' ''^*^-
Ningpo, Shanghai, — Nanking, Chinkiang, Kiukiang, and Hankow, on
the River Yangtsze, — Chefoo, Tientsin, Newchwang, — Tamsui, and
Taiwanfoo, on the Island of Formosa, and Kiungchow on the Island
of Hainan.
Danish subjects are permitted to carry on trade at those ports
with whomsoever they please, and to proceed to and fro at their
pleasure with their vessels and merchandise; to build or rent houses,
lease land therein, and to build churches, hospitals, and cemeteries.
Art. XII.— Same as Brit. Tn., Art. 12. buudings.
Art. XIII. — Same as Brit. Tn., Art. 13. Employment oj
Art. XIV.— Same as Brit. Tn., Art. 14. pSge? boats
and coolies.
Art. XV. — All questions in regard to rights, whether of property jujigaiction of
or person, arising between Danish subjects, shall be subject to the Danish author-
jurisdiction of the Danish authorities; and all controversies, occurring {,^1^5'°°'"'
in China between subjects of Deninark and the subjects of any other
foreign power, shall be regulated by the Treaties existing between
Denmark and such powers, respectively, without interference on the
part of China. But if, in such controversies, Chinese subjects be
parties involved, the Chinese authority shall be assessor in all proceed-
[ 146 ]
ings; as in the cases provided for by Articles XVI and XVII of this
Treaty.
Jurisdiction in Art. XVI. — Chinese subjects who may be guilty of any criminal
Cnminai cases. ^^^ towards -Danish subjects, shall be arrested and punished by the
Chinese authorities according to the laws of China.
Danish subjects, who may be guilty of any criminal act towards
Chinese subjects, shall be arrested and punished by the Danish
authorities, according to the laws of their country, and in the form
and manner to be hereafter prescribed by the Danish Government.
The Chinese Government will on its part similarly control Chinese
subjects.
Justice shall be equitably and impartially administered on both
sides.
Mode of settling
ween Danisii and Art. XVII. — Same as Brit. Tn., Art. 17.
Chinese subjects.
Chinese author- Art. XVIII. — ^Same as Brit. Tn., Art. 18, with following
ities shall pro- addition :
tect persons and x^ -r . 1 • 1 1 . - 1 n /- -i i
property of But if the authority whose charge it is shall fail to arrest those
from°^8uiti°ai5d guilty of the above acts, all that can be required of the Chinese
bring offenders Government is that it shall punish the said authority accordins; to the
to justice. laws of China.
Action in the Art. XIX. — Same as Brit. Tn., Art. 19, with following addition :
atteoking"™**^ But if the authority whose charge it is shall fail to seize the
Danish ships in guilty parties and recover the stolen property, all that can be required
of the Chinese Government is that it shall punish the said authority
according to the laws of China; it is to not indemnify the persons
robbed.
Wreck or strand- ART. XX. — Same as Brit, Tn., Art. 20.
tag. '
Extradition. ART. XXI.— Same as Brit. Tn., Art. 21.
Action in case of
debtors. Neither Art. XXII. — Same as Brit. Tn., Art. 22, with following addition ;
respoMMe tor ^ut On either side is Government to indemnify the creditor.
Individual debts.
Rate of duties. Art. XXIII.— Same as Brit. Tn., Art. 24.
So/duS Art. XXIV.-Same as Brit. Tn., Art. 25.
Tariff. Art. XXV. — Danish merchants, importing or exporting mer-
chandise to or from a Chinese port, shall pay duty thereon according to
the Tariff appended to this Treaty.
BevisionofTariff Art. XXVI. — Same as Brit. Tn., Art. 27, except that the first
trttcieT"*"''*' period for revision is fixed "at the end of June, 1868."
Transit duties, A^^' -^^^II- — I* shall be at the option of any Danish subject,
commutation.' desiring to convey produce purchased inland to a port, or to convey
imports from a port to an inland market, to clear his goods of all
transit-dues, by payment of a single charge, levied in the manner
prescribed in Rule VII of the Commercial Articles appended to this
Treaty.
The amount of that single charge shall be one-half of the tariff,
duties, except in the case of the duty-free goods, liable to a transit-
duty of two-and-a-half per cent, ad valorem, as provided by Rule II of
the Commercial Articles appended to this Treaty.
It is distinctly understood, that the payment of transit-duties, by
conjmunicatioa or otherwise, shall in no way effect the tariff-duties on
[ 147 ]
imports or exports, which will continue to be levied separately and in
full.
Tonnage Dues ;
Art. XXVIII. — Same as Brit. Tn., Art. 29. exemption.
Tonnage Dues
payable by ships
Art. XXIX.— Same as Brit. Tn,, Art. 30. noSrS"*'
Boats conveying
passsngers or
Art. XXX. — Same as Brit. Tn., Art. 31. dutyfree articles
exempt from
Tonnage Dues.
Art. XXXI. — Same as Brit. Tn., Art. 32. Beacons,
lightships, etc..
Art. XXXII. — Duties shall be paid to the bankers authorised by Medium and
the Chinese Government to receive the same in its behalf, in sycee or ment of luMes,
in foreign money, the latter being received from Danish merchants at
the same rate of exchange as from other merchants, and in no case at
another or a higher rate.
Art. XXXIII. — Sets of standard weights and measures, prepared weights and
according to the standard issued to the Canton Custom-house by the Measures.
Board of Revenue, shall be delivered by the Superintendent of Customs
to the Consul at each port. To secure uniformity and prevent confu-
sion, it is distinctly understood, that the equivalent of the above
weights and measures is that laid down in Rule IV of the Commercial
Articles appended to this Treaty.
Art. XXXIV.— Same as Brit. Tn., Art. 35. Mots.
Art. XXXV.— Same as Brit. Tn., Art. 36. wS'ld."""
Ship's papers
Art. XXXVI.— Same as Brit. Tn,, Art. 37, customs!'""
Penalty for
Art. XXXVII.— Same as Brit. Tn,, Art. 38. discharging
"Without permits.
Goods shipped or
Art. XXXVIII.— Same as Brit. Tn., Art. 39. landed without
' ^ ^ permits to be
confiscated.
Art. XXXIX. — Same as Brit. Tn., Art. 40. siSpped'^^thout
special permit to
be confiscated.
Art. XL. — When all dues and duties shall have been paid, the ^°''' clearance
-,--, 111. r-.i °^ payment of
Superintendent of Customs shall give a Port clearance. dues.
Mode of fixing
Art. XLI. — Same as Bnt. Tn., Art. 42. value of goods.
, Mode of settling
Art. XLII — Same as Bnt. Tn., Art. 43. tare.
Art. XLIII. — Same as Brit. Tn., Art. 44. damaged goods.
Art. XLIV. — Chinese produce may be carried coastwise in Haw-diity.°
Danish vessels from one open port to another on paying tariff-duty at
the port of shipment, and coast-trade-duty (the amount of which shall
be one-half of the tariff-duty) at the port of discharge. Chinese
produce brought in from another port, if re-exported coastwise within
twelve months, will be entitled to a drawback-certificate for the half-
duty paid, and no export duty will be charged on shipment ; but the
half-tariff-duty or coast-trade-duty, will again be charged at the port of
discharge.
Art. XLV. — Danish merchants who may have imported mer- gjaw?"^^"'*'""'
chandise into any of the open ports, and paid the duty thereon, if certificates,
they desire to re-export the same, shall be entitled to make application of^fowipi grata.
[ U9 ]
Measures to pre-
vent smuggling.
Ships trading
elsewhere than
at the open
ports, subject
with their cargo
to confiscation.
Ships smuggling
may be pro-
hibited from
trading, and
the goods
confiscated.
Penalties and
confiscations.
Language of
official corre-
spondence.
English text of
present Treaty
to be held
as correct.
to the Superintendent of Customs for permissioo to do so, who, in
order to prevent fraud on the revenue, shall cause examination to be
made by suitable officers, to see that the duties paid on such goods,
as entered in the Custom-house books, correspond with the represent-
ation made, and that the goods remain - with their original marks
unchanged. If, on such examination, the Superintendent of Customs
shall detect any fraud on the revenue in the case, then the goods shall
be subject to confiscation by the Chinese Government.' Having
complied with these conditions, the Danish merchant shall, on
re-exporting foreign merchandise to a foreign country, or to another
Chinese port, be entitled to a drawback-certificate for the amount of
import duty paid thereon. On re-exporting Chinese produce, within
twelve months, to a foreign country, the Danish merchant shall be
entitled to a drawback-certificate for the coast-trade-duty paid thereon.
Drawback-certificates shall be valid tenders to the Customs, in
payment of import or export duties, at the port at which they have
been issued.
Foreign grain, brought into any port of China in a Danish ship,
if no part thereof has been landed, may be re-exported without
hindrance.
Art. XLVI.— Same as Brit. Tn., Art. 46.
Use of "I"
(Barbarian) to be
discontinued.
Danish ships of
War.
Suppression of
piracy.
Most favoured
nation
privileges.
Exchange of
Eatiflcations at
Shanghai or
Tientsin,
13th July, 1863.
Art. XLVII.— Same as Brit. Tn., Art. 47.
Art. XLVIII.— Same as Brit. Tn., Art. 48.
Art. XLIX.— Same as Brit. Tn., Art. 49.
Art. L. — All official communications, addressed by Diplomatic
and Consular Agents of His Majesty the King, to the Chinese authori-
ties, shall be written in English. They will, for the present be
accompanied by a Chinese version ; but it is understood, that in the
event of there being any difference of meaning between the English
and the Chinese text, the Danish Government will hold the sense as
expressed in the English text to be the correct sense. This provision
applies also to the present Treaty, copies of which, both in the English
and the Chinese languages, will be signed and sealed by the Plenipo-
tentiaries of the two High Contracting Parties.
Art. LI. — Same as Brit. Tn., Art. 51.
Art. LII. — Same as Brit. Tn., Art. 52.
Art. LIII. — Same as Brit. Tn., Art. 53.
Art. LIV. — Same as Brit. Tn., Art. 54.
Art. LV. — The ratifications of this Treaty, under the hands of
His Majesty the King of Denmark, and His Majesty the Emperor of
China, respectively, shall be exchanged at Shanghai or Tientsin within
a year from this day of signature.
In token whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed and
sealed this Treaty.
Done at Tientsin this thirteenth day of July, in the year of our
Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three,
{ - i4d ]
To the foregoing Treaty are appended — istly, a Tariff of Duties,
and 2ndly, Rules in connection with the Tariff, all of which are
identical with those appended to the British Treaty of Tientsin, with
the following exceptions: —
a. —In the Tariff, the words "except from Tangchow and
Newchwang" after "Beans and Peas" and "Beancake," are expunged.
b. — In the Rules, para. 4 of Rule 5 (relating to the export of Pulse
from Tangchow and Newchwang) is omitted, in pursuance of the
agreement arrived at on this subject between the British Minister and
the Chinese Government in 1862. Para. 5 of the British text becomes
para. 4.
c. — Rule 9 of the British text (relating to abolition of the Meltage
fee) is omitted, and the following is substituted for Rule 10 in the
British text:
Rule 9. — Collection of Duties under one system at every Port.
It being, by Treaty, at the option of the Chinese Government to
adopt what means appear to it best suited to protect its revenue
accruing on Danish trade, it is agreed that one uniform system shall be
enforced at every port.
The Chinese Government will adopt what measures it shall find
requisite to prevent smuggling upon the Yangtsze-kiang, when that
river shall be opened to trade.
Done at Tientsin, this thirteenth day of July, in the year of our
Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-thsee.
[L.S.] (Signed) W. R. RAASLOFF.
[L.S.] (Signed) CHINESE PLENIPOTENTIARIES.
[ 150 •]
[Translated from the Dutch.]
HOLLAND.
TREATY BETWEEN THE NETHERLANDS AND CHINA.
Signed at Tientsin, in the Dutch and Chinese Languages, 6th October,
1863.
Plenipo'
tentiariea.
Van der
Hoeven, Hr.
Ch'ung How.
Diplomatic
Representative
and Consular
Officers.
Diplomatic
privileges and
relations.
His Majesty the King of the Netherlands and His Majesty the
Emperor of (ihina, being desirous of confirming and extending the
amicable relations which for centuries past have existed between tlie
two countries, have for that purpose named as their Plenipotentiaries,
that is to say:
His Majesty the King of the Netherlands, Heer J. des Amorie
van der Hoeven, special plenipotentiary of His Majesty the King of
the Netherlands to China;
And His Majesty the Emperor of China, Ch'ung How, Vice-
President of the Board of War, Minister Plenipotentiary Commissioner
for the commercial affairs of the three northern ports, Lieutenant-
General of the Chinese Red Banner force. Superintendent of Customs
at Tientsin ;
Who, after having exhibited to each other their respective full
powers, and found them to be in good and due form, have concluded
the following agreement ;
Art. I. — His Majesty the King of the Netherlands may appoint
an Ambassador, Minister or other Diplomatic Agent to be His Majesty's
representative at the Court of China and to superintend the national
interests; and further may appoint Consuls, Vice-Consuls or Consular
Agents for the Government and protection of His Majesty's subjects
at the different ports opened to trade in the Empire of China. The
appointment of such Consular functionaries shall be duly reported to
the respective Imperial Commissioners superintending foreign trade
in the different provinces, who shall give notice to the local authorities
of each port, in order that they may recognize the functionaries so
appointed.
His Netherlands' Majesty's representative at the Court of His
Majesty the Emperor of China shall be entitled to proceed to the
Imperial capital, for the settlement of affairs of State, without any
interference on the part of the Chinese Government, and at his own
expense whether going or returning.
All Netherlands' Government functionaries in China shall have
full liberty to travel through the Chinese Empire, under protection of
the Chinese Government against insult or hindrance of any kind. They
shall never be called upon to perform any ceremonial of respect,
derogatory to their dignity as representatives of an independent nation.
In transacting affairs of State, His Netherlands' Majesty's
representative at the Chinese Court, shall communicate verbally or in
writing with the Imperial Ministers on a footing of equality. Consuls
[ isi i
or Agents in charge shall rank with Intendants of Circuit ; and Vice-
Consuls or Agents in charge with Prefects, and shall accordingly hold
intercourse, verbally or in writing, under equal forms of courtesy.
Art. II. — The ports opened to Netherlands' trade in the Empire ports open to
of China, are the following, viz., Canton, Swatow, Amoy, Foochow, xradT'^Sfght
Ningpo, Shanghai, Tientsin, Chefoo, Newchwang, Taiwan, and Tamsui of residence.
(Formosa), and Kiung-chow (Hainan). Netherlands' subjects have Sfderectioifof'
entire liberty to come and go there with their vessels and merchandise, buildings, etc.
and enjoy there the full right of residence, renting and letting land and
buildings, building residences and stores, churches, hospitals, cemeteries,
etc., etc. The rents to be charged shall be established equitably and
without any exaction.
At the river ports, Hankow, Kiukiang and Chinkiang, Netherlands' River Ports.
subjects shall also enjoy the personal and commercial privileges above
described, subject to the general rules of control framed by the Chinese
Government with respect to foreign trade on the Yangtszekiang ; but Rebels or
the places occupied at present by rebels or robbers shall not be robbers,
frequented by them nor be provided with ammunition or stores by
their vessels; the penalty for infraction of which rule is confiscation of
ship and cargo with delivery of the persons implicated to the nearest
Netherlands' Consulate.
Art. III. — Netherlands' subjects shall have the right to travel Travel and trade
through the interior of China, either for their amusement or for purposes ^ interior.
of trade. If intending to travel for their pleasure, they must provide "^^°' ^'
themselves with a passport issued by the Netherlands' Consulate at the
port of departure, and vised by the local authorities there, which
document shall be exhibited to the Chinese authorities of all places
through which they pass. Such travellers shall be everywhere permitted
to hire for themselves the necessary means of transport, without
hindrance. Should a Netherlands' subject be found travelling without
the required passport, or during his travel commit any oifence against
the law, he shall be arrested and delivered up to the nearest Netherlands'
Consulate for punishment, but he may not be subjected to ill-usage on
the way. For short excursions from the open ports to a distance not
exceeding loo //(about 30 English miles) and for periods not exceeding
five days, no passport is required. The latter provision, however, shall
not apply to crews of ships.
Netherlands' subjects travelling in the interior to trade or to Restrictions on
convey merchandise, shall conform themselves to the general rules trade in interior,
established on this subject. They shall not be at liberty to open houses
of business or shops in the interior.
Art. IV. — Netherlands' Missionaries of the Christian religion christian
intent upon the peaceful propagation of the gospel in the interior of Religion.
China, shall enjoy the protection of the Chinese authorities. Natives
wishing to embrace Christian tenets shall not be hindered or molested
in any way, so long as they commit no offence against the laws.
Art. V. — No obstacle whatever shall be offered by the Chinese Employment
authorities against Netherlands' subjects engaging the services of Chinese, boats,
Chinese for any lawful purpose. Netherlands' subjects are at liberty
everywhere to hire boats or other means of transport for passengers or
goods by mutual agreement, without any intervention on the part of
the Chinese authorities being requisite. No limit or monopoly shall
be established as to the number or character of the boats or coolies
to be so engaged or the wages to be paid. But should such means
of transport be used to evade the payment of duty the offenders will
be punished.
[ 152 ]
Jurisdiction in
Civil cases.
Jurisdiction in
Criminal cases.
Extradition.
Recovery of
Debts.
Protection to
persons and
property.
Protection in
case of piracy
and shipwreck.
Tonnage dues.
Exemptions
from Tonnage
dues.
Art. VI. — All disputes arising between Netherlands' subjects
shall he referred to the Netherlands' Consul without interference of
the Chinese authorities. In case of disputes between Netherlands'
subjects and Chinese, the authorities of their nation shall endeavour
to persuade the contending parties to come to an amicable settlement,
but if they do not succeed, the respective authorities shall consult
together and decide according to law. Chinese found guilty of any
criminal offence against Netherlands' subjects, shall be taken before
their own authroities for punishment; and on the same principle, all
Netherlands' subjects who commit crimes against Chinese, shall be
judged by the Netherlands' authorities, according to their own laws;
on both sides judgment will be given with rigour and impartiality.
Netherlands' delinquents who take refuge in the interior, or
Chinese delinquents taking refuge in the houses or ships belonging to
Netherlands' subjects, shall after ofificial requisition being made, and
after mutual cognizance of the case being taken, be delivered up
without delay to their respective lawful judges ; they shall not be
harboured or concealed.
If any Chinese subject, failing to discharge debts incurred to a
Netherlands' subject, should abscond, and the Chinese authorities find
means to trace the fraudulent debtor, he shall be arrested and pros-
ecuted for the money. Reciprocally all Netherlands' subjects, who
may abscond on account of debts incurred to Chinese, shall, if possible,
be proceeded against by the Netherlands' authorities. But neither of
the two governments shall be held answerable for the recovery of such
debts.
Art. VII. — The Chinese Government engages at all times to
protect the persons and property of Netherlands' subjects, and in
cases of assault or robbery, to take forthwith the necessary steps for
tracing and recovering the stolen property, and for bringing the
offenders to justice.
Should any Netherlands' vessel, whilst in Chinese waters, be
plundered by pirates, the Chinese authorities will do all they can to
punish the offenders and recqjjgr their booty to be returned to the
lawful owner through the .agency of the nearest Netherlands' Con-
sulate. But they shall not be held answerable for such recovery.
If any Netherlands' vessel should suffer shipwreck on the coast of
China, or be compelled to take refuge in any harbour in the Chinese
Empire, the Chinese authorities will devise measures to save and
protect the persons and property endangered, and if necessary provide
them with the means to reach the nearest Netherlands' Consulate.
Art. VIIL— Netherlands' merchant-vessels, measuring more than
150 English tons or 86 Netherlands' lasts capacity, have to pay in
Chinese ports, four mace per measured English ton for tonnage dues.
If not measuring more than 150 English tons, the tonnage dues will
not be more than one mace per measured English ton.
Any Netherlands' merchant-vessel, on her clearance from a
Chinese port with destination elsewhere, shall on the master's ap-
plication be entitled to a special Custom-house certificate, on exhibition
of which such vessel shall be exempted from all further payment of
tonnage dues in any Chinese port, for a period of four months, com-
mencing from the date of her clearance.
Should a Netherlands' merchant-vessel within 48 hours after her
arrival in any Chinese port, be again cleared outward, without having
discharged or loaded there, no tonnage dues shall be required. After
expiration of the term above-named, however, tonnage dues shall be
[ 153 ]
leviable even if the hatches at that time should not yet have been
opened ; but no other dues or charges shall in such case be levied.
If a vessel should through stress of weather, or damage sustained, be
compelled to run into one of the open ports, then the above rule shall
not be applied, but the vessel is exempt frojn tonnage dues there;
unless her stay in such port be availed of for discharging or loading
merchandise, in which case the full tonHage dues are to be levied.
No tonnage dues shall be payable on boats employed by Nether- „ „ , .
lands' subjects in the conveyance of passengers, baggage, letters or subject to ^
other articles not subject to duty. All cargo boats, however, employed t^'^^s" <5"«s-
to convey merchandise subject to duty, shall pay toxinage dues once
in four months at the rate of one mace per measured English ton.
Art. IX. — Within twenty-four hours after arrival of a Nether- °nd mTnifesv"^''
land's merchant-vessel, the ship's papers, manifest, etc. shall be lodged penalty for
in the hands of the Consul, who will within a further period of twenty- d^'^y. «*"•
four hours report to the Superintendent of Customs her name, tonnage,
and the nature of her cargo. If, through neglect on the part of the
master, this report be not made within forty-eight hours after arrival
of the ship, he shall be held liable to a fine of 50 taels for every day's
delay; the total penalty, however, not to exceed 200 taels. The
master will also be held responsible for the correctness of the manifest,
which shall contain a true and full account of the cargo on board.
For causing a false manifest to be presented, he will subject himself
to a fine of 500 taels; but he will be allowed to correct within 24
hours after its delivery to the Custom-house officers, any mistake he
may discover in his manifest, thereby avoiding the above penalty.
After receiving the Consular report above alluded to, the Superin-,*^"*'°™' p"™''
tendent of Customs shall giafit the vessel a permit to open the hatches.
If the master open the hatches and begin to discharge without such
permit, he shall incur a penalty of 500 taels, and the goods taken
whilst so being discharged shall be confiscated.
When all dues and duties on ship and cargo shall have been paid, ^^^ clearance,
the Superintendent of Customs shall grant a port clearance, on
exhibition of which the Consul shall return the ship's papers, so that
she may leave the port.
In the absence of a Netherlands' Consul or other functionary pj,g^gijyj,^ j^^
lawfully in charge, the master shall place himself in direct relation absence of a ^
with the Custom-house authorities, to comply with the rules comprised consuL™*^^'
in this article.
Art. X. — Netherlands' subjects shall pay upon all merchandise Transit Duties,
imported, exported or forwarded in transitu the duties prescribed by
the existing tariff of import, export, and transit-duties; but in no case
shall they be called upon to pay more than what is required from the '
subjects of any other foreign power.
All import-duties are due at the time of shipping the goods, whilst j^i^^fai
the transit-duty, on forwarding goods through the interior, has to be payment of
paid on receipt of the permit given by the Custom-house to that effect. ^"''°^'
No transhipment of goods shall take place from, one vessel in Transhipment.
port to another without a Customs' permit, on penalty of confiscation
of the goods taken whilst being so transhipped.
No goods shall be discharged or loaded on board Netherlands' pennits
ships otherwise than under a Customs' permit ; goods unaccompanied
by a permit beiufj likewise liable to confiscation.
Netherlands' merchants, having imported goods into any Chinese Ee.emortatiou
port under payment of duty, who wish to re-export the samfe goods to coastwise
another Chinese port, shall submit them to an inspection by the
[ 154 ]
Drawback
Certificates,
Re-exportation
to a foreign
country.
Foreign grain.
Method of
determining
rate for levy of
duty.
Ad valorem
duty.
Damaged goods.
Provisions for
protection of
revenue.
Resort to non-
Treaty ports
prohibited.
Penalty for
smuggling.
Customs' officers. On the identity of the goods, with those already
described in the Customs' books, being established, such merchants
shall be entitled to a drawback-certificate, stating the amount of import-
duty previously paid on the goods, which certificate shall be a valid
tender in payment of duty at the same Custom-house. The goods so
re-exported are again liable to pay import-duty at the other Chinese
port to which tliey are forwarcjpd. But if on examination any inten-
tional fraud on the revenue shall be detected, then such goods shall be
subject to confiscation.
When goods on which the import-duty has been paid are required
to be re-exported to a foreign country, a similar drawback-certificate
will be obtainable at the local Custom-hous# in the same way, available
as a valid tender in payment of duty to that Custom-house.
Foreign grain, brought by Netherlands' vessels into a Chinese
port, the discharge of which has not yet commenced, may be re-exported
without hindrance. But if landed entirely or in part, the cargo shall
not be re-exported otherwise than to a Chinese port, according to the
tariflf rules.
Art. XI. — Duties on goods shall be charged upon the net weight,
making deduction for the actual tare. If a dispute should arise
between the Custom-house officers and the merchant respecting the
deduction to be made for tare, both parties shall jointly examine and
fix the real tare. In other similar cases of disagreement, but which
do not admit of adjustment by ocular demonstration, the Netherlands'
merchant may appeal within 24 hours to his Consul, who will enter
into consultation with the Superintendent of Customs for an equitable
arrangement, pending which arrangement the Custom-house officers
will postpone the insertion in their books of the amount to be charged.
With respect to articles subject, according to tariff to an ad
valorem duty, if the Netherlands' merchant cannot agree with the
Chinese officer in affixing a value, then each party shall call two or
three merchants to look at the goods, and the highest price at which
any of those merchants would be willing to purchase them, shall be
assumed as their value.
In case of goods being found damaged, the duty will be reduced
in proportion to their consequent loss in value, and disagreement on
this head shall be adjusted in the same manner as above pointed out
in reference to ad valorem duties.
Art. XII. — At each of the Chinese ports opened to foreign trade
the Chinese authorities shall adopt the means they may judge most
proper to prevent the revenue suffering from fraud or smuggling.
Netherlands' merchant-vessels are prohibited to report to any
Chinese ports other than those declared open by this Treaty, under
penalty of confiscation of ship and cargo. But this penalty shall not
apply in case a Netherlands' vessel should take refuge in an unopened
port of China, through necessity or imminent danger of the sea ; in
such case the Chinese authorities will take measures to protect her
and enable her to proceed on her way; watching at the same time
against her being unlawfully employed in any trade whilst in their port
of refuge, which is prohibited under penalty of confiscation of ship and
cargo.
If it should be manifest on examination, that a Netherlands'
vessel has been engaged in smuggling, the goods, whatever the value
or nature, shall be subject to confiscation, and besides such vessel
may be considered as having forfeited henceforth the privileges
ensured by this Treaty.
[ 155 ]
All penalties enforced, or confiscations made under this Treaty,
shall be appropriated to the Government of China.
Art. XIII. — Netherlands' ship-of-war, resorting to China for no Vessels of war.
hostile purpose, or engaged in pursuit of pirates, shall be at liberty to
visit all ports belonging to the Chinese Empire, there to procure
provisions or water, or, if required, for the making of repairs. The
commanders of such ships shall hold intercourse with the Chinese
authorities on terms of equality and mutual courtesy.
Art. XIV.-^AU official communications, addressed by the repre- Dutch and
sentative or Consular functionaries of His Majesty the King of the ??eaty to to' °'
Netherlands to the Chinese authorities, shall be written in Dutch, ^PPs^'l^^to on
accompanied by a Chinese translation ; with this understanding, how-
ever, that in the event of a disagreement arising as to the interpretation
to be given to any expression used, the Netherlands as well as the
Chinese authorities, shall each consider their own text as the document
by which the true meaning of each has to be tested.
The same applies to the present Treaty, the Chinese version of
which has been carefully collated with the original Dutch.
Art. XV. — All rights, privileges or immunities, not included in Most favoured
this Treaty, that may have been or may be hereafter granted to other ™''°° clause.
foreign nations by the Chinese Government, shall be fully participated
in by the Netherlands' Government and its subjects.
Art. XVI. — Within a year after the date of signature of the Ratifications to
present Treaty, its ratification shall take place, on which occasion the '^^ ^'"=hanged.
two high contracting powers shall each delegate a Minister to exchange
the ratified Treaties, either at Tientsin or at Canton.
In token of the above we the respective Plenipotentiary Delegates
have personally signed and sealed this Treaty.
Done at Tientsin this sixth day of October in the year of our 6th Oct., 1863.
Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three ; corresponding with
the Chinese date, the twenty-fourth day of the eighth moon of the
second year of Tong Tsjiel
[L.S.] (Signed) J. des AMORIE van der HOEVEN.
[L.S.] (Signed) CHUNG HOW.
Separate Article forming part of the Treaty concluded between
the Netherlands and China, at Tientsin, the 6th Octoljer, 1863.
It is agreed that on each occasion of a revision of the tariff of Revision.
duties on foreign merchandise in the Chinese Empire, which may or
shall hereafter occur in conformity with the Treaties concluded
between China and other Foreign Powers, the Netherlands' Govern-
ment shall have the right to participate in the negociations to take
place to that effect; for which reason, therefore, no special term of
revision ot the said tariff has been agreed upon in the present Treaty
between the Netherlands and China.
In token whereof we the respective Plenipotentiary Delegates
have personally signed and sealed this separate Article appended to
the Treaty.
Done at Tientsin, etc. (ut supra.)
[ 166 ]
PORTUGAL.
TREATY OF FRIENDSHIP, COMMERCE, AND
NAVIGATION BETWEEN THE KING OF PORTUGAL AND
THE EMPEROR OF CHINA.
Signed, in the Portuguese and Chi?iese Languages, at Tientsin,
jjth August, 1862.
Ratification refused by the Chinese Government.
Treaty of 1862. This agreement, negotiated between llie Minister Plenipotentiary
of Portugal, Isidoro Francisco Guimaraes, and Hang Ki, High Imperial
Commissioner of the Ta Tsing Dj'nasty, Member of the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs, etc., etc., and Chung How, Privy Councellor, Minister
of the Board of Rites, etc., etc., was comprised in fifty-four articles, to
which a tariffof duties, etc., was appended. The Protocol, etc., of 1887,
printed below, supersedes the instrument, of which it reproduces all the
essential features.
PROTOCOL, TREATY, CONVENTION, AND AGREEMENT
BETWEEN PORTUGAL AND CHINA.
Protocol.
Protocol.
Art. ist. — A Treaty of friendship and commerce with the most
favoured nation clause will be concluded and signed at Peking.
Art. 2nd. — China confirms perpetual occupation and government
of Macao and its dependencies by Portugal, as any other Portuguese
possession. T^, ^. '
Art. 3rd. — Portugal engages never to alienate Macao and its
dependencies without agreement with China.
Art. 4th. — Portugal engages to co-operate in opium revenue work
at Macao in the same way as England in Hongkong.
Done at Lisbon, the 26th March, 1887.
HENRIQUE DE BARROS GOMES.
JAMES DUNCAN CAMPBELL.
[ 167 ]
The Treaty.
(Ratifications Exchanged at Peking 28th April, 18S8.)
His Most Faithful Majesty the King of Portugal and the Algarves,
and His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China, desiring to ,dra\v
closer and to consolidate the ties of friendship which have subsisted for
more than three hundred yeais between Portugal and China, and having
agreed in Lisbon on the 26th day of March, 1887, 2nd day of 3rd moon
of the 13th year of the reign of Emperor Kvvang-sii, through their
representatives, on a 'Potocol of four Articles, hive now resolved to
conclude a Treaty of Amity and Commerce to regulate the relations
between the two States ; for this end they have appointed as their Pienipo-
Plenipotentiaries, that is to say :— tentiaries.
His Most Faithful Majesty the King of Portugal and the Algarves, Thomas de
Thomas de Souza Roza, His Envoy Extraordinary and Minister ^°"'='' !""=*■
Plenipotentiary in special mission to tlie Court of Peking, Knight of
the Order of Nossa Senhora de Concei9ao de Villa Vi§osa, Grand
Cross of the Order of the Rising Sun of Japan and of the Crown of
Siam, Commander of the Order of Charles III. and of Isabella the
Catholic of Spain, and Knight of the Iron Crown of Austria;
His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China, His Highness Prince Prince ch'ing,
Ch'ing, President of the Tsung-li Yamen, and Sun, Minister of the ^™-
Tsung-li Yamen and Senior Vice-President of the Board of Public
Works ;
Who after having communicated to each other their respective full
powers and found them to be in good and due form, have agreed upon
the following Articles : —
Ai^T. I. — There shall continue to exist constant peace and amity Amity and
between His Most Faithful Majesty the King of Portugal and the protection.
Algarves and His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China, whose
respective subjects shall equally enjoy in the dominions of the High
Contracting Parties the most complete and decided protection for their
persons and property.
Art. II. — China confirms in its entirety the second article of the Occupation of
Protocol of Lisbon, relating to the perpetual occupation and government
of Macao by Portugal.
It is stipulated that Commissioners appointed by both Governments
shall proceed to the delimitation of the boundaries, which shall be
determined by a special convention ; but so long as the delimitation of S'^^'^j'^''™
the boundaries is not concluded, everything in respect to them shall
continue as at present, without addition, diminution, or alteiation by
either of the parties.
Art. III. — Portugal confirms, in its entirety, the third article of Portugal not to
the Protocol of Lisbon, relating to the engagement never to alienate ""^"^ ^
Macao without previous agreement with China.
Art. IV. — -Portugal agrees to co-operate with China in the collection opium duty
of duties on opium exported from Macao into China ports, in the same ™"«<:''on moiis-
way, and as long as England co-operates with China in the collection
of duties on opium exported from Hongkong into Chinese ports.
The basis of this co-operation will be established by a convention
appended to this treaty, which shall be as valid and binding to both the
High Contracting Parties as the present treaty.
[ 158 ]
Appointment of
IiQnisters,
residence, etc.
Diplomatic
privileges.
Language of
Correspondence.
Modes of
address.
Consuls.
Portugal to
en^oy same
privileges, etc.,
as other nations,
limitations.
Art. v.— His Most Faithful Majesty the King of Portugal and the
Algarves may appoint an Ambassador, Minister, or other diipomatic
agent to the Court of His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China, and
this agent, as well as the persons of his suite and their families, will be
permitted, at the option of the Portuguese Government, to reside
permanently in Peking, to visit that Court, or to reside at any other
place where such residence is equally accorded to the diplomatic
repre'sentative of other nations. The Chinese Government may also, if it
thinks fit, appoint an Ambassador, Minister, or other diplomatic agent to
reside at Lisbon, or to visit that Court when his Government shall order.
Art. VI.-^The diplomatic agents of Portugal and China shall
reciprocally enjoy in the place of their residence all the prerogatives and
immunities accorded by the laws of nations : their persons, families, and
houses, as well as their correspondence shall be inviolate.
Art. Vn. — The official correspondence addressed by Portuguese
authorities to the Chinese authorities shall be written in the Portuguese
language accompanied by a translation in Chinese, and each nation
shall regard as authoritative the document written in its own language.
Art. Vni. — The form of correspondence between the Portuguese
and the Chinese authorities will be regulated by their respective rank
and position, based upon complete reciprocity. Between the high
Portuguese and Chinese functionaries at the capital or elsewhere, such
correspondence will take the form of dispatch (Chau-hoei) ; between the
subordinate functionaries of Portugal and the chief authorities of the
provinces, the former shall make use of the form of exposition (Xen-chen)
and the latter that of declaration (Cha-hsing) ; and the subordinate
officers of both nations shall correspond together on terms of perfect
equality. Merchants and generally all others who are not invested with
an official character shall adopt, in addressing the authorities, the form
of representation or petition (Pin-ching).
Art. IX. — His Most Faithful Majesty the King of Portugal and
the Algarves may appoint Consul-General, Consuls, Vice-Consuls, or
Consular agents in the ports or other places where it is allowed to
other nations to have them. These functionaries will have powers and
attributes similar to those of the Consuls of other nations, and will
enjoy all the exemptions, privileges, an-l immunities which at any time
the consular functionaries of the most favoured nations may enjoy.
The Consuls and the local author! ties will show to each other recipro-
cal civilities and correspond with each other on terms of perfect equality.
The Consuls and acting Consuls will rank with Taotais, Vice-
Consuls, acting Vice-Consuls, Consular agents and interpreters,
translators, with Prefects. The Consuls must be officials of the
Portuguese Government and not merchants. The Chinese Government
will make no objection in case the Portuguese Government should
deem it unnecessary to appoint an official Consul at any port and
choose to entrust a Consul of some other nations, for the time being,
with the duties of Portuguese Consul at that port.
Art. X. — All the immunities and privileges, as well as all the
advantages concerning commerce and navigation, such as any reduction
in the duties of navigation, importation, exportation, transit or any other,
which may have been or may be hereafter granted by China to any
other State or to its subjects will be immediately extended to Portugal
and its subjects. If any concession is granted by the Chinese Govern-
ment to any foreign Government under special conditions, Portugal, on
claiming the same concession for herself and for her own subjects, will
equally assent to the conditions attached to it.
[ 159 1
Art, XI. — Portuguese subjects are allowed to reside at, or frequent, Trade at open
the ports of China open to foreign commerce and there carry on ^"'^'
trade or employ themselves freely. Their boats may navigate
without hindrance between the ports open to foreign commerce,
and they may import and export their merchandise, enjoying all
the rights and privileges enjoyed by the subjects of the most favoured
nation.
Art. XII. — Portuguese subjects shall pay import and export Rates of duty to
duties on all merchandise according to the rates specified in the tariff ^^ '*^'^''-
of 1858, adopted for all the other nations; and in no instance shall
higher duties be exacted from them than those paid by the subjects of
any other foreign nation.
Art. XIII. — Portuguese subjects are permitted to hire any descrip-
tion of boats they may require for the conveyance of cargo or passengers,
and the price of said hire will be fixed by the contracting parties alone,
without interference of the Chinese Government. No limit shall be
put to the number of boats, neither will it be permitted to any one to
establish a monopoly of such boats or of the service of coolies employed
in the carriage of merchandise.
Should contraband articles be on board any such boats, the guilty
parties shall immediately be punished according to law.
Art. XIV. — Portuguese subjects lesiding in the open ports may Chine.'ie .subjects
take into their service Chinese subjects, and employ them in any lawful ^pioyed^'''
capacity in China, without restraint or hindrance from the Chinese
Government; but shall not engage them for foreign countries in
contravention of the laws of China.
Art. XV. — The Chinese authorities are bound to grant the fullest Persons and
protection to the persons and to the property of Portuguese subjects in proteoted'" ^
China, whenever they may be exposed to insult or wrong. In case of
robbery or incendiarism, the local authorities will immediately take the
necessary measures to recover the stolen property, to terminate the
disorder, to seize the guilty, and punish them according to the law.
Similar protection will be given by Portuguese authorities to Chinese
subjects in the possession of Portugal.
Art. XVI.— Whenever a Portuguese subject intends to build or Rent and
open houses, shops or warehouses, churches, hospitals, or cemeteries, property °^
at the Treaty ports, or at other places, the purchase, rent, or lease
of these properties shall be made out according to the current terms of
the place, with equity, without exaction on either side, without offending
against the usages of the people, and after due notice given by the
proprietors to the local authority. It is understood, however, that the
shops or warehouses above mentioned shall only be allowed at the interiomotopen
ports open to trade, and not in any place in the interior. " ^*"° ™^"
Art. XVII. — Portuguese subjects conveying merchandise between inter-port trade,
open ports shall be required to take certificates from the Superintendent
of the Custom-house, such as are specified in the regulations in force
with reference to other nationalities.
But Portuguese subjects, who, without carrying merchandise, would Passports for
like to go to the interior of China, must have passports issued by their '°'''"'**™™''
Consuls and countersigned by the local authorities. The bearer of the
passport must produce the same when demanded, and the passport not
being irregular, he will be allowed to proceed and no opposition shall
be offered, especially to his hiring persoris or vessels for the carriage of
his baggage or merchandise.
[ 160 J
If he be without a passport, or if he commits any offence against
the law, he shall be handed over to the nearest Consul of Portugal to
be punished, but he must not be subjected to an oppressive measure.
No passport need be applied for by persons going on excursions from
the ports open to trade to a distiince not exceeding loo // arjd for a
period not exceeding five days.
The provisions of this article do not apply to crews of ships, for
Ihe due restraint of whom regulations will be drawn up by the Consul
and the local authorities.
Art. XVIII. — In the event of a Portuguese merchant vessel being
plundered by pirates or thieves within Chinese waters, the Chinese
authorities are to employ their utmost exertions to seize and punish the
said robbers and to recover the stolen goods, which, through the Consul,
shall be lestored to whom they belong.
Art. XIX. — If a Portuguese vessel be shipwrecked on the coast
of China, or be compelled to take refuge in any of the ports of the
Empire, the Chinese authorities, on receiving notice of the fact, shall
provide the necessary protection, affording prompt assistance and kind
treatment to the crews and, if necessary, furnishing them the means to
reach the nearest Consulate.
Art. XX. — Portuguese merchant vessels of more than one hundred
and fifty tons burden will pay tonnage dues at the rate of four mace
per ton; if of one hundred and fifty tons and under they shall be
charged at the rate of one mace per ton. The Superintendent of
Customs shall grant a certificate declaring that the tonnage dues have
been paid.
Art. XXI. — Import duties shall be paid on the landing of goods;
and export duties upon the shipment of the same.
Art. XXII. — The captain of a Portuguese ship may, when he
on cargo landed, jeems convenient, land only a part of his cargo at one of the open
ports, paying the duties due on the portion landed, the duties on the
remainder not being payable until they are landed at some other port.
Art. XXIII. — The master of a Portuguese ship has the option,
within forty-eight hours of his arrival at any of the open ports of China,
but not later, to decide whether he will leave port without opening the
hatches, and in such case he will not have to pay tonnage dues. He
is bound, however, to give notice of his arrival for the legal registering
as soon as he comes into port, under penalty of being fined in case of
non-compliance within the term of two days.
The ship will be subject to tonnage dues forty-eight hours after her
arrival in port, but neither then nor at her departure shall any other
impost whatsoever be exacted.
Art. XXIV. — All small vessels employed by Portuguese subjects
in carrying passengers, baggage, letters, provisions or any other cargo
which is free of duty, between the open ports of China, shall be free
from tonnage dues; but all such vessels carrying merchandise'subject
to duty shall pay tonnage dues every four months at the rate of one
mace per ton.
Art. XXV. — Portuguese merchant vessels approaching any of the
open ports will be at liberty to take a pilot to reach the harbour ; and
likewise to take a pilot to leave it, in case the said ship shall have paid
all the duties due by her.
togwdTeS" Art. XXVI,— Whenever a Portuguese merchant ship shall arrive
in port. at any of the open ports of China, the Superintendent of Customs will
send off one or more Custom-house ofificers, who may stay on board of
their bpat or on board of the ship as best suits their convenience.
Piracy; local
authorities to
assist.
Shipwreck ;
authorities to
assist.
Tonnage Dues,
rate of. -
Duties, when
payable.
Duty to be paid
Tonnage Dues
payable 48 hours
after arrival or
on working
cargo.
Cargo boats to
pay dues if car-
rying dutiable
cargo.
Pilots
ment permitted.
[ 161 [
These officers will get their food and all necessaries from the Custom-
house, and will not be allowed to accept any fee from the captain of
the ship or from the consignee, being liable to a penalty proportionate
to the amount received by them.
Art. XXVII. — Twenty-four hours after the arrival of a Portuguese Manifest how to
merchant ship at any of the open ports, the papers of the ship, manifest, tonon-presenta-
and other documents, shall be handed over to the Consul, whose duty tion or error,
it will be also to report to the Superintendent of Customs -within
twenty-four hours, the name, the registered tonnage, and the cargo
brought by the said vessel. If, through negligence or for any other
motive, this stipulation be not complied with within forty-eight hours
after the arrival of the ship, the captain shall be subject to a fine of fifty
taels for each day's delay over and above that period, but the total
amount of the fine shall not exceed two hundred taels.
The captain of the ship is responsible for the correctness of the
manifest, in which the cargo shall be minutely and truthfully described,
subject to a fine of five hundred taels as penalty in case the manifest
should be found incorrect' This fine, however, will not be incurred if,
within twenty-four hours after the delivery of the manifest to the Custom-
house officers, the captain expressed the wish to rectify any error which
may have been discovered in the said manifest.
Art. XXVIII. — The Superintendent of Customs will permit the Discha^ge^of
discharging of the ship as soon as he shall have received from the permit— fine.
Consul the report drawn in due form. If the captain of the ship should
take upon himself to commence discharging without permission, he
shall be fined five hundred taels, and the goods so discharged shall be
confiscated.
Art. XXIX. — Portuguese merchants having goods to ship or to Permit to ship
land will have to obtain a special permission from the Superintendent of required."^"
Customs to that effect, without which all goods shipped or landed shall
be liable to confiscation.
Art. XXX. — No transhipment of goods is allowed from ship to Permit for
ship without special permission, under penalty of confiscation of all the '^"^ 'pm™ ■
goods so transhipped.
Art. XXXI. — When a ship shall have paid all her duties, the Clearance
Superintendent of Customs will grant her a certificate and the Consul "^^ ' °* °'
will return the papers, in order that she may proceed on her voyage.
Art. XXXII. — When any doubt may arise as to the value of ^^J"^}°J.^"^
goods which by the tariff are liable to a.n ad va /or em duty, and the on value how'"
Portuguese merchant disagrees with the Custom-house officers as regards =«'*!«''•
the value of said goods, both parties will call two or three merchants to
examine them, and the highest offer made by any of the said merchants
to buy the goods will be considered as their just value.
Art.'XXXIII. — Duties will be paid on the net weight of every Tare : mode of
kind of merchandise. Should there be any difference of opinion s^*'""*!-
between the Portuguese merchant and the Custom-house officer as to
the mode by which the tare is to be fixed, each party will choose a
certain number of boxes or bales from among every hundred packages
of the goods in question, taking the gross weight of said packages, then
the tare of each of the packages separately, and the average tare
resulting therefrom will be adopted for the whole parcel.
In case of any doubt or dispute not mentioned herein, the
Portuguese merchant may appeal to the Consul, who will refer the case
to the Superiritendent of Customs ; this officer will act in such a .manner
as to settle the question amicably. The appeal, however, will only be
entertained if rnade within the term of twenty-four hours; and in suol)
[ 162 ]
a case, no entry is to be made in the Custom-house books in relation
to the said goods until the question shall have been settled.
Damaged goods: Art. XXXIV. — Damaged goods will pay a reduced duty propor-
reduced u y. ^j^^^^j^ ^^ ^.j^^;^ deterioration ; any doubt on this point will be solved in
the way indicated in the clause of this Treaty with respect to duties
payable on merchandise ad valorem.
Ee-Exportof Art. XXXV. — Any Portuguese merchant who, having imported
duty paid goods, fg^gigj, goods into one of the open ports of China and paid the proper
duties thereon, may wish to re-export them to another of the said ports,
will have to send to the Superintendent of Customs an account of them,
who, to avoid fraud, will direct his officers to examine whether or not
the duties have been paid, whether the same have been entered on the
books of the Customs, whether they retain their original marks, and
whether the entries agree with the account sent in. Should everything
be found correct, the same will be stated in the export permit together
with the total amount of duties paid, and all these particulars will be
communicated to the Custom-house officers at other ports.
Upon arrival of the ship at the port to which the goods are carried,
permission will be granted to land without any new payment of duties
whatsoever if, upon examination, they are found to be the identical
goods ; but if during the examination any fraud be detected, the goods
may be confiscated by the Chinese Government.
Drawbacks. Should any Portuguese merchant wish to re-export to a foreign
country any goods imported, and upon which duties have been already
paid, he will have to make his application in the same form as required
for the re-exportation of goods to another port in China, in which case
a certificate of drawback or of restitution of duties will be granted,
which will be accepted by any of the Chinese Custom-houses in payment
of import or export duties.
Foreign cereals. Foreign cereals imported by Portuguese ships into the ports of
China may be re-exported without hindrance, if no portion of them has
been discharged.
Prevention of Art. XXXVI. — -The Chinese authorities will adopt at the ports
smuggling. the measures which they may deem the most convenient to avoid fraud
or smuggling.
Proceeds of fines Art. XXXVII. — The proceeds of fines and confiscations inflicted
chSi"ese°Govern- °" Portuguese subjects, in conformity to this Treaty, shall belong
ment. exclusively to the Chinese Government.
Inland transit, Art. XXXVIII. — Portuguese subjects carrying goods to a market
same'as for other in the interior of the country, on which the lawful import duties have
nations. already been paid at any of the open ports, or those who buy native
produce in interior to bring to the ports on the Yang.tze-kiang, or to
send to foreign ports, shall follow the regulations adopted towards the
other nations.
Custom-house officers who do not comply with the regulations, or
who may exact more duties than are due, shall be punished according
to the Chinese law.
Buoja, etc. ART. XXXIX. — The Consuls and local authorities shall consult
together, when necessary, as to the construction of light-houses and
the placing of buoys and light-ships.
Duties J how to Art. XI. — Duties shall be paid to the bankers authorized by the
be.paid. Chinese Government to receive them in sycee or in foreign coin,
according to the official assay made at Canton on the isth July, 1843.
[ 163 ]
Art. XLL — In order to secure the regularity of weights and stemiMd of
measures to avoid confusion, the. Superintendent of Customs will ™^^jg*°*
hand over to the Portuguese Consul at each of the open ports standards
similar to those given by the Treasury Department for collection of
public dues to the Customs at Canton.
Art. XLII. — Portuguese merchant ships may resort only to those Trade at open
ports of China which are declared open to commerce. It is forbidden ai'i?4eT'^
to them, except in the case ol force majeure provided for in Article XIX,
to enter into other ports, or to carry on a clandestine trade on the
coast of China, and the transgressor of this order shall be subject to
confiscation of his ship and cargo by the Chinese Government.
Art. XLIII. — ^All Portuguese vessels despatched from one of the Tonnage Dues,
open ports of China to another, or to Macao, are entitled to a certificate of eve]^ 4 months.
theCustoms-house, which will exemptthem frompaying newtonnage dues
during the period of four months reckoned from the date of clearance.
Art. XLIV. — If any Portuguese merchant ship is found smuggling, SmuggUng:
the goods smuggled, no matter of what nature or value, will be subject fiacated°ship°""
to confiscation by the Chinese authorities, who may send the ships debarred from
away from the port, after settlement of all her accounts, and prohibit "^^ ™^'
her to continue to trade.
Art. XLV. — As regards the delivery of Portuguese and Chinese Criminals,
criminals, with the exception of the Chinese criminals who take refuge Extradition.
in Macao, and for whose extradition the Governor of Macao will con-
tinue to follow the existing practice, after the receipt of a due requisition
from the Viceroy of the Kwangs, it is agreed that, in the Chinese ports
open to foreign trade, the Chinese criminals who take refuge at the
houses or on board ships of Portuguese subjects, shall be arrested and
delivered to the Chinese Authorities on their applying to the Portuguese
Consul; and likewise the Portuguese criminals who take refuge in China
shall be arrested and delivered to the Portuguese authorities on their
applying to the Chinese authorities; and by neither of the parties shall
the criminals be harboured nor shall there be delay in delivering them.
Art. XLVI. — It is agreed that either of the High Contracting
parties to this Treaty may demand a revision of the Tariff, and of the Revision of
commercial articles of this Treaty, at the end of ten years ; but if no '^'^'^^■
demand be made on either side within six months after the end of the
first ten years, then the tariff shall remain in force for ten years more,
reckoned from the end of the preceding ten years ; and so it shall be,
at the end of each successive ten yeras.
Art. XLVII. — All disputes arising between Portuguese subjects Portuguese
in China, with regards to rights, either of property or person, shall be subject to their
submitted to the jurisdiction of the Portuguese authorities. onsus.
Art. XLVIII. — -Whenever Chinese subjects become guilty of any jjj^^^
criminal act towards Portuguese subjects, the Portuguese authorities between Chinese
must report such acts to the Chinese authorities in order that the guilty howdeSwrth '
may be tried according to the laws of China.
If Portuguese subjects become guilty of any criminal act towards
Chinese subjects, the Chinese authorities must report such acts to the
Portuguese Consul is order that the guilty may be tried according to
the law of Portugal.
Art. XLIX. — If any Chinese subject shall have become indebted Payment of jus*
to a Portuguese subject and withholds payment, or fraudulently absconds "i^bts; how to be
from his creditors, the Chinese authorities shall use all their efforts to "° '
apprehend him and to compel him to pay, the debt being previously
proved and the possibility of its payment ascertained. The Portuguese
authorities will likewise use their effort to enforce the payment of any
debt due by any Portuguese subject to a Chinese subject.
K 1
t 164 ]
Disputes.
But in no case will the Portuguese Government or Chinese
Government be considered responsible for the debts of their subjects.
Consul medium ^RT. L. — Whenever any Portuguese subject shall have to petition
ttes^'and'ch^"'' '^^ Chinese authority of a district, he is to submit his statement before-
or Portuguese, hand to the Consul, who will cause the same to be forwarded should
she see no imoropriety in doing so, otherwise he will have it written
out in other terms, or decline to forward it. Likewise, when a Chinese
subject shall have occasion to petition the Portuguese Consul he will
only be allowed to do so through the Chinese authority, who shall
proceed in the same manner.
Art. LI. — Portuguese subjects, who may have any complaint or
claim against any Chinese subject, shall lay the same before the Consul,
who will take due cognizance of the case and will use all his eflforts to
settle it amicably. Likewise, when a Chinese subject shall have occasion
to complain of a Portuguese subject the Consul will listen to his
complaint and will do what he possibly can to re-establish harmony
between the two parties.
If, however, the dispute be of such a nature that it cannot be
settled in that conciliatory way, the Portuguese Consul and Chinese
authorities will hold a joint investigation of the case, and decide it with
equity, applying each the laws of his own country according to the
nationality pf the defendant.
Art. LII. — The Catholic religion has for its essential object the
leading of men to virtue. Persons teaching it and professing it shall
alike be entitled to efficacious protection from the Chinese authorities;
nor shall such persons pursuing peaceably their calling and not oflFending
against the laws be prosecuted or interfered with.
Art. LIII. — In order to prevent for the future any discussion,
and considering that the English language, among all foreign languages,
is the most generally known in China, this Treaty, with the Convention
appended to it, is written in Portuguese, Chinese and English, and
signed in six copies, two in each language. All these versions have the
same sense and meaning, but if there should happen to be any divergence
in the interpretation of the Portuguese and Chinese versions, the
English text will be made use of to resolve the doubts that may have
arisen.
Art. LIV. — The present Treaty, with the Convention appended
to it, shall be ratified by His Most Faithful Majesty the King of
Portugal and the Algarves and His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of
China. The exchange of the ratifications shall be made, within the
shortest possible time, at Tientsin, after which the Treaty, with the
Convention appended, shall be printed and published in order that the
functionaries and subjects of the two countries may have full knowledge
of their stipulations and may fulfil them.
In faith whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed the
present Treaty and have affixed their seals thereto.
Done in Peking, this first day of the month of December in the
year of Our Lord Jesus Christ one thousand eight hundred and eighty-
seven, corresponding with the Chinese date the r7th day of loth moon
of 13th year of Kwang-Sii.
Joint investigS'
tion.
Pull protection
to Catholic
religion.
English teyt
of Treaty
authoriiative.
Ratifications to
be effected.
Peking
1st Dec,
[L.S.] (Signed)
iSeal of the
Chinese
Plenipotentiaries .
THOMAS DE SOUZA RQZA.
PRIIfCE PP'ING.
SUN-IU-UEN,
Convention.
It having been stipulated in the Art. IV. of the Treaty of Amity
and Commerce, concluded between Portugal and China on the ist day
of the month of Deceriiber, 1887, that a Convention sha!ll be arranged
between the two High Contracting Parties in order to establish a. Basis
of operation in collecting the revenue on opium exported from Macao
to Chinese ports, the undersigned Thomas de Souza Roza, Envoy •
Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of His Most Faithful
Majesty the Kitig of Portugal and the Algarves, in special mission to
the Court Of Peking, and His Highness the Prince Ch'ing, President of
the Tsung-li Yamen, and Sun, Minister of the Tsuhg-li Yamen and
Senior Vice-President of the Board of Public Works, Ministers Plenipo-
tentiaries of His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of Chin, have agreed
on the following Convention in three articles : —
Art. I. — Portugal will enact a law subiecting the opiiim trade of Opium : rule;
TVT i.i/-ii° •• for Import, etc.,
Macao to the following provisions : — ■ in Macao.
I. — No opium shall be imported into Macao in quantities less than
one chest.
2. — All opium imported into Macao must, forthwith on arrival, be
reported to the competent department under a public functionary
appointed by the Portuguese Government, to superintend the importa-
tion and exportation of opium in Macao.
3. — No opium imported into Macao shall be transhipped, landed,
stored, removed from one store to another, or exported, without a
permit issued by the Superintendent.
4. — ^The importers and exporters of opium in Macao must keep a
register, according to the form furnished by the Government, showing
with exactness and clearness the quantity of opium they Have imported,
the number of chests they have sold, to whom and to what place they
were disposed of, and the quantity in stock.
5. — Only the Macao opium farmer, and persons licensed to sell
opium at retail, will be permitted to keep in their custody raw opium
in quantities inferior to one chest.
6. — Regulations framed to enforce in Macao the execution of this
law will be equivalent to those adopted in Hongkong for similar
purpose.
Art. II. — Permit for the exportation of opium from Macao into I'tpo?* by
Chinese jtorts, after being issued, shall be communicated by the °""' '
Superintendent of Opium to the Commissioner of Customs at Kung-
pac-uan.
Art. III. — By mutual consent of both the High Contracting convention may
Parties the stipulations of this Convention may be altered' at any time, mutuaf oonMnt.
In faith whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed and
sealed this Convention.
Done in Peking this first year of December in the year of Our
Lord Jesus Christ one thousand eight hundred and eighty-seven,
corresponding with the Chinese date the 17th da,y of loth moon of the
13th year of Kwang Sii
[L.S.] (Signed) THOMAS de SOUZA ROZA.
Sealed of the
Chinese
Plenipotentiaries. .
Princf CH'ING.
SUN-IU-UEN
E 166 }
Agreement.
Providing for The basis of the co-operation to be given to China by Portugal in
IfCustoSuse the collection of duties on opium conveyed from Macao to Chinese
near Macao and ports, having been fixed by a Convention appended to the Treaty of
ComiSsSerf Amity and Commence, concluded between China and Portugal on the
Opra^uty ist December, 1887, and it being now convenient to come to an
Junk trade! etc, understanding upon some points relating to the said co-operation as
well as to fix rules for the treatment of Chinese junks trading with
Macao, Bernardo Pinheiro Correa de Mello, Secretary of the Special
Mission of His Most Faithful Majesty in Peking, duly authorized by
His Excellency Thomas de Souza Roza, Chief of the said Mission, and
Sir Robert Hart, K.C.M.G., Inspector-General of the Chinese Imperial
Maritime Customs, provided with the necessary instructions from the
Chinese Government, have agreed on the following :
I. — An ofifice under a Commissioner, appointed by the Foreign
Inspectorate of the Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs, shall be
established at a convenient spot on Chinese territory, for the sale of
opium duty certificates, to be freely sold to merchants and for such
quantities of opium as they may require. The said Commissioner will
also administer the Customs stations near Macao.
2. — Opium accompanied by such certificates, at the rate of not
more than no Taels per picul, shall be free from all other imports of
every sort, and have all the benefits stipulated for by the Additional
Article of the Chefoo Convention between China and Great Britain on
behalf of opium on which duty has been paid at one of the ports of
China, and may be made up in sealed parcels at the option of the
purchaser,
3.— The Commissioner of Customs responsible for the manage-
ment of the Customs stations shall investigate and settle any complaint
made by Chinese merchants of Macao against the Customs stations or
revenue cruisers.
The Governor of Macao, if he deems it advisable, shall be entitled
to send an officer of Macao to be present and assist in the investigation
and decision. If, however, they do not agree a reference may be made
to the Authorities at Peking for a joint decision.
4. — Junks trading between Chinese ports and Macao, and their
cargoes, shall not be subject to any dues or duties in excess of those
leviable on junks and their cargoes trading between Chinese ports and
Hongkong, and no dues whatsoever shall be demanded from junks
proceeding to Macao from ports of China or coming from Macao to
ports in China, over and above the dues paid, or payable, at the ports
of clearance or destination. Chinese produce which has paid Customs
duties and Likin tax before entering Macao may be re-exported from
Macao to Chinese ports without paying Customs duties and Likin tax
again, and will be only subject to the payment of the tax named Siao-hao.
In witness whereof, this agreement has been written in Portuguese
and EngHsh and signed in duplicate at Peking this the first day of
December, 1887.
(Signed) BERNARDO PINHEIRO CORREA de MELLO,
Secretary of the Special Mission of His Most Faithful Majesty.
[Signed) SIR ROBERT HART,
Inspector- General of Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs.
[ 167 ]
[Prdcis.]
SPAIN
TREATY BETWEEN HER MOST CATHOLIC MAJESTY,
DONA ISABEL II., AND HIS MAJESTY
THE EMPEROR OF CHINA.
Signed, in the Spanish and Chinese Languages, at Tientsin, loth October,
1864.
Ratified by the Queen of Spain, 14th May, 1866.
Ratifications exchanged at Tientsin, loth May, 1867.
Published at Madrid, xgth February, 186S.
Su Majestad la Reina de las Espanas y S. M. el Emperador de
la China, queriendo fijar bajo bases solidas por medio de un Tratado
solemne las rekciones de amistad y comercio que existen hace largo
tiempo entre el Reino de las Espanas y el Imperio Chino, ban nom-
brado por sus Plenipotenciarios, a saber : Plentipoten-
Su Majestad la Reina de las Espanas a D. Sinibalda-de Mas, Gran '■>*"''s =
Cruz de la Real Orden americana de Isabel la Catdlica, su Enviado Sks^.™''^'''" '^^
Extraordinario y Ministro Plerypotenciario ;
Y S. M. el Emperador de la China, 4 Shie, Comisario- Imperial ^"°'' Hwan-
condecorado con la insignia del primer grado, Miembro del Ministerio ™^ °^'
de Negocios Extranjeros y k Tchung, Consejero de Estado en el
Ministerio de la Guerra, Superintendente de los tres puertos comer-
ciales del Norte y Comisario Imperial ; los cuales, depues, de haber
canjeado sus pianos poderes respectivos hallandose en buena y debida
forma, ban convenido en los articulos siguientes : —
Art. I. — Continuara existiendo constante paz y amistad entre Amity and
S. M. la Reina de las Espanas y S. M. el Emperador de la China, g^t^iprotec-
cuyos respectivos siibditos gozaran tambien en los dominios de las
Altas Partes contratantes de la mas completa y decidida proteccion
respecto de sus personas y propriedades.
Residence and
Art. II. — Same as Brit. Art. 2 and x. privileges of
^ Representative
at Peking.
Art. lll.-Same as Brit. Art. 4. c'TesUndence.
Art. IV. — En todos los puertos de China abiertos al comercio Appointment
podrd establecer S. M. Catdlica Cdnsules para tratar de lost nfegocios cons^u^s!"Tonf
comerciales y velar por la observancia de todos articutosidel Tratado. but official
Los C6nsules y los encargados de los Consulades gozaran los employed? *
honores de Intendentes y distritos 6 Tau-tai, y los Vicecdnsules,
Agentes Consulares 4 Intferpretes traductores los de Prefdcto, y gozerdn
de las mismas atribuciones que los funcionarios consulares de las
demas naciones. Tendran acceso on las residencias oficiales de
aquellas autoridades, comunicandose personalmente 6 por escrito,
bajo el pie de perfecta igualdad.
[ 168 i
Dichos funcionarios deberdn ser empleados del Gobierno Espanol,
pagados por el tnismo y no comerciantes.
En los puertos de poca importancia mercantil para Espana,-el
Gobierno Espanol podri encargar de su Consulado al C6nsul de otra
nacion, con tal queno sea comerciante.
Ports open to Art. V. — Queda convenido que los buques uiercantes Espanoles
ofresidencfand podr^" frecuntar los pnertos siguientes : Niu-chuang, Tien-Tsi'ng,
leasing land, etc. Chi-fu, Sang-hay, Ningpo, Fu-chau, Emuy, Tai-uan-fu y Tam-sui en
la isla Formosa: Canton, Sua-tau, Chiung-chou en la isla de Hainan ;
Chin-chiang, Hang-kou y Kiu-kiang en el rio Yang-tse Kiang, y
Nan-king.
Los siibditos Espanoles podran comerciat en los citados puertos
con las personas que gusten, y entrar y salir con sus mercaderias.
Tambien les sera permitido construir y alquilar casas y terrenos y
edificar hospitales, iglesias y cementerios.
professors of Art. VI. — Same as Brit. Art. 8.
Christianity to
epro ce . Art. VII. — Ser permitido d todo comerciante Espanol, que
under passports, despues de desembarcar marcaderias en algunos de las puertos abiertos
hubiese pagado los correspondientes derechos, asi como tambien a
cualquiera otro siibdito Espanol el viajar por el interior de China, con
tal que vayan provistos de pasaporte, el cual sera expedido por el
C6nsul y refrendado por las autoridades locales. El portador de un
pasaporte debera presentarlo en los puntos por donde pase, cuando
por 6\ se le pregunte, y estando en regla su pasaporte nadie podra
impedirle que flete embarcaciones 6 contrate personas que conduzcan
su equipaje y mercancias. Si un viagero fuese encontrado sin pasa-
porte, 6 si cometiese alguna infraccion contra las leyes, sera entregado
al C6nsul mas inmediato para que le castigue, no pudiendo emi)learse
con 6\ por las autoridades Chinas otra medida de represion.
No necesitardn pasaportes las personas que recorran las cercanias
de cualquiera de los puertos abiertos al comercio, dentro de la distancia
de loo lis (50 kil6metros) y del plazo de cinco dias.
Crews of ships to Las estipulaciones de este articulo no se refieren a las tripulaciones
regui'attonJ""'' de los buques, porque respecto de estas los C6nsules y las autoridades
locales estableceran las reglas convenientes.
Places in iiands Para cualquiera de los puntos que se hallen en rebelion contra en
of rebels. Gobiemo no se daran pasaportes hasta que hay a completa paz en el
pais.
Leaseof land Art. VIII. — Cuando algun siibdito Espanol quiera construir 6
and erection of abrir casas, almacenes, iglesias, hospitales, cementerios en los puertos
churches or"^' 6 en otros puntos, el contrato de compra 6 alquiler de esas propriedades
cemeteries. gg j^^^^ jj^jo j^g condiciones mas generalmente usadas por el pueblo
Chino, con equidad y sin pago de impuesto alguno por cualquiera de
las partes. Debe tenerse entendido que solo en los puertos abiertos
al comercio se permitira el establecimiento de almacenes.
Employment of ART. IX. — El Gobierno Chino no se opondri de modo alguno a
power.'' °'°'*''°'^ q"6 los siibditos Espanoles empleen a los siibditos Chinos en eualquier
ocupacion licita. Del mismo modo podran los Chinos tomar a su
servicio a los siibditos Espailoles.
Emigration of ART. X. — Las autoridades Imperiales permitiran que los siibditos
spaS Colonies Chino que deseen ir k trabajar a has posesiones Espanolas de Ultramar
under contract, celebren contratos al efecto con los siibditos Espanolas y se embarquen
solos 6 con sus familias en cualquiera de los puertos abiertos de China,
y las autoridades locales establecerlin las reglamehtos necesarios en
f 169 ]
cada puerto, de acuerdo con los Representantes de S. M. Catdlica para
la proleccio de los mencionados trabajadores.
No podran admitirse los desertores ni los que hayan sido cogidos
contra su voluntad; si Uegase tal caso, le autoiidad local oficiard al
Consul Espanol para que los devuelva. Hire of cargo and
. i^-r X Ti -^ A i. passenger boats,
Art. XI. — Same as Bnt. Art. 14. and of coolies.
Art. XII. — Todas las diferencias que se susciten entre sdbditos Jurisdiction in
Espanoles, ya seau sobre derechos personales, ya versen sobre derechos ""' ''^"^''
relativos 4 la propiedad, se someterdn d la jurisdiccion de los C6nsules
Espanoles.
Todas las controversias que occurriereii en China etre subditos de
Espana y siibditos de otra nacion extranjera seran arregladas segun los
tratados que existan entre Espana y dichas naciones, sin ninguna
intervencion de las aulhoridades Chinas. Pero si en estas controversias
se hallasen en vueltos siibditos Chinos, la autoridad local tomard parte
en los procedimientos judiciales como en los casos para los cuales se
providencia en los articulos 13 y 15.
Art. XIII. — Todo siibito Chino que fuere culpable de cualquier Chinese
acto criminal cometido contra algun siibdito Espanol sera reducido a dealt with by
prision y castigado por las autoridades Chinas con arreglo d las leyes ^uthorit? nd
de China, precediendo la denuncia del C6nsul Espanol. mxvers&.
El siibdito Espanol que cometiere algun delito en chino sera
juzgado por el C6nsul 6 por cualquier otro funcionario Espanol piiblico
autorizado al efecto segun las leyes de Espana, precediendo la denuncia
de las autorides Chinas.
En caso de ocurrir delitos graves, tales come homicidio, robo con Spanish subjects
heridas de consideracion atentado contra la vida, incendio premeditado, Maniii™r
etc., el reo, despues de instruida la correspondiente sumaria, sera g^oM'casV"
remetido a Manila para que alii se le aplique el castigo segun las leyes
de Espana.
Art. XIV. — Todo siibdito Espanol que haja sufrido ofensa deun Smts between
Chino debera exponer su queja al Consul, quien se informard debida- Spanish
mente de la cuestion empleard todos sus esfuerzos para terminarja gj^^^^j'^yji^^j
amigablemente. Del mismo modo, cuando un siibdito Chino tuviese Chinese
que quejarse de un Espanol, el Consul no desatendera su queja y hard *" "'■''■
todo lo posible para restablecer la armonia entre las dos partes. Si la
cuestion fuese, sin embargo, de lal naturaleza que no pudiese ter-
minarse de ese modol el Consul pedira entbnces k las autoridades
Chinas que le auxilien en la averiguacion del caso para decidirla con
equilidad de un acuerdo.
Art. XV.-Same as Brit. Art. 18. fgaSSSsuit or
Art. XVI. — Clause i same as Brit. Art. 19. Aotfon°iii case of
Si la autoridad China a quien corresponda no pudiese prender 4 pi^iKieror
los culpables y devolver la proprieded robada, serd castigada segun les Me*°who fail to
leyes de China ; pero no estara obligada a indemnizar la pdrdida. be°punj"heTbu°
not to be
pecuniarily
Art. XVII.— Same as Brit. Art. 20. Wrecko"*'
Art. XVIII.— Todo siibdito Chino culpable de algiin delito, que stranding,
en cualquiera de los puertos de China busque asilo en la habitacion 6 ofle'ndtHo""'
d bordo de un buque de algun siibdito Espanol, lejos de ser acogido y deserters from
ocultado, sera entrfegado a las autoridades Chinas despues que dstas
lo reclamen al Cdnsul Espanol establecido en aquel puerto. De la
mismo maneia, si alguno d algunos marineros Espaiioles se desertasen
de su buque y se refugiasen en alguna embarcacion 6 casa China, la
[ 170 ]
Recovery of
debt. The
government
not responsible.-
Kate of Tonnage
dues. English
measurement
understood.
Duties to be
paid according
to Tariff^on
seme footing
as other
nationalities
Period of pay-
ment of duties.
Revision.
Commutation
of inland Tranf.it
Amount to be
ote-half the full
Tariff duty,
except in case of
duty-free goods.
Such to pay -2^
per cent
ad valorem
Tonnage dues
certificate —
good for four
months on coast.
Tonnage dues
payable after
stay of 48 hours
in port. Report
of ship's arrival
obligatory.
Cargo and
passenger boats
exempt from
Tonnage dues,
unless when
carrying dutiable
merchandise.
autoridad local, tan pronto como haya recibido la reclamation del
Agente de S..M. Cat6Hca al efecto, tomari las medidas necesarias para
descubrir al profugo, y despues de arrestado lo entregari al dicho
Agente del Gobierno Espanol.
Art. XIX. — Same as Brit. Art. 22 with addition asfoUoyvs: —
Pero Ids Gobiernos respectivos de ninguna manera estaran obligados i
indemnizar al acreedor.
Art. XX. — First clause same as first clause of Brit. Art. 29.
El superintendente de la aduana deberi expedia un certificado de
los derechos de tonelada que hayan side satisfechos.
Para los efectos de este articulo se entenderi que las toneladas
deben ser de la misma medida que las inglesas
Art. XXI. — Los siibditos Espanoles pagaran por todas las
niercancias que importen 6 exporten los derechos que marque el
arancel adoptado para las otras naciones, y en ningun caso se les
exigira derechos mas elevados que los pagados por los siibditos de otra
cualquier nacion extranjera,
Art. XXII — Same as Brit. Art. 25.
Art. XXIII.— Same as Brit. Art. 27.
Art. XXIV. — Todo comerciante Espanol que conduzca S, un
puerto niercancias compradas en un mercado del interior del pais, n
transporte a un mercado del interior mercancias procedentes de uh
puertor, tiene opcion a libralas de todo derecho de Iransito pagando un
solo impuesto satisfecho segun se prescribe en el articulo 7°. del
Convenio comercial adoptado por las otras naciones.
El importe de este impuesto ser4 una mitad de la suma a que
ascienden los derechos de la larifa, excepto en el caso de que scan
mercancias exentas de derechos y que estdn sujetas 4 un impuesto de
transito de dos y medio por ciento ad valorem, segun se estipula en el
art 2°. del Convenio comercial adoptado par las demas naciones.
El pago de estos derechos de tiansito no alterara en modo alguno
los derechos del arancel sohre iraportacion y exportacion de mercancias,
los cuales continuaran satisfacidndose separadamente y por coinpleto.
Art. XXV. — Todo buque Espanol que sea despachado en uno de
los puertos abiertos de China para otro de los mismos ij Hongkong 6
Macao tiene derecho a un certificado de la aduana que le exceptiie del
nueve pago de derechos de tonelada durante un periodo de cualro
meses, contados desde la fecha de su despacho.
Art. XXVI. — Todo Capitan de buque Espanol tiene la facultad
de salir sin abrir sus escotilbs dentro de 48 horas, contadas desde la
llegada de su buque a cualquiera de los puertos de China, pero no mas
tarde, y en ese caso no tendra que pagar derechos de tonelada.
Estara sin enbargo obligado a dar parte de su llegada para que
se verifique el correspondiente registro asi que entre en el puerto, bajo
la pena de multa cuando no lo haga en el espacio de los dias. El
buque estara sujeto por lo tanlo al pago de derecho de tonelada 48
horas despues de su llegada al puerto, y ni ent6nces ni a la salida se le
exigira otro impuesto de cualquiera classe que sea.
Art. XXVII. — Estaran libres del gago de derecho de toneladas
todas las embarcaciones empleadas por siibditos Espanoles en la con-
duccion de pa<ageros, equipajes, correspondencia, provisiones 6 cual-
quiera otra carga exenta de derechos entre los puertos abiertos de
China. Todas las embarcaciones cargadas que conduzcan mercancias
sujetes d derechos pagaran el de tonelada cada cuatro meses a razon de
pn mes por tonelada.
[ 1?1 1
Art. XXVIII.— Same as Brit. Art. 32. Lighthouses,-^
^ , Deacons, etc.
Art. XXIX, — Los derechos se pagaran k los banqueros autoriza- Medium and
dos por el Gobierno Chino para cobrarlos, en plata saici 6 en moneda payment'sf '^"'''
txtranjera, quese tomara al misrao cambio que den otros comerciantes,
y nunca a tipo mks alto.
Art. XXX.— Same as Brit. Art. 34. weights and
^^ measures.
Art. XXXI. — Same as Brit. Art. 35. Pilots.
Art. XXXII. — Same as Brit. Art. 36. vessels to be
"vvatehed.
Art. XXXIII. — Same as Brit. Art. 37. Manifest and
Report.
Art. XXXIV.— Same as Brit. Art. 38. Permit,-.
Art. XXXV. — Same as Brit. Art. -iq. Landing and
^ -^ Shipment.
Art, XXXVI, — Same as Brit, Art. 40. Transhipmuni.
Art. XXXVII. Same as Brit. Art. 41. Port-clearance.
Art. XXXVIII.— Same as Brit. Art. 42. ^Ss*'°" °^
Art. XXXIX.— Same as Brit. Art. 43. Tare, etc.
Art. XL.— Same as Brit. Art. 44. Damaged goods.
, ^^ Y r. -n 1 « i Reexportation.
Art. XLI. Same as Belg. Art. 35. Drawbaolt cer-
tificates, etc.
Art. XLII. — Same as Brit. Art. 46. Prevention of
smuggling.
Art. XLIII. — Los buques mercantes Espanoles solo podran clandestine
frecuentar aquellos puertos de China que se han declarado en este confiscation.
Tratado abiertos al comercio. Les estk prohibido, por lo tanto, entrar
en otros puertos, asi como hacer comerico clandestine en las costas de
China d del Yang-tze Kiang, y el que violare esta disposicion quedara
sujeto a ser confiscado por el Gobierno Chino con toda la carga que
tenga abordo.
Coast-trade.
Art. XLIV.-Same as Belg. Art. 34. S'dt.
Art. XLV. — Si se encontrase algun buque mercante Espanol Smuggling.
haciendo contrabando, toda la carga, sea cual fuere su valor y naturaleza, toMted", and
quedara sujeta a ser confiscada por las autoridades Chinas, las cuales vessel forbidden
podran mandar salir del puerto al buque despues que hayasaldado todas "' " ra mg.
sus cuentas y prohibirle que continiie negociando.
Fines etc. to
Art. XLVI. — Same as Bnt. Art. 49. beiongtocwnese
Government.
Art. XLVII. — Los buques mercantes Chinos, sin limitacion de cwuesevessis
, i\.\ -^iTiT?'!*' ^ i. i. J trading to the
niimero podvan ir a comerciar a las Islas i" ilipians y seran tratados como phiiipjine is.,
los de la nacion mas favorecida. Si la Espana concede en adelante ^'J.c'i;^',"^^*'';
nuevas vantajas a los comerciantes de otra nacion, los negociantes enjoy the pri-
Chinois gozaran de el-la como los de la nacion mas favorecida m'!^t feTOured
nation.
Art. XLVIII.— Same as Brit. Art. 52. vesseis-of-war.
Art. XLIX. — Ningun comerciante ni buque Espanol podrallevar Traffic with
a los rebeldes 6 piratas clase alguna de provisiones, armas 6 municiones. rebels or pirates.
En caso de contravenciou seran confiscados el buque y la carga, y
el culpable sera entregado al Gobierno Espafiol para que sea castigado
con todo el rigor de la ley.
{ 172 ]
Most {jvonred
nation privileges
extended to
Spanish Govern-
ment and
subjects.
Official corres-
pondence. Each
nation to adhere
to its own text.
Communica-
tions between
Consuls and
Chinese
authorities.
Representations
to Consuls or to
Chinese
authorities.
Exchange of
Batiii cations.
Publications of
Treaty.
10th Oct., 1864.
Art. L.— Seran extensivas al Gobierno Espanol y A sus subditos
todas las ventajas e inmunidades que concede en ta actualidad h con-
ceda en adelante el Gobierno Chino a cualquiera otra nacion, sea esta
la que fuere, debiendo ser tratada la Espana en todos conceptos como
la mas amiga y favorecida en el celeste Imperio.
Art. LI. — La correspondencia oficial enviada por los Agentes.
Diplomaticos y consulares Espanoles d las autoridades Chinas se escri-
bir4 en Espanol 6 iri, accompanada de una traduccion en Chino.
Del mismo modo el presente Tratado serd. escrito en Espanol y en
Chino, confrontando debidaniente los dos textos, y servira de regla a
cada nacion la version escrita en su propio idioma.
Las fdrmulas de la correspondencia oficial entre las autoridades
Espanolas y Chinas se regularan por las gerarqulas y posiciones respec-
tivas, teniendo por vase la mas completa reciprocidad. Entre los altos
funcionarios Espanoles y los altos funcionarios Chinos, en la capital 6
en cualquiera otor lugar, estas correspondencias tentran la forma de
oficio 6 comunicacion (chou-juei) ; entre los funcionarios Espanoles
subalternos y las primeras authoridades de provincia se usara respecto
de aquellas la forma de exposicion (chen-chen), y respecto la de decla-
racion (chau-sing), y los otros empleados subalternos de ambas naciones
deberdn escribires en terminos de perfecta igualdad.
Los negociantes, y en general todos los individuos que no esten
revestidos de caracter oficial, observardn con las authoridades Chinas la
forma de representation (pin-chen.)
Cuando algun silbdito Espanol tenga que acudir a la authoridad
China del distrito, debera primeramente llevar su soliditud al Cdnsul,
quien si no encuentra en ello inconveniente la hara entregar, y en caso
contrario mandard escribirla en otros terminos 6 rehusata trasmitirla.
Igualmente cuando un siibdito Chino haya de acudir al Gdhsul de
Espana, solo podra acerlo por conducto de la autoridad China, que
procedera en la misma forma.
Art. LII. — Las ratificaciones del presente tratado por jmrte de
S. M. la Reina de las Espanas de S. M. el Emperador de China se
canjearan en Tientsin 6 Shang-hay en el plazo de un ano, contado
desde la fecha en que se firma.
Canjeadas las ratificaciones, el Gobierno Chino dara conocimiento
del Tratado a las authoridades superiores de todas las provincias para
que lo pongan en completa ejecucion.
En fe de lo cual, los Plenipotenciarios respectivos firmaron y
sellaran el presente Tratado por cuadruplicado en Tien-Tsin d lo de
Octubre de 1864.
[L.S.] (Signed) SINIBALDO DE MAS.
[L.S.] (Signed) CHINESE PLENIPOTENTIARIES,
[Precis.]
ITALY.
TREATY QF FRIENDSHIP, COMMERCE, AND NAVIGATION
BETWEEN ITALY AND CHINA.
Signed at Peking, in the Italian and Chinese Languages, 26th October,
1866.
Ratifications exchanged at Shanghai, 12th November, 1867.
Sua Maesta il R6 d'ltalia e Sua Maesta ITmperatore della China,
animati entrambi dal desiderio di stringere rapporti di amicizia tra i
due paesi, hanno risoluto di conchiudere un Trdttato solenne di reci- pig^j-o.
proce interesse, ed hanno nominato loro Plenipotenziari: tentiariea.
Sua Maesta il R^ d'ltalia, Vittorio Arminjon, Capitano di fregata Vittorio
di prima clase nella Regia Marina, Ufficiale del suo Ordine dei Santi ^™'°J™-
Maurizio e Lazzaro, Cavaliere dell' Ordine della Legione d'onore di
Francia, ete. ;
Sua Maesta I'Imperatore della China, T'han, Consigliere al T'anT'ing-siang.
Ministerio delle Finanze, Membro dell' Ufficio degli Affari Esteri,
Commissario Imperiale investito di pieni poteri ;
Tsong, Consigliere al Ministerio della Guerra, Sopraintendente Ch'ungHow.
del commercio nei tre porti del Nord, Commissario Imperiale investito
di pieni poteri ;
I quali, dopo essersi comunicati i loro pieni poteri e riconosciuti
questi in debita e legale forma, hanno stipulate quanto seque : —
Art. I.— Same as Dan. Art. i. ^^i^l
Art. II. — Same as Dan. Art. 2. Diplomatic
representatives.
Art. III. — Sua Maesta I'Imperatore della China acconsente che Residence and
I'Agente Diplomatico di Sua Maesta il R6 d'ltaha, colla propria FSiianfrfpre-
famiglia e colle persone di sua casa, abbia residenza fissa a Pekino, o tentative.
vi si rechi eventualmente, a scelta del Governo Italiano.
[Remainder same as clauses 2 and 3 of Dan. Art. 3. J
Art. IV.-Same as Dan. Art. 4. ™ondenoe.
Art. v.— Same as Dan. Art. 5. SSSr"""*"
Art. VI,— Same as Dan. Art. 6. Chinese Envoy
to Italy.
Art. VII. — Same as Dan. Art. 7, with following addition : Appointment of
' ' " Consuls.
In macanza di Console o di chi ne faccia le veci, i sudditi Itah'ani Supt. of Customs
potranno rivolgersi al Direttore della dogana, il quale tuteleri, i loro to^in absSce w
interessi a norma dei vigenti Regolamenti. Consul.
Art. VIII.— Same as Dan. Art. 8, with following addition : EeiSon"
Nessun irnpedimentq sara posto dalle autorita Chinese a che tale Toleration o«
o tale altro sudd'ito deill' Imperp possa, se lo yuole, abbracciare la ?(|}J?ert9.
religione cristiana e seguirnb pubblitanqente i riti.
r A74> 1
Passports.
Forms of
correspondence.
Ports of trade.
Leasing of land
and buildings.
Employment of
Chinese, etc.
Hire cf ^cargo-
boats, etc.
Civil jurisdic-
tion.
Criminal juris-
diction.
Suits on either
side.
Protection from
insult or
violence. Italian
vessels not liable
to embargo.
Piracy or
robbery.
Wreck or
stranding.
Neutral rights.
Extradition.
Recovery of debt
Tariff duties.
Period for pay-
ment of duties.
Revision.
Transit Dues.
Tonnage Dues.
Period of 48
hours.
Exemption from
tonnage dues.
Light-hojises
and beacons, etc.
Medium and
manner of duty
payments.
Weights and
measures.
Pilots.
General pilotage
regulations in
force.
"Vessels to be
watched.
Manifest to be
lodged within 24
hours, etc.
Permit for
opening hatches.
Art. IX. — Same as Brit. Tn. Art. 9, mi'ftus last clause.
Art. X.— Same as Fr. Tn. Art. 4.
Art. XI. — Same as Dan. Art. 11, (with addition of Kiukiang, in
the Chinese text, to the list of ports on the Yangtsze Kiang).
Art. XII. — Same as Dan. Art. 12.
Art. XIII.— Same as Fr. Tn. Art. 11, and Belg. Art. 13.
Art. XIV. — Same as Dan. Art. 14.
Art. XV. — Same as Dan. Art. 15.
Art. XVI. — Same as Dan. Art. 16.
Art. XVII. — Same as Dan. Art. 17.
Art. XVIII. — Same as Dan. Art. 18, with following clause
introduced after the insulto violenzd, viz :
Queste autorila non potranno, in nessuna circonstanza, porre
embargo sulle navi Italieni, nd colpire di requisizioni per qualsiasi
servizio pubblico o private.
Art. XIX.— Same as Dan. Art. 19.
Art. XX. — Same as Dan. Art. 20.
Art. XXI.— Same as Fr. Tn. 31.
Art. XXII — ist clause same as Dan. Art. 21. 2nd clause same
as Fr. Tn. Art. 32.
Art. XXIII.— Same as Dan. Art, 22.
Art. XXIV. — Same as Dan. Art. 23 and 25.
Art. XXV. — Same as Dan. Art. 24.
Art. XXVI. — Same as Dan. Art. 16 with substitution of 1878
for 1868, and addition as follovi's :
Qualora poi, nei primi dodici anni, alcuna delle Potenze che hanno
Trattati colla China, proponesse la revisione della tariffa e degli articoli
relativi al commercio, ITtalia avrebbe diritto di presentare anch'essa le
sue proposizioni.
Art. XXVII.— Same as Dan. Art. 27.
Art. XXVIII.— Same as Dan, Art. 28.
Art. XXIX. — Same as Dan. Art. 29.
Art. XXX. — Same as Dan. Art. 30.
Art. XXXI.— Same as Dan. Art. 31.
Art. XXXII. — Same as Dan. Art. 32.
Art. XXXIII.— Same as Dan. Art. 33.
Art. XXXIV. — Same as Dan. Art. 34, with following addition :
II diritto di pilotaggio e le question! relativi ai piloti sono deter-
minate da speciale Regolamento, fatto di concerto dai Consoli di tutte
le nazioni e dall' autorita Chinese.
Art. XXXV. — Same as Dan. Art. 35.
Art. XXXVI.— Same as Dan. Art. 36.
Art. XXXVII. — Same as Dan. Art. 37, a clerical error of
cinquanta (50) for cinque-cento (500) taels, in the original text, having
been corrected by a Royal Decree of the 23rd October, 1868, No. 4674.
[ i7f. i
Art. XXXVIII —Same as Dan. Art. 38.
Art. XXXIX.— Same as Dan. Art. 39.
Art. XL. — Same as Dan. Art. 40.
Art. XLI. — Same as Dan. Art. 41.
Art. XLII. — Same as Dan. Art. 42.
Art. XLIII. — Same as Dan. Art. 43.
Art. XLIV. — Same as Dan. Art. 44.
Art. XLV. — Same as Dan. Art. 45, with following addition after
clause 2 ;
A vece delle cedole di ritorno, si potrS, ottenere dalla dogana un
perraesso di sbarco delle merci in franchigia di diritto (mi'en-shoi-tan),
valevole per altro porto della China.
Art. XLVI. — Same as Dan. Art. 46.
Art. XLVII. — Same as Dan. Art. 47.
Permits for
landing and
shipment.
Transhipment.
Port-clearance.
Valuation of
goods.
Tare, etc,
Damaged goods.
Coast-trade.
Drawback and
exemption
certilicatos.
Foreign cereals.
Measures for
prevention of
fraud.
Clandestine
trade.
Art. XLVIII. — Same as Dan. Art. 4
Art. XLIX.^ — Same as Dan. Art. 49.
Art. L. — Same as Belg. Art. 8.
Art. LI. — Same as Dan. Art. 51.
Art. Lll.— Same as Brit. Tn. Art. 52.
Art. LIII.— Same as Brit. Tn. Art. 53.
Art. LIV. — Same as Dan. Art. 54, with following addition:
Similmente, se alcune delle Potenze europee facesse alia China
qualche utile concessione, la quale non fosse preguidicevole agl'
interessi del Governo o dei sudditi Italiani, il Governo de Sua Maesta
il Rd farebbe ogni sforzo per aderirvi.
Art. LV. — Le ratificazioni del presente Trattato da parte di Sua
Maesti il R6 dTtalia e di Sua Maesta I'Iraperatore della China, saranno
rispettivamente scambiate a Chang-hai o a Tientsin entro un anno, a
partire dal giorno della firma.
In fede di che i rispettivi Plenipotenziari hanno sottoscritto il
presente 'f'rattato, e vi hanno apposto i loro suggelli.
Fatto a Pekino, in quattro spedizioni, il ventisei Ottobre delle'
anno mille ottocento sessanta sei. II diciottesimo giorno del nono
mese delle' anno quinto del regno di Tong-tche.
Confiscation,etc"
Fines and
penalties.
Language of
oiRcial corres-
pondence. Text
to be held
correct on either
side.
Character " I."
Ships of war.
Piracy.
Most favoured
nation
privileges.
Italian Govern-
ment wiU do all
in its power to
extend recipro-
city in favour
oi China.
Exchange of
Eatiiications.
24th October,
1864.
L.S.
L.S.
L.S.
(Signed) V. ARMINJON.
(Signed) T'HAN.
(Signed) TSONG.
[ J76 1
[Prdcis. — Translation. ]
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.
TREATY OF FRIENDSHIP, COMMERCE, AND NAVIGATION
BETWEEN THE EMPIRE OF AUSTRIA-HUNGARY
AND THE EMPIRE OF CHINA.
Plenipo-
tentiaries.
BarOn Petz.
Tung Sun.
Ch'ung How.
Amity and
mutual protec-
tion,
Biplomatic
Agents.
Diplomatic
« privileges.
Travel and
correspondence.
Transaction of
affairs.
Appointment of
Gonsul-General,
Consuls, etc.
Signed, in the German and Chinese Languages, at Peking,
2nd September, l86g.
Ratifications exchanged at Shanghai, 2yth November,. 1871.
His Majesty Francis Joseph I., Dei Gratia Emperor of Austria,
King of Bohemia, etc., and Apostolic King of Hungary, on the one
part, and His Majesty the Emperor of China on the other part, being
sincerely desirous to establish friendlo relations between their respectiv3
Empires, have resolved to confirm them by a Treaty of Friendship,
Commerce and Navigation advantageous alike to the subjects of both
the high contracting parties : and for this purpose they have named as
their Plenipotentiaries, that is to say:
His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty: the Rear-Adrairal
Anthony, Baron Petz, Minister Plenipotentiary and Envoy Extraor-
dinary, Commander-in-Chief of the Imperial and Royal expedition to
Eastern Asia, Knight of the Military Order of Maria Theresa, etc., etc.;
And His Majesty the Emperor of China : the President of the
Board of Revenue, Tung, one of the Ministers of the Yamen of Foreign
Affairs; and the Vice-President of the Board of War, Ch'ung, a
titular Guardian of the Heir Apparent, Assistant Lieutenant-General
of the Bordered Red Banner, Superintendent of Trade for the Three
Northern Ports, as his Ministers Plenipotentiary;
Who, having communicated to each other their respective full
powers, and found the same to be in good and due form, have agreed
upon and concluded the following Articles :
Art. I. — Same as Dan. Art. i.
Art. II. — Same as Dan. Art. 2.
Art. III. — Same as Dan. Art. 3, with addition of reciprocity in
the case of a Chinese mission to the Austro-Hungarian Court.
Art. IV. — Same as Dan. Art. 4.
Art. V. — Same as Dan. Art. 5.
Art. VI. — The Government of His Imperial and Royal Apostolic
Majesty shall be at liberty to appoint a Consul-General, and for such
open ports or cities of China as the commercial interests of the
Austro-Hungarian Monarchy may require, Consuls, Vice-Consuls, or
Consular Agents. These officers shall be treated with due respect
by the Chinese authorities and shall enjoy the same privileges and
immunities as the Consular officers of the rnost favored nation.
[ 177 :]
Should His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty not see fit to
appoint a Consul to one of the ports open to foreign trade, the functions
of a Consular Agent may be conferred upon the Consul of a friendly
Power at any such port.
Art, _VII. — Same as Belg. Art. 8. Authorized text,
Art. VIII. — Same as Dan. Art. ii, with addition of Kiukiang to Porta oppn to
the list of ports, and with following stipulation added: deMef"E,aXio-
Austro-Hungarian subjects proceeding to the interior of China *'°"s ip ">'«rt<«'-
for purposes of trade shall be subject to the regulations in force with
reference to other nationalities, and shall not be at liberty to open
warehouses or shops in the interior.
Land and
Art. IX. — Same as Belg. Art. 12. buildings.
Smuggling
Art. X, — Same as Fr. Tn. Art. 7 and 28. prohibited.
Confiscation.
Art. XI. — Same as Fr. Tn. Art. 8, with exception that the issue ?,*^^?°^' f™
of passports for journeys in the interior is confined to travellers underpa'sspoit
unaccompanied by merchandise. All persons conveying merchandise atone forbidden.
to the interior shall be required to take out such certificates from the
Custom House as are specified in the regulations in force with reference
to other nationalities. in„„,f,t-
Hire of Chinese
Art. XII.— Same as Fr. Tn. Art. 11. servants, teach-
ers, etc.
Art. XIII.— Same as Fr. Tn. Art. 12. to"&''"'°
Art. XIV. — Same as Dan. Art. 34. Pilotage.
Art. XV.— Same as Fr. Tn. Art. 16.
Art. XVI. — Same as Brit. Tn. Art. 37. manffest.^etc!
« T-. ■ m * Permit for
Art. XVII. — Same as Bnt. Tn. Art. 39. Unding or
shipmeiit.
Art. XVIII. — Same as Brit. Tn. Art. 40. Transhipment.
Art. XIX.— Austro-Hungarian subjects shall be at liberty to ^ j^^mhto™
hire any description of lighters or small craft for the transport of
goods and passengers, and the sum to be paid for such lighters shall
be settled by free agreement of the parties without interference of the
Chinese authorities. The number of such boats shall not be limited,
nor shall a monopoly in respect of the vessels or of the transport by
porters of goods to be shipped or discharged be bestowed upon any-
body whatever. Should smuggling take place in the said'lighters, the
offender, on detection, will be liable to punishment, and the merchandise
shall be confiscated. •
Art. XX. — Austro-Hungarian subjects shall pay on all mer- ^i^*°fo^"''„v
chandise imported or exported by them at the ports open to foreign .sequent to tim
•trade the duties set forth in the Tariff annexed to the present Treaty, S^'J'/^"^*'"''
and they shall in no case be called upon to pay other or higher duties Austro-Hun-
than those required now or in future from the subjects of the most meTt" ^°™""
favoured nation. In the event of any alterations, in the shape either
of increase or of abatement of duties, being effected in the Tariff by
agreement with any other Power before the period for the revision
of the present Treaty has arrived, the same shall become equally
applicable to the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. The Commercial
Regulations appended to the Treaty shall be regarded as an integral
part of the Treaty and shall be respected on either side as of equal
force with the Treaty itself.
Customs'
supervision.
[ 178 ]
Mxing T»lue"of
goods.
Mode of filing
tare.
Damaged goods;
Tonnage dues —
when payable.
Payment of
duties— port-
clearance. •
Uode of payment
of duties.
Bate of tonnage
dues.
Transit duties,
commutation,
etc. Future
alterations in
regulations to
lie accepted.
Partial dis-
charge of cargo.
Coast trade.
Re-exportation,
drawbacks, etc.
"Weights and
Measures.
Peualties and
confiscations.
Ships of war.
Wreck.
Extradition.
Piracy.
Civil suits.
Criminal pro-
cedure. The
authorities of
either country
to deal with
offences com-
mitted by their
respective
nationals
Jiufisdiction in
civil cases.
Eobbery, etc.
Becovery of
debts.
Most favoured
nation privileges
to be mutually
accorded.
Revision.
Treaty to take
effect after
ratification.
Art. XXI.---Same as Brit. Tn. Art. 42.
Art. XXII. —Same as Brit. Tn. Art. 43.
Art. XXIIL— Same as Brit. Tn. Art. 44.
Art. XXIV.— Same as Brit. Tn. Art. 30.
Art. XXV. — Same as Brit. Tn. Art. 25 and 41.
Art. XXVI. — Same as Dan. Art. 32.
Art. XXVII.-- -Same as Brit. Tn. Art. 29, excepting mention of
Hongkong.
Art. XXVIIL— Same as Dan. Art. 27, with following addition:
The Austro-Hungarian Monarchy agrees to accept any regulations
which may be .agreed upon hereafter between the Chinese Government
and any other Power with reference to increase or abatement of imports,
export, and inland duties and the method of their payment.
Art. XXIX. — Same as Ger. Art. 25.
Art. XXX. — Same as Dan. Art. 44.
Art. XXXI.— Same as Dan. Art. 4f
Art. XXXIL— Same as Dan. Art. 33.
Art. XXXIIL— Same as Brit. Tn. Art. 49.
Art. XXXIV.— Same as Brit. Tn. Art. 52.
Art. XXXV.— Same as Brit. Tn, Art. 20.
Art. XXXVI.— Same as Ger. Art. 32.
Art. XXXVII.— Same as Dan. Art. 19.
Art. XXXVIIL— Same as Brit. Tn. Art. 17.
Art. XXXIX. — Chinese subjects who shall be guilty of any
unlawful act toward Austro-Hungarian subjects shall be arrested and
punished by the Chinese authorities; and Austro-Hungarian subjects
who shall be guilty of any unlawful act toward Chinese subjects shall
in like manner be apprehended and brought to justice by the Austro-
Hungarian authorities.
Art. XL. — Same as Dan. Art. 15, substituting "Articles XXXVIII
and XXXIX" for "Articles XVI and XVII" in the Danish text.
Art. XLI. — Same as Dan. Art. 18.
Art. XLII. — Same as Dan. Art- 22-
Art. XLIII. — Same as Ger. Art. 40, with following addition :
Chinese subjects proceeding to the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
to trade shall be treated on the footing of the most favoured nation.
Art. XLIV.— Same as Ital. Art. 26.
Art. XLV. — The stipulations contained in the foregoing articles
shall take effect after the ratification of the present Treaty by the two
contracting Parties.
The said ratifications shall be exchanged either at Shanghai or
at Tientsin within the space of one year, more or less, from the present
date.
In t estimony whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have here-
unto affixed their hands and seals.
[ 179 1
Done at Peking the second' day of September, in the year one 2nd September,
thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, corresponding to the twenty- iseo.
sixth day of the seventh moon of the year Xt Sze.
[L.S.]
Signatures
of Chinese
Plenipotentiaries
[L.S.]
Signature of
Austro-Hungarian
Plenipotentiary
[To the foregoing Treaty are appended a Tariff and rules identical
with those appended to the British Treaty of Tientsin.]
[ 180 [
JAPAN.
TREATY OF PEACE, COMMERCE, AND NAVIGATION
BETWEEN THE EMPIRES OF CHINA AND JAPAN.
Signed in the Chinese and Japanese Languages, at Tientsin,
13th September, 1871.
Ratified by the Emperor of China, September, i8ji.
Ratified by the Mikado of Japan, with modifications, ist Aovember, 187 1.
In order to avoid unnecessarily overloading the present volume,
the above Treaty has been omitted, as it has been superseded by the
Shimonoseki and Peking Treaties which here follow.
[ 181 1
TREATY OF PEACE BETWEEN JAPAN AND CHINA.
Signed at Shanghai (Bakan), Japan, on the jyth April, i8g5.
Ratifications exchanged at Chefoo, China, on the 8th May, i8g^.
His Majesty the Emperor of Japan, and His Majesty the Emperor
of China, desiring to restore the blessings of peace to their countries,
and subjects, and to remove all cause for future complications, have
named as their Plenipotentiaries for the purpose of concluding a Treaty
of Peace, that is to say:— fenSariea.
His Majesty the Emperor of Japan, Count Ito Hirobumi, Junii, '
Grand Cross of the Imperial Order of Paullownia, Minister^PresidentHirobumi.
of State, and Viscount Mutsu Munemitsu, Junii, First Class of the
Imperial Order of the Sacred Treasure, Minister of State for Foreign ^jj^^^^J^^"'""
Affairs ;
And His Majesty the Emperor of China, Li Hung-chang, Senior
Tutor to the Heir Apparent, Senior Grand Secretary of State, Minister ' ""^'"^ "''^'
Superinterident of Trade for the Northern Ports of China, Viceroy of
the Province of Chihli, and Earl of the First Rank, and Li Chihg-fong,
ex-Minister of the Diplomatic Service, of the Second Official Rank; ^' ching-fong.
Who, after having exchanged their full powers, which were found
to be in good and proper form, have agreed to the following Art:icles : —
Art. I. — China recognizes definitely the full and complete inde-
pendence and autonomy of Corea, and, in consequence, the payment of J,"'i''P™'^^"'=« "f
tribute and the performance of ceremonies and formalities by Corea to recognized.
China in derogation of such independence and autonomy shall wholly
cease for the future.
Art. II. — China cedes to Japan in perpetuity and full sovereignty
the following territories, together with all fortifications, arsenals, andj'o j"^7.°°'*°''
public property thereon: —
(a.) The southern portion of the Province of Feng-tien, within the
following boundaries: —
The line of demarcation begins at the month of the River Yalu, and
ascends that stream to the mouth of the River An-ping; from thence
the line runs to Feng-huang; from thence to Haicheng; from thence
to yiiig-kow, forming a line \yhich describes the southern portion of the
territory. The places aliove named are included in the ceded territory.
When the line reaches the River Liao at Ying-lco\y it follow? tlie course
of that stream to its ijjouth, where it terminates. The mid-chan))el of
the River Liao shall be taken as the line of demarcation.
This cession also includes all islands appertaining or belonging to
the Province of Feng-tien situated in the eastern portion of tlie Bay
of Liao-tung, and in the northern part of the Yellow Sea,
(b ) The Island of Formosa, together with all islands appertaining
or belonging to the said Isla;nd of Formosa.
(c.) The Pescadores Group, that is to say, all islands lying between
the 119th and 120th degrees of longitude east of Greenwich ,q.nd the
23rd and. 2.^th de|;r.^es of north latitude,
[ 182 ]
CoSSi^onto ^^'T- in.— The alignments of the frontiers described in the pre-
be appointed, ceding Article, and shown on the annexed map, shall be subject to
verification and demarcation of the spot by a Joint Commission of
Delimitation, consisting of two or more Japanese and two or more
Chinese Delegates, to be appointed immediately after the Exchange of
the ratifications of this Act. In case the boundaries laid down in
this Act are found to be defective at any point, either on account of
topography or in consideration of good administration, it shall also be
the duty of the Delimitation Commission to rectify the same.
The Delimitation Commission will enter upon its duties as soon as
possible, and will bring its labours to a conclusion within the period of
one year after appointment.
The ahgnments laid down in this Act shall, however, de maintained
until the rectifications of the Delimitation Commission, if any are made,
shall have received the approval of the Governments of Japan and
China.
w»r indemnity. ART. IV. — China agrees to pay to Japan as a war indemnity the
sum of 200,000,000 Kuping taels. The said sum to be paid in eight
instalments. The first instalment of 50,000,000 taels to be paid within
six months, and the second instalment of 50,000,000 taels to be paid
within twelve months after the exchange of the ratifications of this Act.
Theremaininingsum to be paid in six equal annual instalments asfollows:
the first of such equal annual instalments to be paid within two years,
the second within three years, the third within four years, the fourth
within five years, the fifth within six years, and the sixth within seven
years after the exchange of the ratifications of this Act. Interest at the
rate of 5 per cent, per annum shall begin to run on all unpaid portions
of the said indemnity from the date the first instalment falls due.
China shall, however, have the right to pay by anticipation at any
time any or all of said instalments. In case the whole amount of the
said indemnity is paid within three years after the exchange of the
ratifications of the present Act, all interest shall be waived, and the
interest for two years and-a-half, or for any less period if then already
paid, shall be included as a part of the principal amount of the
indemnity.
Ceded territory, Art. V. — The inhabitants of the territories ceded to Japan who
Stt'w*™*.."' wish to take up their residence outside the ceded districts shall be at
inhabitants: ,, , . i -, • t^ t . . ,
transferor liberty to Sell their real property and retire. For this purpose a period
onnosB. ^j- ^^^ years from the date of the exchange of the ratifications of the
present Act shall be granted. At the expiration of that period those
of the inhabitants who shall not have left such territories shall, at the
option of Japan, be deemed to be Japanese subjects.
Each of the two Governments shall, immediately uponthe exchange
of the ratifications of the present Act, send one or more Commissioners
to Formosa to effect a final transfer of that province, and within the
space of two months after the exchange of the ratifications of this Act
such transfer shall be completed.
Treaty of Art. VI. — All Treaties between Japan and China having come to
Commerce, etc. , . r ,^, . "^ ■ j. ^ i ,
to be at once an end in consequence of war, China engages, immediately upon the
favoured'nation exchange of the ratifications of this Act, to appoint Plenipotentiaries to
treatment to conclude with the Japanese Plenipotentiaries a Treaty of Commerce
meSime. 3"^ Navigation, and a Convention to regulate frontier intercourse and
trade. The Treaties, Conventions, and Regulations, now subsisting
between China and European Powers shall serve as a basis for the said
Treaty and Convention between Japan and China. From the date o
[ 183 ]
the exchanges of the ratifications of this Act until the said Treaty and
Convention are brought into actual operation the Japanese Government,
its officials, commerce, navigation, frontier intercourse and trade,
industries, ships and subjects, shall in every respect be accorded by
China most favoured-nation treatment.
China makes, in addition, the following concessions, to take effect
six months after the date of the present Act: —
ist. The following cities, towns, and ports, in addition to those Adiitionai
already opened, shall be opened to the trade, residence, industries, and ""' ^
manufactures of Japanese subjects under the same conditions, and with
the same privileges and facilities as exist at the present open cities,
towns, ar.d ports of China.
I. — Shahshih, in the Province of Hupeh.
2. — Chungking, in the Province of Szechuan.
3. — Suchow, in the Province of Kiangsu.
4. — Hangchow, in the Province of Chekiang.
The Japanese Government shall have the right to station Consuls
at any or all of the above-named places.
2nd. Steam navigation for vessels under the Japanese flag for the Further steam
conveyance of passengers and cargo shall be extended to the following n"%'atioii.
places : —
(i) On the Upper Yangtsze River, from Ichang to Chungking.
(2) On the Woosung Rtver, and the Canal, from Shanghai to
Suchow and Hangchow.
The Rules and Regulations which now govern the navigation of
the inland waters of China by foreign vessels, shall, so far as applicable,
be enforced in respect of the above-named routes, until new Rules and
Regulations are conjointly agreed to.
3rd. Japanese subjects purchasing goods or produce in the interioriRentorhireof
of China or transporting imported merchandize into the interior ofteSS^"" '"
China, shall have the right temporarily to rent or hire warehouses for the I
storage of the articles so purchased or transported, without the payment i
of any taxes or exactions whatever.
4th Japanese subjects shall be free to engage in all kinds of manu- Manufaciuriiis!
facturing industries in all the ogen cities, towns, and ports of China, and ™''"s*™s.
shall be at liberty to import into China all kinds of machinery, paying
only the stipulated import duties thereon.
All articles manufactured by Japanese subjects in China, shall in Taxation and
respect of inland transit and internal taxes, duties, charges, and exactions j^f^ije"' ™*
of all kinds and also in respect of warehousing and storage facilities
in. the interior of China, stand upon the same footing and enjoy the
same privileges and exemptions as merchandize imported by Japanese
subjects into China.
In the event additional Rules and Regulations are necessary in .
connection with these concessions, they shall be embodied in the Treaty
of Commerce and Navigation provided for by this Article.
Art. VII. — Subject to provisions of the next succeeding Article, japan to
the evacuation of China by the armies of Japan, shall be completely f^^,';'''
effected within three months after the exchange of the ratification of
the present Act.
Art. VIII.— As a guarantee of the faithful performance of the J;^^'™^^^ ^,
stipulations of this Act, China consents to the temporory occupation guarmteeof
by the military forces of Japan of Wei-hai-wei in the Province of '*'-'^'-"'":
Shantung.
[l 18* 1
Prisoners of
War, stc.
Cessation of
hostilities.
Batiti cation
provided for.
Signed April
17th, 1895.
Upon the payment of the first two instalments of the war indemnity
herein stipulated for and the exchange of the ratifications of the Treaty
of Commerce nnd Navigation, the said place shall be evacuated by the
Japanese forces, provided the Chinese Government consents to pledge,
under suitable and sufficient arrangements, the Customs Revenue of
China as security for the payment of the principal and interest of the
remaining instalments of said indemnity. In the event no such arrange-
ments are concluded, such evacuation shall only take place upon the
payment of the final instalment of said indemnity.
It is, however, expressly understood that no such evacuation shall
take place until after the exchange of the ratifications of the Treaty of
Commerce and Navigation.
Art. IX. — Immediately upon the exchange of the ratifications of
this Act, all prisoners of war then held shall be restored, and China
undertakes not to ill-treat or punish prisoners of war so restored to her
by Japanese. China also engages to at once release all Japanese subjects
accused of being military spies or charged with any other military
offences. China funher engages not to punish in any manner, nor to
allow to be punished, those Chinese subjects who have in any. manner
been compromised in their relations with the Japanese army during
the war.
Art. X. — All offensive military operations shall cease upon the
exchange of the ratifications of this Act.
Art. XI. — The present Act shall be ratified by their Majestic the
Emperor of Japan and the Emperor of China, and the ratifications
shall be exchanged at Chefoo on the 8th day of the 5th month of the
28th year of Meiji, corresponding to 14th day of the 4th month of 21st
year of Kuang Hsij (8th May, 1895).
In witness whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed
the same and have affixed thereto the seal of their arms.
Done at Shimonoseki, in duplicate, this 17th day if the 4th month
of the 28th year of Meiji, corresponding to 23rd of the ^rd month
of the 2 1 St year of Kuang Hsii.
[L.S.] (Signed) Count ITO HIROBUMI,
Junii, Grand Cross of the Imperial Order of
Faullownia, Minister-President of State, Plenipo-
tentiary of His Majesty the Emperor of Japan.
[LS.] (Signed) Viscount MUTSU MUNEMITSU,
Junii, First Class of the Imperial Order of the
Sacred Treasure, Minister of State for Foreign
Affairs, Ple7iipotentiary of His Majesty the
Emperor of Japan.
[L.S.] (Signed) LI HUNG-CHANG,
Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the Emperor of
China, Senior Tutor to the Heir Apparent,
Senior Grand Secretary of State, , Minister
Superintendent of Trade for the Northern Ports
nf China, Viceroy of the Province of Chihli, and
Ea>l of the First Rank.
[L.S.] (Signed) I.I CHING-FONG,
Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the Emperor of
China, Ex-Minister of the Diplomaiic Service,
of the Second Official Rank.
r 185 ]
TREATY OF COMMERCE AND NAVIGATION BETWEEN
JAPAN AND CHINA.
Made at Peking on the 21st July, i8g6.
Ratified by the Mikado of Japan, on the 2gth September, i8g6.
Ratifications exchanged at Peking on the 20ih October, i8g6.
His Majesty the Emperor of Japan and His Majesty the Emperor
of China, having resolved, in pursuance of the provisions of Article VI
of the Treaty signed at Shimonoseki on the 17th day of the 4th month
of the 28th year of Meiji, corresponding to the 23rd day of the 3rd
month of the 21st year of Kuang Hsii, to conclude a Treaty of
Commerce and Navigation, have for that purpose, named as Their Snturfea
Plenipotentiaries, that is to say :
His Majesty the Emperor of Japan, Baron Hayashi Tadasu, Shosii, Baron HayasW.
Grand Cross of the Imperial Order of the Sacred Treasure, Grand Officer
of the Imperial Order of the Rising Sun, Minister Plenipotentiary and
Envoy Extraordinary ; and His Majesty the Emperor of China, Chang ciiangYin-huan.
Vin-huan, Minister of the Tsung-li Yamen, holding the rank of the
President of a Board and Senior Vice-President of the Board of Reveuue;
Who, after having communicated to each other Iheir full powers,
found to be in good and due form, have agreed upon and concluded
the following Articles :
Art. I. — There shall be perpetual peace and friendship between Amity and
His Majesty the Emperor of Japan and His Majesty the Emperor of protection. •
China, and between their respective subjects who shall enjoy equally in
the respective countries of the High Contracting Parties full and entire
protection for their persons and property.
Art. II. — It is agreed by the High Contracting Parties that His Diplomatic
Majesty the Emperor of Japan may, if he see fit, accredit a Diplomatic ■^^''"'Ifj*'' ^^
Agent to the Court of Peking and His Majesty the Emperor of China
may, if he see fit, accredit a Diplomatic Agent to the Court of Tokio.
The Diplomatic Agents thus accredited shall respectively enjoy all
the prerogatives, privileges and immunities accorded by international
law to such Agents and they shall also in all respects be entitled to the
treatment extended to similar Agents of the most favoured nation.
Their persons, families, suites, establishments, residences, and
correspondence shall be held inviolable. They shall be at liberty to
select and appoint their own ofiScers, couriers, interpreters, and servants
and attendants without any kind of molestation.
Art. III. — His Majesty the Emperor of Japan may appoint Consular
Consuls-General, Consuls, Vice-Consuls and Consular Agents to reside "^SeT^ ^
at such of the ports, cities and towns of China which are now or may
hereafter be opened to foreign residence and trade, as the interests of
the Empire of Japan may require.
These officers shall be treated with due respect by the Chinese
Authorities, and they shall enjoyallthe attributes, authority, jurisdiction,
privileges and immunities, which are or may hereafter be extended to
similar officers of the nation most favoured in these respects.
His Majesty the Emperor of China may Hkewise appoint Consuls-
General, Cousuls, Vice-Consuls and Consular Agents to reside at any or
all of those places in Japan where Consular Officers of other nations are
[ 186 ]
Japanese
subjects may
reside and
trade at all
treaty places.
Most favoured
nation
treatment
Japanese vessels
may touch at
Ports of call on
Yangtsze,
Clandestine
■trade
prohibited
Travel in
Interior under ,
passport
Time limit to
passport
Port-Environs
free for travel
Engagement of
Chinese
subjects
Engagement of
boats
now or mayhereafterbe admitted, and, saving in the matter of jurisdiction
in respect of Chinese subjects and property in Japa,n which is reserved
to the Japanese Judicial Courts, they shall enjoy the rights and privileges
that are usually accorded to such officers.
Art. IV. — Japanese subjects may, with their families, employes
and servants, frequent, reside and carry on trade, industries and
manufactures or pursue any other lawful avocations, in all the ports,
cities and towns of China, which are now or may hereafter be opened to
foreig'i residence and trade. They are at Hberty to proceed to or from
any of the open ports with their merchandise and effects, and within the
localities at those places which have already been or may hereafter be
set apart for the use and occupation of foreigners, they are allowed to
rent or purchase houses, rent or lease land and to build churches,
cemeteries and hospitals, enjoying in all respects the same privileges and
immunities as are now or may hereafter be granted to the subjects or
citizens of the most favoured nation.
Art. V. — Japanese vessels may touch, for the purpose of landing
and shipping passengeis and merchandise, in accordance with the
existing Rules and Regulations concerning foreign trade there, at all
those places in Chin.a which are now pons of call, name:ly, Nganching,
Tatung, Hukow, Wusueh, Luchikow and Woosung, and such other
places as may hereafter be made ports of call also. If any vessel should
unlawfully enter ports other than open ports and ports of call in China,
or carry on clandestine trade along the coast or rivers, the vessel with
her cargo shall be subject to confiscation by the Chinese Government.
Art. VI. — Japanese subjects may travel, for their pleasure or for
purposes of trade, to all parts of the interior of China, under passports
issued by Japanese Consuls and countersigned by the Local Authorities
These passports, if demanded, must be produced for examination in the
localities passed through If the passports be not irregular, the bearers
will be allowed to proceed and no opposition shall be offered to their
hiring of persons, animals, carts or vessels for their own conveyance or
for the carriage of their personal effects or merchandise. If they be
[Without passports or if they commit any offence against the law, they
hall be handed over to the nearest Consul for punishment, but they
jhall only be subject to necessary restrniiit and in no case to ill-usage,
uch passports shall remain in force lur a period of thirteen Chinese
months from the date of issue. Any Japanese subjects travelling in the
interior without a passport shall be liable to a fine not exceeding Tls.
300. Japanese subjects may, however, without passports go on excursions
from any of the ports open to trade, to a distance not exceeding 100
Chinese // and for a period not exceeding five days. The provisions of
this Article do not apply to crews of ships.
Art. VII. — Japanese subjects residing in the open ports of China,
may take into their service Chinese subjects and employ them in any
lawful capacity without restraint or hindrance from the Chinese Govern-
ment or Authorities.
Art. VIII. — Japanesesubjects may hire whatever boats theyplease
for conveyance of cargo or passengers and the sum to be paid for
such boats shall be settled between the parties themselves, without the
interference of the Chinese Government or officers. No limit shall be
put npon the numbers of boats, neither shall a monopoly, in respect
either of boat or of the porters or coolies engaged in carrying goods,
be granted to any parties. If any smuggling takes place in them the
offenders will of course be punished according to law.
!
[ 187 1
Art. IX, — The Tariffs and Tariff Rules now in force between Bxisting Tariff
China and the Western Powers shall be apphcable to all articles updn betw^en^cwna
importation into China by Japanese subjects or from Japan, or upon ™d western
exportation from China by Japanese subjects or to Japan. It is clearly appifoabie for
understood that all articles, the importation or exportation of which is su^?™*"*
not expressly limited or prohibited by the Tariffs and Tariff Rules ™ '"'''"'
. existing between China and the Western Powers, may be -freely imported
into and exported from China, subject only to the payment of the
stipulated import or export duties. But in no case shall Japanese
subjects be called upon to pay in China other or higher import or
export duties than are or may be paid by the subjects or citizens of the
most favoured nation ; nor shall any article imported into China from
Japan or exported from China tp Japan be charged upon such
importation or exportation, other or higher duties than 'are now or may
hereafter be imposed in China on the like article when imported from
or exported, to the nation most favoured in those respects.
Art. X, — All articles duly imported into China by Japanese imported
subjects or from Japan shall, while being transported, subject to the ^ramitu'aut
existing Regulations, from one open port to another, be wholly exempt treatment.
from all taxes, imposts, duties, likin, charges and exactions of every
nature and kind whatsoever, irrespective of the nationality of the owner
or possessor of the articles, or the nationality of the conveyance or
vessel'in which the transportation is made.
Art. XI. — It shall be at the option of any Japanese subject Transit Dues
desiring to convey duly imported articles to an inland market, to clear °'^ ""Ports,
his goods of all transit duties by payment of a commutation transit tax
or duty, equal to one-half of the import duty' in respect of dutiable
articles, and two and a half per cent upon the value in respect of duty-
free articles, and on payment thereof a certificate shall be issued which
shall exempt the goods from all further inland charges whatsoever.
It is understood that this Article does not apply to imported
Opium.
Art. XII. — All Chinese goods and produce purchased by Transit Dues
Japanese subjects in China elsewhere than at an open port thereof and n°oducef
intended for export abroad, shall in every part of China be freed from interior for
all taxes, imposts, duties, hkin, charges and exactions of every nature and tfmeUmit.
kind whatsoever, saving only export duties when exported, upon the
payment of a commutation transit tax or duty calculated at the rate men-
tioned in the last preceding aiticle, substituting export duty for import
duty, provided such goods and produce are actually exported to a foreign
country within the period of twelve months from the date of the payment
of the transit.tax. All Chine^se goods and produce purchased by Japanese
subjects at the open ports of China .and of which export to foreign
countries is not prohibited, shall be exempt from all internal taxes,
imposts, duties, likin, charges and exactions of every nature and kind
whatsoever, saving only export duties upon exportation, and all articles
purchased by Japanese subjects in any part of China, may also, for the
purposes of export abroad, be transported from open port to open port
subject to the existing Rules and Regulations..
Art. XIII. — Merchandise of a bona fide foreign ' origin, in respect Be-exports
of which full import duty shall have been paid, may at any time within drawbacks
three years from the date of importation be re-exported from China by time limit."
Japanese subjects to any foreign country, without the payment of the
export duty, and the re-exporters shall, in.addition, be entitled forthwith
to receive from the Chinese- Customs drawback certificates for the
amount of import duty paid thereon, provided that the merchandise
[ 188
Bonded
Warehouses.
Tonnage Dues,
Pilots.
Vessels may
enter any
harbour
through stress
of veather.
Wrecks.
Preventive
service.
Piracy.
remains intact and unchanged in its original packages. Such drawback
certificates shall be immediately redeemable in ready money by the
Chinese Customs Authorities at the option of the holders thereof.
Art, XIV. — The Chinese Government consents totheestablishment
of Bonded Warehouses at the several open ports of China. Regulations
on the subject shall be made hereafter.
Art. XV. — Japanese merchant vessels of more than 150 tons
burden, entering the open ports of China, shall be charged tonnage dues
at the rate of 4 mace per registered ton; if of 150 tons and under, they
shall be charged at the rate of 1 mace per registered ton. But any such
vessel taking its departure within 48 hours af^r arrival, without breaking
bulk, shall be exempt from the 'payment of tonnage dues.
Japanese vessels having paid the above specilied tonnage due shall
thereafter be exempt from all tonnage dues in all the opens ports of call
of China, for the period of four months from the date of clearance from
the port where the payment of such tonnage dues is made. Japanese
vessels shall not, however, he required to pay tonnage dues for the period
duriug which they are actually undergoing repairs in China.
No tonnage dues shall be payable on small vessels and boats
employed by Japanese subjects in the conveyance of passengers, baggage,
letters, or duty-free articles between any of the open ports of China. x^U
small vessels and cargo boats, however, conveying merchandise which
is, at the time of such conveying, subject to duty, shall pay tonnage
dues once in four months at the rate of i mace per ton.
No fee charges, other than tonnage dues, shall be levied upon
Japanese vessels and boats, and it is also understood that such vessels
and boats shall not be required to pay other or higher tonnage dues
than the vessels and boats of the most favoured nation.
Art. XVI. — Any Japanese merchant vessel arriving at an open
port of China, shall be at liberty to engage the services of a pilot to lake
■her into port. In like manner, after she has discharged all legal dues
and duties and is ready to take her departure, she shall be allowed to
employ a pilot to take her out of port.
Art. XVII. — Japanese merchant vessels compelled on account
of injury sustained- or any other cause, to seek a place of refuge, shall be
permitted to enter any nearest port of China, without being subject to
the payment of tonnage dues or duties upon goods landed in order that
repairs to the vessel may be effected, provided the goods so landed
remain under the supervision of the Customs Authorities. Should any
such vessel be stranded or wrecked on the coast of China, the Chinese
Authorities shall immediately adopt measures for securing the vessel
and cargo. The persons thus saved shall receive friendly treatment,
and, if necessary, shall be furnished with means of conveyance to the
nearest Consular station. Should any Chinese merchant vessel be
compelled on account of injury sustained or any other cause to seek a
place of refuge in the nearest port of Japan, she shall likewise be treated
in the same way by the Japanese Authorities.
Art. XVIII. — The Chinese Authorities at the several open ports
shall adopt such means as they judge most proper to prevent the revenue
suffering from fraud or smuggling.
Art. XIX. — If any Japanese vessel be plundered by Chinese
robbers or pirates, it shall be the duty of the Chinese Authorities to use
every endeavour to capture and punish the said robbers or pirates and
to recover and restore the stolen property.
Art. XX. — Jurisdiction over the persons and property of Japanese
Wese
subjects in China is reserved exclusively to the duly authorised t§i|,^under
Japanese Authorities, who shall hear and determine all cases brought jurisdictions of
against Japanese subjects or property by Japanese subjects or by the °™<^°"™'''-
subjects or citizens of any other Power, without intervention of the
Chinese Authorities.
Art. XXL— If the Chinese Authorities or a Chinese subject make civii cases heard
any charge or complaint of a civil nature against Japanese subjects or dlt?^nvf
in respect of Japanese property in China, the case shall be heard and nationality,
decided by the Japanese Authorities. In like manner all charges and
complaints of a civil nature brought by Japanese Authorities or subjects
in China against Chinese subjects or in respect of Chinese property,
shall be heard and determined by the Chinese Authorities.
Art. XXII. — Japanese subjects charged with the commission of criminals to bo
any crimes or offences in China shall be tried and, if found guilty, own OfflciaL
punished by the Japanese Authorities according to the laws of Japan.
In like manner Chinese subjects charged with the commission of
crimes or offences against Japanese subjects in China shall be tried and,
if found guilty, punished by the Chinese Authorities according to the
laws of China.
Art. XXIII. — Should any Chinese subject fail to discharge debts Absconding
incurred to a Japanese subject or should he fraudulently abscond, '^'''''°'^-
the Chinese Authorities will do their utmost to effect his arrest, and
enforce recovery of the debts. The Japanese Authorities will likewise
do their utmost.to bring to justice any Japanese subject who fraudulently
absconds or fails to discharge debts incurred by him to a Chinese subject.
Art. XXIV, — If Japanese subjects in China who have committed Japanese
offences or have failed to discharge debts and fraudulently abscond, ^aktagVfuge in
should flee to the interior of China or take refuge in houses occupied by Chinese houses
Chinese subjects or on board of Chinese ships, the Chinese Authorities up and i;!™"
shall, at the request of the Japanese Consul, deliver them to the Japanese "*''*'*•
Authorities.
In like manner if Chinese subjects in China who have committed
offences or have failed to discharge debts and fraudulently abscond,
should take refuge in houses occupied by Japanese subjects in China or
on board of Japanese ships in Chinese waters they shall be delivered up
at the request of the Chinese Authorities made to the Japanese
Authorities.
Art. XXV. — The Japanese Government and its subjects are ^f^t^onj^'''
hereby confirmed in all privileges, immunities and advantages conferred confirmed:
on them by the Treaty stipulations between Japan and China which are treatment"*"™
now in force ; and it is hereby expressly stipulated that the Japanese conceded.
Government and its subjects will be allowed free and equal participation
in all privileges, immunities and advantages that may have been or may
be hereafter granted by His Majesty the Emperor of China to the
government or subjects of any other nation.
Art. XXVI. — It is agreed that either of the High Contracting Tariff revision.
Parties may demand a revision of the Tariffs and of the Commercial
Articles of this Treaty at the end of ten years from the date of the
exchange of the ratifications ; but if no such demand be made on either
side and no such revision be effected within six months after the end of
first ten years then the Treaty and Tariffs, in their present form, shall
remain in force for ten years more, reckoned from the end of the
preceding ten years, and so it shall be at the end of each successive
period of ten years.
[ 190 ]
Further Bales
to be drawn up
to give eSeot to
this Treaty.
English text of
Treaty to rule.
Ratifications.
Peking, 21 st
July, 1896.
Art, XXVII.— The High Contracting Parties will agree upon
Rules and Regulations necessary to give full effect to this Treaty
Until such Rules and Regulations are brought into actual operation
the Arrangements, Rules and Regulations subsisting between China and
the Western Powers, so far as they are applicable and not inconsistent
with the provisions of this Treaty, shall he binding between the
Contracting Parties.
Art. XXVIII. — The present Treaty is signed in the Japanese,
Chinese, and English languages. In order, however, to prevent future
discussions, the Plenipotentiaries of the High Contracting Parties have
agreed that in case oT any divergence in the interpretation between the
Japanese and Chinese texts of the Treaty, the difference shall be settled
by reference to the English text.
Art. XXIX. — The present Treaty shall be ratified by His Majesty
the Enaperor of China and His Majesty the Emperor of Japan, and the
ratification thereof shall be exchanged at Peking not later than three
months from the present date.
In Witness whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed
the same and have affixed thereto the seal of their arms.
Done at Peking this 21st day of the 7th month of the 29th year of
Meiji, corresponding to the nth day of the 6th month of the 22nd year
of Kuang Hsii (July 21st, 1896).
L.S.
L.S.
(Signed) HAYASHI TADASU.
(Signed) CHANG YIN-HUAN.
[ 191 ]
THE FOLLOWING PROTOCOL AGREED UPON BETWEEN
JAPAN AND CHINA IN REGARD TO JAPANESE
SETTLEMENTS AT THE OPEN PORTS OF CHINA,
AND OTHER MATTERS, IS PUBLISHED IN THE
OFFICIAL GAZETTE OF ioth NOVEMBER, 1896.
Baron Hayashi Tadasu, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleni-
potentiary of His Majesty the Emperor of Japan and the Minister of
Foreign Affairs of His Majesty the Emperor of China have agreed upon
the following stipulations supplementary to the Treaty of Commerce
and Navigation: —
Art. I. — It is agreed by the Contracting Parties that Settlements
exclusively for the use of the Japanese shall be provided at each open
port of China, the Japanese Consul having full coutrel over the roads
and police affairs in such Settlements.
Art. II. — It is agreed that all matters relating to steamers and
other boats of foreign merchants and the persons engaged in the said
boats, referred to in the Regulations for Trade of Foreign merchants
between the three places of Su, Hang and Hu, issued by the Shanghai
Customs on the 3rd day of the 8th month of the 22nd year of Kuang
Sii, shall be determined upon consultation with the Japanese authorities;
and that the Yangtze Trade Regulations shall be applied as far as
practicable until such provisions shall have been adopted.
Art. III. — The Japanese Government agrees that the Chinese
Government may impose such tax as it may see fit on the articles
manufactured by Japanese subjects in China, provided that such tax
shall neither be other than that payable by the Chinese subjects, nor
higher. The Chinese Government agrees to allow Settlements to be
established without delay for the exclusive use of Japanese at Shanghai,
Tientsin, Amoy and Hankow, upon the demand of the Japanese
Government.
Art. IV. — The Chinese Government agrees to instruct the
Governor-General of Shantung that the Chinese army shall neither
approach nor occupy any place within an area of five Japanese ri, or
about forty Chinese li, measured from the boundary of the district
occupied by the Japanese army in accordance with the Treaties between
the two countries.
Done, in duplicate, in the Japanese and Chinese languages, and
carefully compared, signed and sealed, a copy being kept by each of the
signatories.
[L.S.] (Signed) HAYASHI TADASU.
[L.S.] (Signed) PRINCE KUNG.
[L.S.] (Signed) YIN LU.
[L.S.] (Signed) CHANG YIN-HUAN.
19th day, loth month, 29th year of Meiji.
13th day, 9th month, 22nd year of Kwang Sii (19th Oct., 1896;.
it im ,1
PERU.
CONVENTION AND TREATY BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC •
OF PERU AND THE EMPEROR OF CHINA.
Signed^ in the Spanish, E?tglish^ and Chinese Languages, at Tientsin,
26th June, i8js.
Ratification exchanged at Tientsin, '^th August^ i8j§.
Cant. A. Garcia
y Garcia.
Li Hang-chang
A Treaty shall
be concluded,
and Chinese
Commission
shall be sent to
Peru
to investigate
the condition
of Chinese
immigrants.
Peruvian
Government
will assist the
Commission.
Commission to
communicate
cases of ill*
treatment of
immigrants to
local authorities.
CONVENTION.
Special Agreement between Peru and China.
The undersigned, Aurelio Garcia y Garcia, Post-Captain in the
Peruvian Navy, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of
the Republic of Peru for the Ernpires of China and Japan ; and
Li, Minister Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the. Emperor of China
Imperial Commissioner, Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent, Grand
Secretary, a President of the Board of War, Governor-General of the
Province of Chihli, and invested with the dignity of the second order
of nobility J
Have concluded the following Special Agreement :—
Inasmucli as, at present, Chinese are known to be residing in ,great
numbers within the territory of Peru, and in view of the representations
that have been made to the effect that some of these are suffering
grievances, now then the respective Plenipotentiaries, being desirous of
establishing amicable relations between the two countries, agree, on the
one hand, that aTreaty of Friendship Commerce, and Mutual Intercourse
shall be concluded, and on the other, that with the view of establishing
a thorough friendly understanding, the Chinese Government shall send
a Commission to Peru.
The said Commission shall institute a thorough investigation into
the condition of Chinese immigrants in all parts of Peru, to whom
they shall make known the subjects in view by means of public
notifications.
The Government of Peru, on their side, will give the fullest
possible assistance to the Commission in the fulfilment of its (Juties,
and will treat it with all due courtesy.
On the arrival of the Commission in Peru, the PeruvianGovernment
will order all local or provincial authorities to give to the Commission
all the assistance in their power, for the performance of its duties.
In c^se it should be ascertained that Chinese immigrants whose
contracts have not .expired, be their numbers ,what they may, are
actually suffering ill-treatment, it is now agreed that the Commission
shall communicate the particulars concerning them to the local
authorities. In case the employers of such Chinese immigrants decline
to acknowledge the ill-treatment, the local authorities shall thqn send
the complaints in question before the tribunals for judicial inquiry and
decision.
[ ^ f
It tlie itnrnigrants in any case fee dissatisfied with the decision of Jj",™'|i™pp,.ai.
the primary Judge, it shall be open to the aggrieved parties forthwith to
appeal to the higher Courts of Justice of Peru, for further investigation.
The Chinese immigrants will be placed on a footing of equality as ie'OTan'Bquaiity
regards legal .procedure with that enjoyed by the subjects of the most as regards legai
^■^ ^ » M-.- '''•.,■.■.■_-,■ •' •' ■' •* procedure with
lavored nation residmg m Peru. the subjects of
other nations,
Frpm th^ date^of the ratification of this special agreement by the iSferants'to
Peruvian Government, the said Government will compel the employers provide return
of Chinese immigrants whose contracts have expired, and in, which it if st^fuiated i™
may have been stipulated that they shall be sent back to China, to contracts.
provide them with passage back to their native country, if they be
desirous of returning, to China. ,
, In the case of Chinese immigrants in whose contracts no stipulation Peruvian
is .made, for the return passage on the expiry of the. contracts, and to°provide"
provided that the itnrnigrants shall express a wish to return to China, '"I'^sf^ntr^ota
but shall be witho,ut the means of providing their own passage, the there is no such
Peruvian Government will cause them to be repatriated gratuitously, in retSJlTpassage'''
the ships which leave Peru for China.
The present agreement is written and signed in six copies-, viz., two
in Spanish, two in Chinese, and two in English. All these versions
have the same meaning and intention.
The present Agreement shall be ratified by His Excellency the Exchange of
_ ' 1 v *^^ . T^ ,1- r-r. > 1 • 11 ., -h, ■ ratification.
President of the Republic of Peru, after being approved by the Peruvian
Congress, and by His Hajesty the Emperor of China; and the ratifica-
tions shall be exchanged at Shanghai or Tientsin.
In token whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed and
sealed this Agreenient. .
Done at Tientsin, this twenty-sixth day of the month of June in jjfne^^jgj^i'*
the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy-four,
corresponding to the CJfiines^e date thirteenth day of the fifth moon of
the thirteenth year of Tung-Chi.
fL.S.} (Signed) AURELIO GARCIA v GARCIA.
[L.S.J (Signed) LI HUNG-CHANG.
TREATY.
His Excellency the President of the Republic of Peru and His
Majesty the Emperor of China, being sincerely desirous to establish
friendly relations. between the two countries, have resolved to confirm
the same by a Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation with
the view of laying the foundations of mutual intercourse ; and for that pi^.jj
purpose^ have named as their Plenipotentiaries, that is to say : teutiaries.
His Excellency the President of Peru, Don Aurelio Garcia y capt. a. Garcia
Garcia, a Post-Captain in the' Peruvian Navy, Envoy Extraordinary ^ °*'™-
and Minister Plenipotentiary of that Republic for the Empires of China
and Japan ; and
His. Majesty the Emperor of China, Li, Minister Plenipotentiary, li Hung-chang.
Imperial Commissioner, Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent, Grand
Secretary, a President of the Board of War, Governor-General of the
Province of Chih-li, and invested with the dignity of the second order
of nobility 5-
Who, after having, examined and exchanged their respective full
powers, have" together agreed upon the following Treaty for the
M
[ 194. }
benefit and protection of the merchants and people of the two
countries : —
feedprocity of Art. I. — There shall be peace and friendship between the
prSir"'* Republic of Peru and His Majesty the Emperor of China. Their
respective citizens and subjects shall reciprocally enjoy in the territories
of the high contracting parties full and perfect protection to their
persons and property.
Di^?^Ttic Ai^T. II.— In order to facilitate friendly intercourse in future, His
Agent to China Excellency the President of Peru may, if he see fit, appoint a Diplomatic
^ekingrchSese Agent to the Court of Peking, and His Majesty the Emperor of China
A^entTo Peru '"^y' '" '''^^ manner, if he see fit, appoint a Diplomatic Agent to the
at Lima. Government of Peru.
His Majesty the Emperor of China hereby agrees that the
Diplomatic Agent so appointed by the Government of Peru, may, with
his family and the persons of his suite, permanently reside at Peking,
or may visit it occasionally, at the option of the Peruvian Government.
In like manner, the Diplomatic Agent of China may, witii his
family and the persons of his suite, permanently reside at Lima, or
may visit it occasionally, at the option of the Chinese Government.
AgOTtetX-oy ^^'^- III'— The Diplomatic Agent of each of the contracting
aiipriviiegesand parties shall, at their respective residences, enjoy all privileges and
immanities ■ •.• j j i ii_ u • i »■ i
accorded by immunities accorded to them by international usages,
international Art. IV. — The Government of Peru may appoint a Consul-
General, and for such open ports or cities of China, where it may be
ConsXrofflcers Considered most expedient for the interest of Peruvian commerce,
maybe Consuls, Vice-Consuls, or Consular Agents. These officers shall be
open'ports of ° treated with due respect by the Chinese authorities, and enjoy the same
Consuiar'^''™'*^ privileges and immunities as the Consular officers of the most favoured
officers to the nation .
porta of Peru. jjjg Majesty the Emperor of China may appoint a Consul-General,
Consuls, Vice-Consuls, or Consular Agents at any port or town of Peru
where Consular Officers of any other power are admitted to reside.
All of these officers shall enjoy the same rights and privileges as those
of the most favoured nation in Peru.
shaUnot°be^ It is further agreed that the appointment of the said Consular
resident Officers shall not be made in merchants residing in the locality.
Art. V. — Peruvian citizens are at liberty to travel for the pleasure,
Peruvian ^ . , . ,, ._,,.■' , ^ ,. . '
citizens may Or lor purposes of trade, in all parts of China, under express condition
in\™e fnterior'^^ °^ being provided with passports written in Spanish and Chinese, issued
with passports, in due form by the Consuls of Peru and vised bythe Chinese authorities.
within iMU^^ These passports, if demanded, must be produced for examination in the
wfth ° t™ '^"'^ localities passed through. If the passport be not irregular, the bearer
passports. will be allowed to proceed, and no opposition shall be offered to his
hiring persons, or hiring vessels or carts for the carriage of his baggage
or merchandise, and the said merchandise shall be conveyed in
accordance with the General Regulations of foreign trade.
If the traveller be without a passport, he shall be handed over to
the nearest Consul in order to enable him to procure one. The above
provision will in like manner be applicable to cases of a Peruvian
citizen committing any offence against the law of China. But he shall
in no case be subjected by the Chinese authorities to any kind of
ill-treatment or insult.
The citizens of Peru may go on excursions from the open ports or
cities to a distance not exceeding loo It, and for a period not exceeding
five days, without being provided with a passport.
,[ m ]
The above provisions do not apply to the crews of ships, who, Cro»s of shipa.
when on shore, shall be subject to the disciplinary regulations drawn up
by the Consul and the local authorities.
Chinese subjects shall have the liberty to travel at their pleasure Chinese
throughout the territory of Peru, as long as they behave peaceably, and in*plru?*
commit.no offence against the laws and regulations of the country.
Art. VI.— The Republic of Peru aud the Empire of China cordially may emi|rate™
recognize the inherent and inalienable right of man to change his home. *? 9h™a. an(}
r,,i " . . 1 I . . • 1 ^^ c T r Chinose subjects
I heir citizens and subjects respectively may consequently go freely from to Peru, ah
the one country to the other for the purpose of curiosity, trade, labour, ™^^o™nw°
or as permanent residents. The high contracting parties therefore agree
that the citizens and subjects of both countries shall only emigrate with
their free and voluntary consent ;and join in reprobating any other than
an entirely voluntary emigration for the said purpose, and every act of
violence or fraud that may be employed in Macao or the ports of China
to carry away Chinese subjects. The contracting parties likewise pledge
themselves to punish severely, according to their laws, their respective
citizens and subjects who may violate the present stipulations, and also
to proceed judicially against their respective ships that may be employed
in such unlawful operations, imposing the fines which for such cases are
established by their laws.
Art. VII. — It is further agreed, that for the better understanding Goromment
and more efficient protection of the Chinese subjects who reside in Peru, win appoint
the Peruvian Government will appoint official interpreters of the Chinese chiuese in the
language in the prefecture of the departments of Peru where the great |^^^'(,se"'"^ °'
centres of Chinese immigration exist. immigration.
Art. VIII. — The merchant ships belonging to Peruvian citizens ma^Sade^aiflii
shall be permitted to frequent all the ports of China open to foreign the open ports
trade, and to proceed to and fro at pleasure with their merchandise, cMnese ships at
enjoying the same rights and privileges as those of the most favoured porta of Pera.
nation.
In like manner, the merchant ships belonging to Chinese subjects,
may visit all the ports of Peru open to foreign commerce and trade in
them, enjoying the same rights and privileges which in Peru are granted
to the citizens or subjects of the most favoured nation. ^^^^ .^
Art. IX. — Peruvian citizens shall pay at the ports of China open citizens to pay
to foreign trade on all the goods imported or exported by them, the ^dby Tariff"but
duties enumerated in the tariff which is now in force for the i'egulation none other lihan
of foreign commerce; but they can, in no case, be called to pay higher naSon? °Duties
or other duties than those required now or in future of the citizens or on goods of
, . - , - P ,. Chinese subjects
subjects of the most favoured nation. in Peru the same
No other or higher duties shall be imposed in the ports of Peru on onthe^cj^erce
all goods imported or exported by Chinese subjects, than those which of other nations.
are or may be imposed in Peru on the commerce of the most favoured
Art. X. — The ship of war of each country respectively shall be at eitiwr country
liberty to visit all the ports within the territories of the other, to which ™(f^7J,f*h^^
the ships of war of other nations are or may be permitted to come, other, and enjoy ,
They shall enjoy every facility, and meet no obstacle in purchasing 'eattiig, etc.,
provisions, coals, procuring water, and making necessary repairs. Such ^'^^ shaii not
ships shall not be liable tp the payment of duties of any kind. ohinese'^^'
Art. XI. — Any Peruvian vessels, being from extraordinary causes ?"ueye'pera-ritn
■compelled to seek a place of refuge, shall be permitted to enter any ships wrecked or
Chinese port whatever, without being subject to the payment of
M 1
t is'e 1
seeking refuge on tohnd'ge dues or duties on the goods', if only landed' for the purpose of
Pera^ian"^'^' making the necessary repairs of the vessel, and remaining under the
authorities shall supervision of the Superintendent of Customs.
vesse™ wricked Should any such vessel be wrecked or stranded,_ the Chinese
or seeking refuge authorities shall immediately adopt measures for rescuing the crew,
p'eru.^ "^"^^ '" and for securing the vessel and cargo. The crew thus saved, shall
receive friendly treatment, and, if necessary, shall be furnished with the
means of conveyance to the nearest Consular station.
If any Chinese vessels be wrecked or compelled by stress of
weather to seek a place of refuge in the coasts of Peru, the local
maritime authorities shall render to them every assistance in their
power ; the goods and merchandise saved from the wreck shall not be
subject to duties, unless cleared for consumption ; and the ships shall
enjoy the same liberties which in equal cases are granted in Peru to
the ships of other nations.
Mode of setthng ART. XII. — Peruvian citizens in China having reason to complain
disputes between of a Chinese shall proceed at once to their Consular Officer and state"
Peruviancitizens , . , . . ^ mi .-■ i -ii ■ • • . ^i i j
and Chinese to him their grievance. The Consul will inquire into the case, and do
subjects. jjjg utmost to arrange it amicably.
In like manner, if a Chinese have reason to complain of a Peruvian
citizen in China, the Consular Officer shall listen to his complaint, and
endeavour to come to a friendly arrangement.
Should the Consular Officer not succeed in making such an
arrangement, then he shall request the assistance of the competent
Chinese Officer, that they may together decide the matter according to
the principles of equity.
Chinese Art. XIII. — Chinese subjects guilty of a criminal action towards
puSiihedby ^ Peruvian citizen in China shall be arrested and punished by the
Chinese Chinese laws.
Peru^an°^' Peruvian citizens in China, who may commit any crime against a
p^ravian '''' Chinese subject, shall be arrested and punished according to the laws
Consular ofBcer. of Peru, by the Peruvian Consular Officer.
Chinese Art. XIV. — All questions in regard to rights, whether of property
authorities shall or persoH, arising between Peruvian citizens in China, shall be subject
disputes'betwemi to the jurisdiction of the Peruvian authorities. Disputes between
'^' j'"'l% °' ^°™ citizens of Peru and those of other foreign nations shall be decided in
and other . . ...° t-» ii *-.'
• foreigners, China according to the treaties existing between Peru and those foreign
fnwWchChSe nations. In all cases, however, of Chinese subjects being concerned
subjects are jn the matter, the Chinese authorities may interfere in the proceeding
according to Articles XII and XIII of the Treaty.
Chinese subjects Art. XV. — Chinese subjects in Peru shall have free and open
have free aJLss access to the CoUrts of Justice of Peru for the prosecution and defence
to cmirts of of their just rights ; they shall enjoy in this respect the same rights and
shau'Sjoylihe privileges as native citizens, and shall also be treated in every way like
cto'enf °°'"™ ^^^ citizens and subjects of other countries resident in Peru.
Government ^RT. XVI. —The Contracting parties agree, that the Government,
public officers, public officers, and citizens of the Republic of Peru, shall fully and
p"m shaifer^oy equally participate in all privileges, rights, immunities, jurisdictions and
"raStid'to^^ advantages that may have been, or may be hereafter granted by His
subjects of other Majesty the Emperor of China, to the Government, public officers,
nations. citizens, or subjects of any other nation.
Chinese in Peru ■'■" ^^^^ manner, the Gpvernment, public officers, and subjects of ,
toe^oythe the Empire of China, shall enjoy in Peru all the rights, privileges,
most^favoured immunities and advantages of every kind which in Perii are enjoyed by
nation. the Government, public officers, citizens, or subjects]|of the most favoured
nation;
[ 197 1
Art. XVII. -^In order to prevent for the future any discussion, ^^I'^eMion
and considering that the English language, among all foreign languages, of the spaDish
is the most generally known in Chiria, this Treaty is Written in' the ™^„^^"of tjjjg
Spanish, Chinese and English languages, and signed in nine copies. Treaty may
three in each language. J^ll these versions have the same sense and shall be made
signification, but whenever the interpretation of the Spanish and Chinese ^^^^ English
versions may differ, then reference shall be made to the English text.
Art. XVIIL— If in future the high contracting parties desire a ™« t^^"*/ "^'y
,.^ . ^ ... . °, . ,.m. 1..,'"' revised after
modification of any stipulation contained in this Treaty, they shall be ten years from
at liberty, after the lapse of tein years, dated from the day of the ratiflcaffoii!
exchange of the ratifications of this Treaty, to open negotiations to that
effect. Six months before the expiration of the ten years, either of the
contracting parties may officially notify to the other that modifications
of the Treaty are desired, ^nd in what these consist. If no such
notification'is made, the Treaty remains in force for another ten years.
Art. XIX. — The present Treaty shall be ratified by His Excellency Exchange of
the President of Peru after being approved by the Peruvian Congress, shanghai or
and by His Majesty the Emperor of phipa ; an^d the ratifications shall Tientsin.
be exchanged at Shanghai or Tientsin as soon as possible. In token
whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed and sealed this
Treaty.
Done at Tientsin, this twenty-sixth day of the pionth of June in 26th June, i874,
the year of the Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, cor-
resppnding to the Chinese date the thirteenth d^^y of the fifth moon
of the. thirteenth year of Tung Chi.
[L.S.] .(Signed) AURELIO GARCIA Y GARCIA.
fL.S.] (Signed) LI HUNG-CHANG.
[ 198 ]
[Translated from the German Text.]
GERMANY.
SUPPLEMENTARY CONVENTION BETWEEN
GERMANY AND CHINA.
Signed at Peking, in the German and Chinese Languages, on the
31st March, 1880.
Ratified i6th September, 1881.
His Majesty the German Emperor, King of Prussia, etc., in the
name of the German Empire, and his Majesty the Emperor of China,
wishing to secure the more perfect execution of the Treaty of the 2nd
September, 1861, have, in conform.ity with Article XLI of that Treaty,
according to the terms of which the High Contracting German States
are entitled, after a period of ten years, to demand a revision of the
Treaty, decided to conclude a Supplementary Convention.
With this view they have appointed their Plenipotentiaries, viz..
His Majesty the German Emperor, King of Prussia, etc., his Envoy
Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Max August Scipio von
Brandt ; and His Majesty the Emperor of China, the Minister of the
Tsung-li Yamen, the Secretary of State, etc., Shen Kue-fen ; and the
Secretary of State, etc., Chin Lien ;
Who, after communicating to each other their full powers, and
finding them in due form, have agreed upon the following Articles : —
Art. I. — CHinese concession. — The harbours of Ichang, in Hupei;
Wuhu, in Anhui ; Wenchow in Chekiang ; and Pakhoi in Kwangtung,
and the landing-places Tat'ung and Anking in Anhui, Huk'ow in
Kiangsi, Wusueh, Luchikow and Shahshih in Hukuang, having already
been opened, German ships are in future also to be permitted to touch
at the harbour of Woosung in the province of Kiangsu, to take in or
discharge merchandise. The necessary Regulations are to be drawn
up by the Taotai of Shanghai and the competent authorities.
German concession. — In the event of special regulations for the
execution of concessions which the Chinese Government may make to
foreign Governments being attached to such concession, Germany,
while claiming these concessions for herself and for her subjects will
equally assent to the regulations attached to them.
Article XI of the Treaty of the 2nd September, i86r, is not affected
by this regulation, and is hereby expressly confirmed.
Should German subjects, on the strength of this article, claim
privileges, immunities, or advantages which the Chinese Government
may further concede to another Power, or the subject of such Power
they will also submit to the regulations which have been agreed upon
in counection with such concession.
[ 199 ^
Art. II. — Chinese concession. — German ships, which have already
paid tonnage dues in China, may visit all other open ports in China, as
well as all ports not Chinese, without exception, without being again
obliged to pay tonnage dues, within the given period of four months.
German sailing-vessels which remain in the same Chinese harbour
for a longer period than fourteen days shall only pay for time over and
above this period half of the tonnage dues stipulated by Treaty.
German concession. — The Chinese Government shall have the right
of appointing Consuls to all towns of Germany in which the Consuls of
other States are admitted, and they shall enjoy the same rights and
privileges as the Consuls of the most favoured nation.
Art. Ill, — Chinese concession. — The Chinese Commissioner of
Customs, and the oLher competent authorities, shall, after agreeing upon
the necessary regulations, themselves take measures for the establishment
of bonded warehouses in all the open ports of China in which they are
required in the interests of foreign commerce, and where local circum-
stances would admit of such an arrangement being made.
German concession. — German ships, visiting the open ports of
China, shall deliver a manifest containing an exact statement as to the
quality and quantity of their cargoes. Mistakes which may have
occurred in the manifests can be rectified in the course of twenty-four
hours (Sundays and holidays excepted). False statements as to the
quantity and quality of cargo are punishable by confiscation of the
goods and also by a fine to be imposed upon the captain, but not to
exceed the sum of Tls. 500.
Art. IV. — Chinese concession. — The export duty on Chinese coal,
exported by German merchants from the open ports, is reduced to three
mace per ton. In those ports in which a lower duty on the export of
coal has already being fixed upon, the lower duty remains in force.
German concession. — Any one acting as pilot for any kind of craft
whatever, without being furnished with the regulation certificate, is
liable to a fine not to exceed Tls. 100 for each separate case.
Regulations with a view to exercising a proper control over sailors
are to be introduced with the least possible delay.
Art. V. — Chinese concession. — German ships in want of repairs in
consequence of damages sustained within or without the port are not
required to pay tonnage dues during the period necessary for repairs,
which is to be fixed by the Inspectorate of Customs.
German concession. — Ships belonging to Chinese may not make use
of the German flag, nor may German ships make use of the Chinese
flag.
Art. VI. — Chinese concession. — In the event of German ships, no
longer fit for sea, being broken up in any open port of China, the
material may be sold without any import duty being levied upon it.
But if the materials are to be brought ashore a " permit of discharge "
must first be obtained for them from the Customs Inspectorate, in the
same manner as in the case of merchandise.
German concession,— li German subjects travel into the interior for
their own pleasure without being in possession of a passport issued by
the Consul and stamped by the proper Chinese authority, the local
authorities concerned are entitled to have them taken back to the
nearest German Consulate, in order that the requisite supervision may
be exercised over them. The offender is, in addition to this, liable to
a fine up to Tls. 300.
I m ]
Art. Vll.— Chinese ir(?«^««b«.— ]\Ia,tena|s jpr )fJerm?n 49clks are
free of duty! A list' of articles w^ich may tie imported fr^ of (}ut)r in
conformity with this stipulation is ^o be drawn up-and p\ibji.shed ^y tfie
Inspector General of Customs..
German concession — Passes issued to German su]bjects for convey-
ing foreign merchandise into thejnterior, as well as passports for t)^e
purpose of travelling issued to German subjects, are only to remain in
force for a period of thirteen Chinese months ^om t)ie day on which
they were issued.
Art. VIII.— The settlement of the question rekting to judicjal
proceedings in mixed cases, the taxation of foreign merchandise in the
interior, the taxation of Chinese goods in the possession of foreign
merchants in the interior, and intercourse between foreign and Chinese
officials are to become the subject of special riegotiatidn, which both
Governments hereby declare themselves ready to enter upon.
Art; IX. — All the provisions of the former Tireaty of the 2nd
September, 1861, which have riot been altered by this' agreement, are
hereby confirmed anew, as both parties how expressly d'eclare.
In the cases of those articles, on the 6ther hkndj'whffch are effected
by the present Treaty, the newinter'pretation of theVn iVtb be considered
as binding. ' ' ' "
Art. 'X. — The present Supplementary Convention shall be ratified
by their Majesties, and the ratifications exchanged at Peking,' within a
year from the date of its signature. '' ■' '• ' ' ' .1 ■■
The provisions of the agi'eement come into force on the day of the
exchange of the ratifications. '■ ; ■. 1 ; •;",'
In witness whereof the Plenipotentiaries of both the High Contract-
ing Powers have signed and sealed with their seals the abovte agreement
in four copies, in the German and Chinese texts, which have been
compaved and found to correspond. '
Done at Peking the 31st March, 1880, corresponding to tjie 21st
day of the second month of the sixth year of Kwang Sii.
L.S.
L.S.
L.S.
(Signed) M. von BRANDT.
(Sighed) SHEN KpE-F^i^.
■"■ '■ CHIN'G LIEN.
Special Stipulations to the Supplementary Convention.
For the sake of greater clearriess and cpmpleteriessi it has seemed
fitting to append a niimbferof special stipulations to tTieSiipplementary
Convention. ^ r> . ^ . . ■. .■; <,. > r-i f-, >; . .,.1; ,
The following stipulations must be observed by the subjects of
both the Contracting Parties, in the same wayas the^stipulations of the
Treaty itself. In proof whereof the Plenipofentiaries of the twb States
have hereto set their seals' and signatures:-^ '' ■ "' ' • ' '
I. — -In accordance with the' newly granted privileges for the port of
Woosung in the province of Kiangsu, Geiman ships sha'U be at Ifberty
to take in and to unload there merchandise which is either intended for
Shanghai or comes frOm Shanghai ; and for tbis purpose the competent
authorities tliere shall have the right of devising regulations in order to
prevent frauds on the taxes and irregularities of-every kind; which
regulations shall be binding for the merchants of both countries : German
merchants are not at liberty to construct janding-places for ships,
merchant houses, or warehouses at the said place, '
I m )
2.— A,p 9?i:p,epment fo 9.scertain wjiether bonde^ YfarebQuses can be
estaJDJished in tjie Chinese open ports sh£il] first be made at Slianghai.
For this purpose the Customs Director at the said place, with the
Customs Inspector General, shall forthwith draw up regulations Suitable
t9 tl;ie local conditions, and then the sale} Customs Director and his
colleagues shall proceed to the establishment of such bonded warehouse.
3.- — If any goods founcj on board a German ship, for the discliarge
wjiereof a written permit from the Customs Office is required, are not
entered in the manifest, this shall be taken as proof of a false manifest,
no matter whether a certificate of the reception of such goods on board,
bearing t)ie captain's signature, be produced or not.
4. — If a Qerman ship, in consequence of (Jarnages received in one
of the open Chinese ports or outside thereof, needs repair, the time
required for siich repair sliall be reckoned in addition to the term after
the lapsp o|' which tonnage-dues are to be paid. The Chinese authorities
have the righj: to make the necessary arrangements for this purpose.
!Put if it appears therefrom that this is only a pretext and a design to
evade the fegaj payments to the Customs chest, the ship therein
concerne'cl, shall be fined in double the amount of the tonnage-dues
whereof it fias tried to evade the payment.
5.^^ — No ships of any kind which belong tp Chinese subjects are
ajlowed to make use of the German flag. Jf there are definite grounds
tor suspicion that this has nevertheless been done, the Chinese authority
concerned is to address an official communication thereon to the German
Consu), and if it should be shown, in consequence of the investigation
instituted by him, that the ship was really not entitleii to bear the
German flag, the ship, as well as the goods found therein, so far as they
belong to Chinese merchants, shall be immediately delivered over to the
Chinese authorities for further disposal. If it be" ascertained that
German sufjjecds were aware of the circumstances, and took part inthe
coriimissibri of the irregularity, the whole of the goods belonging to
th.em fouu<^ in Jh^ ?hip are Hahje to confiscation, and the people them-
selves" to punishment according to law.
In case a Qermaii ship carries the Chinese flag without authority
to do so; tji5nvifit'l?6 ascertained through the investigation made by the
Chinese itlthorities' that the ship was really ndj "entitled to bear the
Chinese flag, the ship, ak \ve\\ as the goods found therein, so far as they
belong to German merchants, shall be immediately delivered over to the
German ,C.o^nsu} ^or furtjyer djsppsal and the punishment of the guilty.
If it be shown that German owners of gopds were aware of the
circumstance and t6blf''pa'rt in ftie com'mission "of this irregularity, all
the gooids beiongiag to thern fourid in the ship 'shall incur the penalty
of confiscation by the Chinese authorities. The goods belonging to
Chinese ma^be immediately seized by the Chinese authorities.
6.-^If, on thesilefof'the'rhaterials of a Gerrriari shi{) Which, from
unsearivbrthiriess',- has been brokers up in one df thfe dpen Chinese' ports,
an "attempt be rtiade to mix' up with thetn g'oods i)elo'rtging to the Cargo,
thes^e good's shall be liable toeonfisca'tron and, morfiov'er, fd a fine equal
to double the amoiiht of the irtipoft duty Which' they would otherwise
have' had tO" pay; ■ '" 1..-. .. ,; - > . .i
7.'— If 'GeiTflian subjects go into the interior with foreign goods, or
travel there, the passes or'cert'ificates issued' to 'them shall only h'e'Valid
for thirteen Chinese months, i-feckoned from the day of their i^sue, arid
after the lapse of that term must no longer be used. "The expirtid pas'ses
and certiorates must be reti^rnejj f9, ?fe? Cu?tP>ms authpritjes in wjiose
official district they "were issiued in prder to be cancelled.
[ 202 ]
N.B. — If a pleasure excursion be undertaken into regions so distant
that the term of a year appears insufficient, this must be noted on the
pass by reason of an understanding between the Consul and the Chinese
authority at the time it is issued.
If the return of the passport be omitted, no further pass shall be
issued to the person concerned until it has taken place. If the pass be
lost, no matter whether within the term or after its expiration, the person
concerned must forthwith make a formal declaration of the fact before
the nearest Chinese authority. The Chinese ofificial applied to will then
do what else may be necessary for the invalidation of the pass. If the
recorded declaration prove to be untrue,, in case the transport of
goods be concerned, they will be confiscated ; if the matter relate to
travelling, the traveller will be taken to the nearest Consul, and be
delivered up to him for punishment.
8. — Materials for German docks only enjoy, in so far as they are
actually employed for the repair of ships, the favour of duty-free
importation, in opan ports. The Customs authority has the right to
send inspectors to the dock to convince themselves on the spot as to
the manner and way in which the materials are being used. If the
construction of a new ship be concerned, the materials employed for
this, in so far as they are specially entered in the import or export tariff,
will be reckoned at, the tariff duty, and those not entered in the tariff
at a duty of 5 per cent ad valorem, and the merchant concerned will be
bound to pay this duly subsequently.
Any one who wishes to lay out a dock is to get from the Customs
Office a gratis Consession certificate, and to sign a written undertaking,
the purport and wording whereof is to be settled in due form by the
Customs office concerned.
9. — Article XXIX of the Treaty of the 2nd September, 1861,
shall be applicable to the fines established by this present Supplementary
Convention.
Done at Peking the 31st March, 1880, corresponding with the 21st
day of the and month of the 6th year of Kwang Sii.
L.S.
L.S.
L.S.
(Signed) M. von BRANDT.
(Signed) SHEN KUE-FEN.
(Signed) CHING LIEN.
The Prince of Kung and the Ministers of the Tsung-li
YAMflN TO HeRR von BraNDT.
Kwang Sii, 6th year, 2nd month, 21st day.
(Peking, March 31st, 1882.)
With regard to the stipulation contained in the second Article of
the Supplementary Convention concluded on occasion of the Treaty
revision, that German sailing-ships which lie for a longer time than
fourteen days in Chinese ports shall only pay for the time beyond that
term the moiety of the tonnage dues settled by Treaty, the Plenipo-
tentiaries of the two contracting parties have agreed and declared that
the said stipulation shall first of all be introduced by way of trial and
that in case on carrying it out practical difficulties should arise, another
stipulation may be put in its place on the basis of a renewed joint
discussion by both parties.
(Prince Kung and the Ministers of the Tsung-li YAMiN.)
[ 203 ]
Protocol.
The undersigned, who have been expressly empowered by their
Government to make the following arrangements, have agreed that the
term settled by the Plenipotentiaries of the German Empire and of
China in the Supplementary Convention concluded at Peking on the
31st March this year, for the exchange of the Ratification of the
Convention, shall be prolonged till the ist December, 1881.
The other stipulations of the Supplementary Convention of the
31st March, this year, are not affected by this alteration.
In witness whereof the undersigned have subscribed with their
own hands and affixed their seals to this Agreement, in two copies of
each of the German and Chinese texts, which have been compared
with each other and found to correspond.
Done at Peking the 21st August, 1880, corresponding with the
i6th day of the 7th month of the 6th year of Kwang Sii.
[LS.]
(Signed)
M. VON BRANDT.
[L.S.]
(Signed)
SHEN KUE-FEN.
[L.S.]
(Signed)
CHING LIEN.
[L.S.]
(Signed)
WANG NEEN-SHOU,
LL.S.]
(Signed)
LIN SHU.
[L.S.]
(Signed)
CHUNG LI.
[ 204 ]
[Translated from the Chinese Text.]
SPAIJ^
EMIGRATION CONVENTION BETWEEN SPAIN
AND CHINA.
Signed at Peking, in Spanish, French and Chinese Languages,
17th November, iSyj.
Ratified 6th December, 187S.
His Majesty the King of Spain and His Majesty the Emperor of
China, being very desirous of establishing on a new basis the Emigration
of Chinese subjects to the Island of Cuba, and in order to avoid any
further complication which might hereafter arise, have nominated for
their Plenipotentiaries, as follows:
His Majesty the Emperor of China, Their Excellencies Shen,
Mao, Tung, Ch'eng and Hsia, Members of the Tsung-li Yamen.
His Majesty the King of Spain, Don Carlos Antonio de Espafia,
His Minister Plenipotentiary to China, Annam, and Siam, Grand Cross
of the Royal Order of Isabella the Catholic, etc., etc., who have agreed
to all the articles which follow : — ■
Art. I. — The High Contracting Parties hereby agree that the
Emigration Article of loth October, 1864, becomes and is hereby
abrogated. Only the stipulation in the said article concerning the
delivery by the authorities of those who are claimed as deserters,
criminals, and accused one's remains in force.
Art. II. — The difficulties to which the application of the disposi-
tions of the Treaty of Tientsin regarding the emigration gave rise
having been dispersed, the two Governments renounce each for itself
every pecuniary indemnity.
Art. III. — It is agreed between the two High Contracting Parties
that the emigration of their respective subjects, whether accompanied
by their families or not, shall be in future free and voluntary; they
disapprove of every act of violence or trickery which might be com-
mitted in the ports of China or anywhere else for the purpose of
expatriating Chinese subjects against their will.
The two Governments engage themselves to pursue with all the
rigour of the laws any contravention of the preceding stipulation and
to impose penalities established by their respective legislatures upon
the persons and ships who may violate this stipulation.
The Government of His Majesty the King of Spain engages itself
to that of China to treat the Chinese subjects staying now in Cuba, or
who may come thereafter, on the same footing as the foreigners there
of the same category and subjects of the most favoured nation,
[ 205 ]
Art. IV.— The Government of His Majesty the Emperor of China
will authorize tfie departure of the emigrants of both sexes at their own
expense for the island of Cuba from all parts ef the Empire open to
foreign trade ; they engage themselves not to place any impediment to
thafree emigration of Chinese subjects and to forbid the authorities of
the said port, and principally the Customs Taotais, to raise difficulties,
be it either towards the freight or placement of the ships under any flag
whatever destined to the transport of Chinese passengers, or towards the
operations of the shipowners, or agents, provided always that they
conform themselves to the stipulations of the present Convention.
Art. V. — It is well understood that the Customs Taotais and the
Chinese Authorities of the open ports will have the right to inform
themselves whether the eniigration is effected according to the spirit and
the terms of the present convention.
The Customs Taotais will prepare printed passsports, with which
they will provide every emigrant who has decided to ship himself.
These passports have to be vised by the Consul of Spain in the port of
departure and will be handed over to the Chinese Consul by the
competent authorities of the island of Cuba -on the arrival of the ship
carryiipg emigrants.
The Customs Taotai of the port of departure of the ship carrying
ernigrants will moreover have the right to nominate Chinese delegates,
who, together with those chosen by the Consul of Spain, will go on
board of the ships ready for departure in order to ascertain that the
passengers embarked leave by their own free will and accord.
Those passengers who in the moment of departure are found not
carrying the necessary documents are to be landed at once. In any
case, on the arrival of a ship at her destination, when passengers are
found having no document, the Spanish Authorities can, in accord with
the Consuls of China, adopt such measures as they see fit for the
occasion.
In order that the visit of the delegates above-mentioned can take
place and have an effective result, the captain or shipowner will be
bound to declare in advance the hour of the departure of the ship.
It the captain of a ship which carries emigrants does not submit to
this condition and if he declares his intention of leaving previously to
the visit of the delegates, the Consul of Spain, after an oftcial
communication having been made to him to this effect, must refuse to
him the delivery of the ship's papers, and the ship will be detainedand
treated according to the laws of her country, until all the formalities
prescribed by the present Convention have been duly complied with.
Art. VI.^The Government of His Majesty the Emperor of China
will nominate a Consul-General in Havana, and will have also the right
to nominate Consular Agents in all the towns where the Spanish
Government admit those of other nations.
It is well understood that these nominations will be made according
to the conditions agreed upon by common accord between the high
contracting parties.
The Spanish Government will grant to the Chinese Consuls the
same prerogatives as those which the Consuls of other nations residing
in Cuba enjoy.
The local authorities in Cuba will accord to the Consul-General as
well as to the Consuls and Vice-Consuls of China all the facilities
connected with the exercise of their functions for placing' theni in
communication ,with, their nationals an(i for. giving them the means of
aftbiriling protection to those who aire entitled to it.
[ 206 ]
Art. VII. — Chinese subjects can leave the island of Cuba whenever
they wish, provided that they are under judicial pursuance.
Moreover, in order to facilitate the free circulation and settlement
of the Chinese subjects in Cuba, and in order that they may enjoy the
rights which are given to them by Art. Ill of the Convention, the Spanish
Government, together with the Chinese Representative in Madrid or the
Authorities in Havana, together with the Consul-General of China, will
establish regulations, which, without deviating from the existing laws of
the public good order and peace or from those which might be established
in future, will grant to the Chinese subjects treatment equal to that of
foreigners of the same category and subjects of the most favoured Power.
The Spanish Authorities have besides to deliver to the Chinese
subjects a pass of circulation similar to those with which other foreigners
are furnished.
Art. VIII. — Chinese subjects will have the faculty to appeal to the
Spanish tribunals in order to defend or pursue their rights ; they will in
this respect enjoy the same rights and privileges as the subjects of the
most favoured nation.
Chinese subjects will have the faculty to be accompanied to the
tribunals by lawyers and interpreters, be they Spaniards or foreigners,
who according to the Spanish law, are qualified to be present at the
silting of the tribunals and who could be designated by the Chinese
Consuls residing on the island of Cuba.
The complaints which Chinese subjects actually residing on the
island of Cuba have to forward in regard to ill-treatment, which they
pretend to have suffered previously to the exchange of the ratifications
of (he present Convention, will be examined by the Spanish tribunals
and judged equitably in the same manner as it is the practice to do in
regard to the subjects of the most favoured nation.
Art. IX. — The Consul-General of China in Havana and the
competent authorities on the island of Cuba will establish, as speedily as
possible and in common accord, the regulations which the Chinese
emigrants actually residing in Cuba, and those who may hereafter arrive,
ought to observe in order to obtain a certificate stating their entry in the
register kept by the Chinese Consuls. The Chinese Consuls will deliver
to them a certificate of registration, which will be vtskd by the
Superintendent of Police, or any other competent authority in the
district, town, or plantation of the prefecture where the emigrant will
establish his residence.
The authorities of Cuba will communicate to the Chinese Consuls
all the information concerning the number and names of the Chinese
subjects in the different localities of the island and will enable them to
obtain the means to personally ascertain the state of the Chinese engaged
as labourers on the plantations.
Art. X. — Ships of whatever nation wishing to carry Chinese
emigrants must, besides conforming themselves to the stipulations of
the present Convention also submit themselves to the regulations of
their country regarding the carrying of passengers, of provisions, and
health.
It they do not obey these two conditions they shall then not be
allowed to carry emigrants.
Art. XI. — The Government of His Majesty the King of Spain
desiring to give to the Government of His Majesty the Emperor of
China a proof of friendship and good will, engages itself to send home
[; 207 ],
at its own expense as soon as the present Convention shall be ratified,
those Chinese who actually can be found on the island of Cuba, who
formerly made in China literary studies their vocation, also those who
had an_ official rank, and individuals who belong to families of these
categories. Their repatriation will be effected according to the inform-
ation given by the Chinese Consular Agents and duly verified by the
Spanish Authorities.
Likewise will be repatriated old persons prevented by age from
working and who may ask to go back to China, also all Chinese female
orphans not married and who may wish to return to their country,
Art. XII. — The Spanish Government will order the masters of
those Chinese emigrants whose contracts have expired and who accord-
ing to the terms of those contracts have the right of returning home, to
fulfil the obligations which they have contracted with the emigrants.
Concerning those who have fulfilled their engagements but who
have no right to be sent' home at the expense of their masters, and who
are without means to maintain themselves, the local authorities will
together with the Chinese Consuls in Cuba adopt the measures which
they think necessary for repatriating them.
The emigrants at present residing on the island of Cuba and whose
contracts are expiring, will receive, as soon as the present Convention
comes into force, a certificate in which it will be stated that they have
fulfilled their engagements; by this they will obtain the right of
enjoying all the advantages secured to other Chinese according to
regulations mentioned in Art. VII of the present Convention, and will
be free either to remain on or to leave the island of Cuba.
Art. XIII. — The authorities of the island of Cuba can, if the
circumstances demand it and regardless of the regulations already
mentioned, oppose themselves to the movements and the residence of
Chinese subjeets in all the localities where they think convenient, if for
special reasons they find that the accumulation of the individuals in
the respective localities might be detrimental to the preservation of
public order. In such cases the local authorities will observe towards
Chinese subjects the same rules as towards other foreigners, and will
communicate to the Consul of China the decision they have taken.
Art. XIV. — The labourers who have still obligations to perform
according to the terms of their contracts, must under any condition
fulfil the obligations, but they will enjoy, regarding certificates, etc,
the benefits which will be accorded to their countrymen recently landed
or to those whose engagements have expired.
Likewise all the Chinese subjects who might have been detained
in the Government depots on the island of Cuba will be set at liberty
as soon as the present Convention comes into force; they will be
furnished whh such documents as the regulations provide for, and
treated in the same way as other Chinese,
From the preceding clause are excepted all those who are found
in the Government prisons either in consequence of a judgment or an
accusation.
Art. XV. — The Government of His Majesty the Emperor of
China and the Government of His Majesty the King of Spain agree
that if hereafter one of them thinks it convenient to make modifications
of some of the articles of the present Convention or to cancel them,
negotiations to this effect can only be opened at the expiration of at
least one year after the notification of such wish shall have been made
by one of the high contracting parties to the other.
t 20i 1
it is also understood tdat, if hereafter the Chinese Gpyernment
sffall grant to any other Power advantages not m'entidneS in the present
Convention regarding the emigration of Chinese siibjects,' sii'ch advan-
tages will also be acquired by the Spanish Government.
,Art, XVI. — The present , Convention wiU,;be fati^ed ^i>d, the,
ratifications exchanged in Peking within a period of eight months, or
sooner if possible. . , , .
The present Convention is made in Spanish, French, and Chinese
languages, in two copies, which have been compared and found. correct.
Signed and sealedy on the 13th day of the loth moon of the 3rd
year of Kwang Sii (17th November, 1877).
[Lis.] (Signed)' CARLOS ANTONIO de ESPAI^A,
[L.S.]' (Signed) SHEN.
(Signed) MAO.
(Signed) TUNG.
(Signed) CH'ENG.
(Sighed) HSIA.
[ 209 ]
THE CHUKGKINGl AGREEMENT.
ADDITIONAL ARTICLE TO THE AGREEMENT BETWEEN
GREAT BRITAIN AND CHINA OP 13th SEPTEMBER,
1876.
Signed at Peking, 31st March, 1890-
Ratifications Bxchanged at Peking, 18th January, 1890.
The Governments of Great Britain and China, being desirous of
settling in an amicable spirit the divergence of opinion which has arisen
with respect ito the first clause of the third section of the Agreement
concluded at Ohefoo in 1876, which stipulates that " The British
Government will be free to send officers to reside at Chungking to watch
the .conditions of British trade in Szechuan, that British merchants will
not be allowed to reside at Chungking, or to open establishments or
warehouses there, so long as no steamers have access to the port, and
that when steamers have succeeded in ascending the river so far, further
arrangements can be taken into consideration," have agreed upon the
following Additional Article s —
Art. I. — Chungking shall forthwith be declared open to trad^ on
the same footing as any other Treaty porit. British subjects shall be at
liberty either to charter Chinese vessels or to provide vessels of the
Chinese type for the traffic between Ichang and Chungking.
Art. II. — Merchandize conveyed beltween lohang and Chungking
by the above class of vessels shall be placed on the same footing as
merchandize carried by steamer between Shanghai and Ichang, and
shall be dealt with in accordance with Treaty, Tariff Rules, and the
Yangtsze Regulations.
Art. III. — All regulations as to the papers and flags to be carried
by vessels of the above description, as to rthe repackage of goods for the
voyage beyond lohang, and as to the general procedvire to be observed
by those engaged in the 'traffic between lohang and Chungking with a
view to insuring convenience and security, sha,ll be drawn up by the
Superintendent of Customs at Ichang, the Taoitai of the Oh'uan Tung
Circuit, who is now stationed at Chungking, and the Commissioners of
Cusitoms in consultation with the British Consul, and shall be liable to
any modifications that may hereafter prove to be desirable and may be
agreed upon by common consent.
Art. IV. — Chartered junks shall pay port dues at Ichang and
Chungking in accordance with 'the Yangtsze Regulations ; vessels of
Chinese type, if and when entitled to carry the British flag, shall pay
tonnage dues in accordance with Treaty Regulations. It is obligatory
or, both chartered junks and also vessels of Chinese type, even when
the latter may be entitled to carry the British flag, to take out at the
Maritime Custom-house special papers and a special flag when intended
til be employed by British subjecrbs in the transport of goods between
Ichang and Chungking, and without such papers and flags no vessels of
either class shall be allowed the privileges and immunities granted under
this Additional Article. Provided with special papers and flag, vessels
of bolth classes shall be allowed to ply between the two ports, and they
[ 210 ]
ftnd their cargoes shall be dealt with in accordance with Treaty Rules
p,ni the Yangtsze Regulations. All other vessels shall be dealt with by
the Naftive Customs. The special papers and flag issued by the
Maritime Customs must alone be used by the particular vessel for which
they were originally issued, and are not transferable from one vessel
to another. The use of the British flag by vessels the property of
Chinese is strictly prohibited. Infringement of these Regulations will,
in the first instance, render the offender liable to the penalties in force
at the pouts hitherto opened under Treaty, and should the offence be
subsequently repeated, the vessel's special papers and flag will be
withdrawn, and the vessel herself refused permission thenceforward to
trade between lohang and Chungking.
Art. V. — ^When onoe Chinese steamers carrying cargo run to
Chungking, British steamers shall in like manner have access to the
said port.
Abt. VI. — It is agreed that the present Additional Article shall be
considered as forming part of the Chef oo Agreement, and as having the
same force and validity as if it were inserted therein word for word.
It shall be ratified, and the ratifications exchanged at Peking, and it
shall oome into operation six months after its signature, provided thei
ratifications have then been exchanged, or if they have not, then on the
date as which such exchange takes place.
Done at Peking in triplicate (three in English and three in
Chinese), this thirty-first day of March, in the year of our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and ninety, being the eleventh day of the
second Intercalary moon of the sixteenth year of Kuang Hsu.
[L.S.] (Signed) JOHN WALSHAM.
jX.S.] (Signature of CHINESE PLENIPOTENTIARY).
[ 211 ]
THE SIKKIM TREATY.
Signed at Calcutta, 17th March, 1890.
Batified at London, 17th August, 1890.
Art. I. — The boundary of Sikkim and Thibet shall be the crest of
the mountain range separating the waters flowing into the Sikkim
Teesta and its affluents from the waters flowing into the Thibetan
Machu and northwards into other rivers of Thibet. The line commences
at Mount Gipmochi on the Bhutan frontier, and follows the above-
mentioned water-parting to the point where it meets Nepaul territory.
Art. II. — It is admitted that the British Government, whose
protectorate over the Sikkim State is hereby recognised, has direct and
exclusive control over ithe internal administration and foreign relations
of that State and except through and with the permission of the British
Government neither the ruler of the State nor any of its officers shall
have of&cial relations of any kind, formal or informal, with any other
country.
Art. 111. — The Government of Great Britain and Ireland and the
Government of China engage reciprocally to respect (the boundary as
defined in Article I, and to prevent acts of aggression from their
respective sides of the frontier.
Art. IV. — The question of providing increased faoilities for trade
across the Sikkim-Thibet frontier will hereafter be discussed with a view
to a mutually satisfactory arrangement by the high contracting powers.
Art. V. — ^The question of pasturage on the Sikkim side of the
frontier is reserved for further examination and future adjustment.
Art. VI. — The high contracting powers reserve for discussion and
arrangement the method in which official communications between the
Eritish authorities in India and the authorities in Thibet shall be
conducted.
Art. VII. — Two Joint Commissioners shall within six months from
the ratification of this Convention be appointed, one by the British
Government in Indi^ the other by the Chinese r^ident in Thibet. The
said Commissioners shall meet and discuss the questions wliioh by the
last three preceding articles have been reserved.
Art. VII. — The present Convention shall be ratified, and the
ratifications shall be exchanged in London, as soon as possible after the
date of the signature thereof.
Dated Calcutta, 17th March, 1890.
[ 212 3
FRAI^OE.
CONVENTION COMPLl^.MENTAIRE DE LA CONVENTION
ADDITIONNELLE DE COMMERCE DU 26 JUIN, 1887,
ENTRE LA FRANCE ET LA CHINE.
( RatificaHon cchangees a Pikin, 7 aout, j8g6.)
A. G6rard
Prince K'ing.
Siu Yong-yi.
Plenipotentiaries Le President de la Republique Frari9aise et Sa Majeste I'Empereur
de Chine, d&ireux de favoriser et d^etendre, sur la frontiere sino-
annamite desormais delimitee jusqu'au Mekong, le developpemenit des
relations commerciales entre les deux pays et d'assurer la bonne
execution du Traite de oommeree sign6 a Tientsin le 25 Avril, 1886,
ainsi qvie de la Convention additionnelle signee a Pekin le 26 Juin, 1887,
ont decide de conclure une Convention complemenftaire contenant
plusieurs dispositions nouvelles et modifiant quelques-unes des
dispositions inser^es dans les precedents actes.
A cet efFet, les deux Hautes Parties Contractantes ont nomme pour
leurs plenipotentiaires respeotifs, savoir :
Le President de la Republique Fran9aise, Monsieiir Auguste
Gerard, ministre plfaipotentiaire, envoye extraordinaire de la Republi-
que Fran^aise en Chine, officier de la Legion d'honneur, grand-croix de
I'ordre de I'lndependance du Montenegro, grand-offloier de I'ordre royal
de Charles III d'Espagne, grand-officier de I'ordre royal de la Couronne
d'ltalie, etc., etc., etc., et
Sa Majeste I'Empereur de Chine, Son Altesse le prince K'ing
prince du premier rang, president du Tsong-li Yamen, etc., etc., etc.,
et
Son Excellence Siu Yong-yi, membre du Tsong-li Yamen et du
Grand conseil de TEmpire, vice-president de gauohe au ministere de
I'interieur, etc., etc., etc.,
Lesquels, aprfes s'etre communique leurs pleins pouvoirs, qu'ils ont
reconnus en bonne et due forme, sont convenus des articles suivanjts :
Consular officer
to reside at
Tiing-hing.
Akt. I. — II est convenu, pour assurer la police de la frontiere, que
lo Gouvernement Frangais aura le droit d'entretenir un agent d'ordre
consulaire a Tong-hing, en face de Moncay, sur la frontiere du Kouang-
tong.
Un r6glement ulterieur d^terminera les conditions dans lesquelles
devra s'exeroer, d'acoord entre les autorites franpaises et chinoises, la
police commune de la fronti&re sino-annamite.
Am. II. — L'article II de la Convention additionnelle signee a
Pekin le 26 Juin, 1887, est modifie et complete ainsi qu'il suit :
[ 213. ]
II est oonvenu entre les Hautes Parties Contraotantes que la ville Treaty Ports ;
de Long-tcheou, au Kouang-si, et eelle de Mongtse, au Yun-nan, sont MenlteeT'Ho-
ouvertes au commerce franco- aimamite. II est entendu, en outre, que 'kow (on Rod
le point ouvert au commerce sur la route fluviale de Lao-kai, a Mong-tse ^"^'^■y
est non plus Man-hao, mais Ho-k'eou et que le Gouvernement Frau9ais
aura le droit d'entretenir a Ho-k'eou un agent relevant du consul de
Mongtse, en meme temps que le Gouvernement Ohinois y entretiendra
un agent des douanes.
Art. in. — II est convenu que la ville de Sse-mao, au Yun-nan, j^^^^ Szemao.
sera ouverte au commerce franoo-annamite comme Long-tcheou et
Mong-tse et que le Gouvernement Frangais aura le droit, comme dans
les autres ports ouverts, d'y entretenir un consul, en meme temps que le
Gouvernement Chinois y entretiendra un agent des douanes.
Les autoritfe locales s'emploieront a faciliter I'installation du
consul de France dans une residence honorable.
Les Fran9ais et proteges franpais pourront s'etablir a Sse-mao dans
les conditions prevues par les articles VII, X, XI, XII, et autres du
Traite du 37 Juin, 1858, ainsi que par I'artiole III de la Convention du
25 Avril, 1886.
Les marchandises a destination de Chine pourront etre trausportees
les routes de terre et notamment par la route mandarinale qui conduit
Boit de Mong-le, soit d'l-pang, a Sse-mao et P'ou-eul, les droits dont des
marchandises seraieijt passibles devant etre acquittes a Sse-mao.
Abt. IV. — ^L'article IX de la Convention oommerciale du 25 Avril,
1886, est modifie ainsi qu'il suit :
I. — Les marchandises chinoises transitant de I'une a I'autre des Chinese produc
quatre villes ouvertes au commerce sur la frontiere, Long-tcheou, liable to 4/ioth
Mong-ltse, Sse-mao et Ho-k'eou, en passant par I'Annam, paieront, a between Fronti
lo. sortie, le droit reduit des quatre dixiemes. II leur sera delivre un Ports,
certifioat special oonstatant le paiement de oe droit et desitine a
accompagner la marchandise. Lorsque celle-oi sera parvenue dans
l'3.utre viUe, sera exemptee du paiement du droit d'importation.
2. — Les marchandises chinoises qui seront exportees des quatre onenteringothi
localite designees ci-dessus et transportees dans les ports chinois. Ports, half dut
maritimes ou fluviaux, ouverts au commerce, acquitteront, a la sortie a'^JiitJon''''*^'''
par la frontiere, le droit d'exportation reduit des quatre dixiemes. II
leur sera delivre un certificat special oonstatant le paiement de ce droit
et destine a accompagner la marchandise. Lorsque celle-ci sera
parvenue dans un des ports, maritimes ou fiuviaux, ouverts au
commerce, elle aura a acquitlter le demi-droit de reimportation,
conformement a la regie generale pour toutes les marchandises
semblables dans les ports, maritimes ou fluviaux, ouverts au commerce.
3. — Les marchandises chinoises qui seront transportees des ports Chinese produc
chinois, maritimes ou fluviaux:, ouverlts au commerce, par la voie de entering a
I'Annam, vers les quatre localites designees oi-dessus acquittront, a la |^™ chinawil
soiitie, le droit enter. II leur sera delivre un certificat special only pay a half
constatant le paiement de ce droit et destine a accompagner la r°^^''^nn^\
marchandise. ^'"^■' ' ^^'
Lorsque ceUe-oi sera parvenue a I'une des douanes de la frontiere,
elle aoquittera, a I'entree, un demi-droit de reimportation base sur la
reduction de quatre dixiemes.
4. — Les marchandises chinoises sus-mentionnees et qu'accompagnera
lo certifioat special prevu plus haut seront, avant le passage en douane a Si"
I'exportation, ou apres le passage en douane a la reimportation, soumises *°
aux reglements regissant les marchandises natives chinoises.
Chinese produc
transit subje^
usual rules.
Opdnirftof Mines Art. V.— ll est entendu que la Ohine, pour rex^Tdilation de ses
assistance Vay wines dans les provinces du Yun-nan, du Kouang-si et du Kouang-tong,
be applied for. pourra s'adresser d'abord a des industriels et ingenieurs frangais,
maylnterCMna. I'e^ploitation demeurant, d'ailleurs, soumise aux rfegles edit6es par le
Gouvernement Imperial en ce qui conceme I'industrie natioriale.
II esit convenu que les voies ferrees, soit deja existantes, soit
projetees en Annam pourront, apres entente commune et dans des
conditions a definir, etre prolongees sur la territoire chinois.
Aet. VI. — L'article II de la ConTention telegraphique entre la
France et la Chine, signee a Tohe-fou le ler Decembre, 1888, est
complete ainsi qu'il suit :
Telegraph line to D. — Un raccordement sera etabli entre la prefecture secondaire de
connect Szemao gse-mao et I'Annam par deux sttations qui seront Sse-mao, en Chine, et
and Annam. Muong-ha-hin (Muong-ngay-neua), place, en Annam, a mi-chemin de
Lai-ohau et de Luang-prabang.
Les tarifs seront fixes conformement a l'article VI de la ConTehtion
telegraphique de Tche-fou.
Privileges of this Art. VII. — II est convenu que les stipulations commerciales
Convention contenues dans la presente Convention etant d'une nature speciale et le
Frontier Ports of ''^^ultat de concessions mutuelles determinees par les necessites des
Trade. relations entre Long-tcheou, Ho-k'eou, Mong-tse, Sse-mao et I'Annam,
les avantages qui en resultent ne pourront etre invoques par les sujets
et proteges des deux Hautes Parties Contractantes que sur les points,
ainsi que par les voies fluviales et terrestres, ici determines de la
frontiere.
Articles to take Art. VIII. — ^Les presentes stipulations seront mises en vigueUr
effectas with the comme si elles etaient inserees dans le texte meme de la Convention
j™™i8s™ °' additionnelle du 26 juin, 1887.
Past Treaties, Art. IX. — Les dispositions des ancdens traites, accords et
etc., confirmed, conventions entre la Prance et la Chine, non modifiees par le present
traite, restent en pleine vigueur.
La presente Convention complementaire sera ratifiee, des a present,
par Sa Majeste I'Empereur de Chine et, apres qu'elle aura ete ratifies
par le President de la Republique Franpaise, I'echange des ratifications
se fera a Pekin dans le plus href delai possible.
Signed at Peking Fait a Pekin, en quatre exemplaires, le vingt juin mil huit cent
loth June, 1896. quatre-vingt-quinze, correspondant au vingt-huitieme jour de la
cinquieme lune de la vingt et unieme annee Koiiang-siu.
[L.S.] Signd: A. GlfiRARD.
[L.S.] Signatures du Prince K'ING
et de SIU YONG-YI.
[ 215 ^ ]
CONVENTION COMPL^MENTAIRE DE LA CONVENTION
DE DELIMITATION DE LA FRONTlfeRE ENTRE LE
TONKIN ET LA CHINE DU 26 JUIN, 1887.
(Ratification khangks a Pekin, 7 aot^t, i8g6.)
Les commissaires nommes par les deux Goitvernementa pour
reconnaitre la derniere partie de la frontifere entre la Chine et le Tonkin
(du Fleuve rouge au Mekong) ayant termine leurs travaux.
Monsieur Auguste Gerard, ministre plenipotentiaire, envoye
extraordinaire de la Republique Frangaise en Chine, officier de la Legion
d'honneur, grand-croix de I'ordre de I'lndependance du Montenegro,
grand-officier de I'ordre royal de Charles III d'Espagne, grand-officier de
I'ordre royal de la Coiironne d'ltalie, etc., etc., etc., d'une part,
et
Son Altesse le prince K'ing, prince du premier rang, president du
Tsong-li Yamen, etc., etc., etc., et
Son Excellence Siu Yong-yi, membre du Tsong-li Yamen et du
Grand conseil de I'Bmpire, vice-president de gauche au ministere de
I'interieur, etc., etc., etc., d'autre part,
Agissant au nom de leurs Gouvernements respeotifs et munis a cet
efFet de pleins pouvoirs qu'ils ont, apres communication, reconnus etre
en bonne et due forme, ont decide de consigner dans le present aote
les dispositions suivantes destinees a rectifier et completer la convention
signee a Pekin le 26 Juin, 1887, les proces-verbaux et les cartes qui ont
ete dresses et signes par les commissaires frangais et chinois etant et
demeurant approuves.
I. — Le trace de la frontiere entre le Yun-nan et I'Annam (carte de Tonkin-CHiina
la deuxieme section) du point R au point S, est modifie ainsi qu'il suit : f™"*]^'^!.
/(XT iL j.'^ J. n • J. T> T ■ J J. ■ »^ rectification of
La ngne tronitiere part du point H. se dirige au nord-est jusqu a 2iid Section:
" Man-mei, puis de Man-mei, et suivant la direction ouest-est, jusqu'a
" Nan-na, sur le Ts'ing-chouei-ho, laissant Man-mei a I'Annam et les
" territoires de Mong-t'ong-chang-ts'ouen, Mon-t'ong-chan, Mong-it'ong-
" tchong-ts'ouen, Mong-t'ong-hai-ts'ouen a la Chine."
II. — Le trace de la cinquieme section entre Long-po-itchai et la
Riviere noire est modifie ainsi qu'il suit :
" A partir de Long-po-tohai (cinquieme section), la frontiere ot 6th Section :
" commune du Yun-nan et de I'Annam remonte le cours du Long-po-ho
" jusqu'a son confluent aveo le Hong-yai-ho, au point marque A sur la
" carte. Du point A, elle suit la direetion generale nord-nord-ouest et
" la chaine de partage des eaux jusqu'au point ou le P'ing-ho prend sai
" source.
" De ce point, la frontiere suit le cours du P'ing-ho, puis oelui du
" MoU-k'i-ho jusqu'a son confluent aveo le Ta-pao-ho, qu'elle suit jusqu'sl
" son confluent aveo le Nan-kong-ho, puis le eours du Nan-kong-ho
" jusqu'k son confluent avec le Nali-na-ho.
" La frontiere remonte ensuite le cours du Pa-pao-ho jusqu'a son
" eonfluent avee le Kouang-sse-ho, puis le cours du Kouang-sse-ho et
" suit la chaine de partage des eaux jUsqu'au confluent du Nam-la-pi et
" du Nam-la-ho, enfin le NaM-la-ho jusqu'a son confluent aveo la RiViefe
"noire> puis le milieU de la Riviere noire jusqu'au Nam-nap, ou
" Nam-ma-ho."
[ 216 ]
Annamffi"d'"* ^■^' — ^^ frontiere commune du Yun-nam et de rAnnam entre la
Eiver) Section. Riviere noire, a son confluent avec le Nam-nap, et le Mekong est tracee
ainsi qu'il suit :
" A partir du confluent de la Riviere noire et du Nam-nap, la
" frontiere suit le cours du Nam-nap jusqu'a sa source, puis, dans la
" direction sud-ouest et oitest, la chaine de partage des eaux jusqu'aux
■' sources du Nam-kang et du Nam-wou.
" A partir des sources du Nam-woii, la frontiere suit la chaine de
" partage des eaux entre le bassiu du Nam-wou et le bassin du Nam-la,
' laissant a la Chine, a I'ouest, Bau-noi, I-pang, I-wou, les Six montagnes
" a (the et a I'Annam, a Test, Moi%-wou et Woii-te et la confederation
" des Hua-panh-lia-tang-lioc. La frontiere suit la direction nord-sud,
■' sud-est jusqu'aux sources du Nan-ouo-ho, puis elle oontourne, par la
" chaine de partage des eaux, dans la direction ouest-nord-ouest, les
" vallees du Nan-ouo-ho et des affluents de gauche du Nam-la, jusqu'au
" confluent du Mekong et du Nam-la, au nord-ouest de Muong-poung.
" Le territoire de Muong-mang et de Muong-jouen est laisse a la Chine.
" Quant au territoire des Huit sources salees (Pa-fa-tohai), il demeure
" attribue a I'Annam.'.
Delimitation to IV. — Les agents, commissaires ou autorites designes par les deux
anange^'^ *^ Gouvernements seront charges de proceder a I'abomement oonformement
aux cartes dressees et signees par la commission de delimitation et au
trace ci-dessus.
V. — Les dispositions concernarrt la delimitation entre la France et
la Chine, non modifiees par le present acte, restent en pleine vigueur.
La presente Convention complementaire, ainsi que la Convention
de delimitation du 26 Juin, 1887, sera ratifiee des a present par Sa
Majeste I'Empereur de Chine et, apres qu'elle aura ete ratifiee par le
President de la Republique Frangaise, I'echange des raftifications se fera
a Pekin dans le plus bref delai possible.
Fait a Pekin, en quatre exemplaires, le vingt juin mil huit cent
quatre-vingt-quinze, correspondant au vingt-huitieme jour de la
lune de la vingt db unieme annee Kouang-siu.
[L.S.] Signe: A. GERARD.
[L.S.] Signatures du Prince K'ING
et de SIU YONG-YI.
Signed at Peking
20th June, 1896.
[ 217 ]
REGULATIONS.
REGULATIONS RELATING TO TRANSIT DUES, EXEMPTION
CERTIFICATES, AND COAST TRADE.
Published under authority from the Hon- F. TF'. A. Bruce, C.B., S.B.M.
Minister Plenipotentiary in China, at Shanghai, 30th October, 1S61.
I. — Transit Dtjbs.
§ 1. — It is at the option of the British, merchant to clear foreign
imports to an inland market, or native produce to a port of shipment,
either hy payment of the different charges demanded ait the Inland
Custom^-house, or by one payment of a half-Tariff duty as provided in
Tariff Rule 7.
§ 2. — In the case of native produce the memorandum to be
presented at the first inland barrier may be there deposited by the
merchant himself or his agent, native or foreign ; but whereas it is
alleged that both native and foreign transit dues have been totally
evaded by the sale of produce in transitu after eratry at a barrier as for
shipment at a Treaty port, the memorandum tendered must be in the
form of a Declaration, signed by the firm or merchant interested, and
to the effect that the prodttce therein specified and entered on
date, at — barrier for shipment at — port, is the property
of the undersigned firm or merchant, and that the said firm or merchant
engages to pay the half-Tariff transit dues thereon.
This form will be provided gratis by Ithe Maritime Customs at every
Treaty port, and issued on the Consul's application by the
Superintendent of Customs.
§ 3. — Native produce carried inwards from a port cannot be cleared
by a (transit duty certificate, whether in charge of native or foreigner ;
it is liable to all charges imposed on goods in transitu by the Provincial
Governments through whose jurisdiction it passes.
§ 4. — ^Foreign imports not protected by transit duty certificates are
liable to the same charges.
§ 5. — No transit duty is leviable on foreign imports or native
produce carried up or down Ithe Yang-tze Kiang between Shanghai and
the ports on that river now open under provisional rules ; but foreign
imports carried inland from either of these ports, or from the interior
to eiither of these ports, pay foreign or native transit duties, according
as they are certificated or uncertificated.
Exemption Certificates.
The exemption certificate protects duty-paid foreign imports re-
exported to any port in China, against all further exaction of durfcy by
the Maritime Customs. Native produce carried coastwise must be
accompanied by a certificate that the export duty has been paid at the
port of shipment ; and on leaving the second port for a third or fourth
port, by a certificate that the coast trade duty, as below defined, has
been paid at the second port. This latter certificate will be g;ranted by
the Customs, if the condition of the produce imported remains
unchanged, and will exempt the produce it covers from all further
exaction of duty by the Maritime Customs.
i 218 ]
III.— Coast Tkadb Duty.
§ 1. — Native produce carried coastwise pays full export du*y at the
port of shipment; and, at the port of entry, coast-trade duty, the
amount of which is declared to be half-import duty.
§ 2. — If the produce in question be entered at the second port as
for re-exportation to a foreign market, the payment of coast-trade duty
is to be regarded as a deposit during a term of three months, before
expiry of which the produce must be reshipped for a foreign port ; and
the merchant will thereupon immediately reo^jyer the amount of tha
coast-trade duty lodged with the Customs. If the term expire without
shipment of the produce, the said amount will be carried to the account
of Customs revenue, and the produce, if subsequently shipped to a
foreign port, will pay a full export duty.*
§ 3. — ^If the produce, though shipped within the term allowed, be
found to have been subjected to unauthorized changes of quality,
condition, etc., the coast-trade duty lodged will not be returned, and
an export duty, as upon all other produce leaving the port, will be
levied.
§ 4. — If, on arrival of the produce at the port of entry, loss of tha
export duty certificate be alleged, the export duty can be lodged with
the Customs until the Customs authorities shall ascertain the fact from
those of the port of shipment.
§ 5. — ^Native produce, accompanied by a certificate that.the coast-
trade duty has been paid at the second port, may be carried to any other
port or ports in China, without payment of further duty to Maritime
Customs.t
§ 6. — Native produce carried from Shanghai to Hankow, or
Kiukiang, or vice versa, paj'S a lull import or export duty and coast-trade
duty. While the river trade continues under the Provisional Rules now
in force, these duties will be levied at Shanghai. If the produce in
question be entereJ for re-export to a foreign port the coast-trade duty
will be deposited and refunded as provided in clause 2 of this Rule.
* Note. — The term of three months prescribed in the above Rule for
the validity of the coast-trade drawback certificate, was extended, by
agreement, to twelvemonths fn June, 1863. See Belgian Treaty, Art. 34:
and Danish Treaty, Art. 44.
+ Note. — In June, 1863, it was decided that in lieu of the certificate
referred to in § 5, a drawback certificate for the_CDast-trade duty paid at the
port of shipment should be issued there.
t 219 ]
REGULATIONS FOE, NAVIGATION ANU TKADE UPON THE
RIVER YAN6-TSZE.
(•^.>-PRO VISIONAL REGULATIONS, O'ra MARCH, 1861.
NOTIFICATION.
Referring to the Notification of His Excellency the Earl of Elgin
and Kincardine, k.t. , g.o.b., etc., etc., etc., dated Hongkong, 20th
January, 1861, informing Her Majesty's subjects in China of the
measures then being taken to give effect to the arrangement concluded
between Her Majesty's Plenipotentiary and the Imperial Commissioner,
for opening the Yangtsze River to British trade, the undersigned is now
authorized by His Excellency the Naval Commander-in-chief to declare
the river, above Ohinkiang and as far as Hankow, to be open in
accordance with that arrangement, to British vessels, under the
accompanying Regulations ; which are provisional until they have
received the sanction of His Excellency the Hon. Mr. Bruce, c.B., and
the Peking Government.
His Excellency, the Naval Commander-in-chief, has furnished the
undersigned, for the information of Her Majesty's subjects in China,
with the annexed extraats of a communication, made by Commander
Aplin, of H.M.S. " Centaur," on the 1st inst., to the Insurgent
authorities at Nanking, and of their reply together with a copy of the
Pass to be used by British vessels passing Nanking. It will be observed
(from this correspondence that the free navigation of the river by
British vessels is not to be interfered with by the insurgents, but that
all intercourse held with any place in their possession, will be conducted
under such conditions as the Insurgent authorities, with the approval of
the Senior Naval Officer, shall think proper to prescribe ; and the
undersigned is further desired to call attention to that regulation of the
Insurgent auithorities, which is concurred in by the Commander-in-chief,
requiring merchant vessels not to approach nearer to Nanking at night
than the Pingshan Pagoda, nor to enter at any Itime the Tsaouhea Creek.
The positions at present selected for Consular establishments on the
river above Chinkiang are the cities of Hankow and Kiukiang, and His
Excellency-, the Naval Commander-in-chief, has stationed vessels of war
at these ports, as well as at Chinkiang and Nanking, for the purpose
of protecting British interests, and giving due support to Her Majesty's
Consuls in the performance of their duties.
(Signed) HARRY S. PARKES.
H.M.S. " Coromandel,"
Tang-tsze River, 9th March, 1861.
PROVISIONAL REGULATIONS FOR BRITISH TRADE IN THE
YANG-TSZE RIVER.
Art. I. — Every British vessel wishing to proceed up the Yang-tszs
River beyond Chinkiang, must apply to the British Consul at Shanghai
for a Pass, to be called the " River Pass," authorising the vessel to trade
as high as Hankow, which will be issued by the Shanghai Customs, and
only byl the. Customs at that Port, on ithe application on the Consul, as
Boon as the Customs are satisfied that all the dues and duities due upon
[ 220 ]
the vessel and her cargo have been paid. The Consul will deliver the
River Pass to the vessel, and will retain in his hands her Register or
Sailing Letter, and on the return of the vessel to Shanghai, the River
Pass must be surrendered to the Consul and returned to the Customs.
Art. II. — Every vessel proceeding up or down the River, shall be
permitted to carry for her proteotion, such an amount of Arms and
Ammunition as shall appear to the Customs at Shanghai to be
reasonable, and this amount of Arms and Ammunition shall be entered
fn a certificate to be called the "Arms Certificate," which shall be
delivered by the Customs, through the Consul, ito any vessel applying
for the same ; and the said vessel shall be bound to bring back to
Shanghai all the Arms and Ammunition she is thus authorised to carry,
or, if she have expended any portion of them during her voyage up or
down the River, then to account for the manner in whioh such portion
has been expended. Any vessel returning to Shanghai without any
portion of the Arms or Ammunition stated in her Arms Certificate, and
being unable to account satisfactorily for such missing portion ; or being
discovered trafficking in Arms, Munitions or Implements of war, at any
Port or place in the River, or carrying any Arms or Munitions in excess
of the amount stated in her Arms Certificate, is liable to have her River
Pass withdrawn, and to be prohibited from trading upon the River.
Art. III. — The Shanghai Customs may, if they see fit, appoint one
or two of their officers to accompany the vessel as far as Chinkiang, and
the master of the vessel is bound to receive these officers on board, and
to provide them suitable accommodation, but not their food or expenses.
Trading of any kind between Shanghai and Chinkiang, being an
infraction of Article XL VII of the Treaty of Tientsin, may be punished
as is therein provided.
Art. IV — No vessel is allowed to pass Chinkiang without anchoring,
and being reported to the British Consul and the Customs ait that Port.
The master, on arriving at Chinkiang, must deliver to the Consul his
River Pass, Arms Certificate, Shanghai Port Clearance, and a list of all
passengers and persons not forming part of the registered crew on board,
and if he wish to proceed up the River immediately, the Consul will
forward all the papers above named to the Cusitoms, who may board and
inspect the vessel, and if the Customs have no claim upon the vessel,
or there be no cause for her detention, they will ait once grant a new
Port Clearance, and give this, together with the River Pass and Arras
^Certificate to the master, who will then be at liberty to continue his
voyage. Buit if the stay of a vessel at Chinkiang exceed twenty-four
hours, she must be reported within that time to the British Consul, and
by the Consul to the Customs, in the manner provided in Article
XXXVII of the Treaty of Tientsin, and a manifest of her cargo and a
copy of her passenger list furnished to the Consul ; and if she land any
portion of her cargo, or take on board any cargo, she must do so in the
manner provided in the said Treaty ; and the Consul will retain in his
possession her River Pass and Arms Certificate, until she receives her
Port Clearance from the Custom-house, and is again ready to depart.
Any British vessel proceeding up the River above Chinkiang without a
River Pass, Arms Certificate, and Chinkiang Port Clearance, duly
obtained as provided in these Regidations, commits an infringement of
Article XL VII of the Treaty of Tientsin, and is liable to the penalty
therein provided.
Art. v.— Every vessel must be reported to the British Consul at
Kiukiang and Hankow, within twenty-four hours after her arrival at
either of those ports, and the master must lodge in the hands of the
Consul the vessel's River Pass, Arms Certificate, and Chinkiang Port
Clearance, and must deliver to the Consul a manifest of her inward
cargo, and a list of all passengers and persons not forming part of the
registered crew on board ; and the Consul will retain in his possession
the River Pass, Arms CertifioaJte, and Chinkiang Port Clearance until
the vessel is again ready to depart, and until he has received the
manifest of her cargo outwards, and a list of all passengers and persons
[ 221 ]
not forming part of her registered crew, and intending to leave the port
in the said vessel ; and before returning the said papers to the master,
the Consul will endorse on ithe Chinkiang Port Clearance, the respective
dates on which it was lodged in his hands and returned to the master.
No report however need be made in the case of a vessel passing Kiukiang
without anchoring, nor is it requisite that a vessel passing that Port
,without discharging or taking in cargo, should deliver a manifest to the
Consul.
Abt. VI.^Every vessel coming down the river must anchor at
Chinkiang, and be reported to the Consul, and cleared by the Customs,
in the manner provided in. Article IV of these Regulations ; and the
Customs may, if they see fit, appoint one or two of their Of&oers to
accompany the vessel to the port of Shanghai, where the vessel is bound
to proceed, without touching at any other port or place, and these
Customs officers must be received on board, and treated in the manner
provided in Article III of these Regulations.
Art. VII. — The Payment of all Import and Export duties dvie by
all British vessels, duly authorised to trade on the River above
Chinkiang, being secured to the Chinese Government by Articles I, IV,
and VI of these Regulations, Articles XXXVIII, XXXIX, XL, and
XLI of the Treaty of Tientsin will not apply Ito such vessels, after they
have passed Chinkiang inwards, and any vessel so authorised may
therefore discharge . or load legal merchandise, at ports or places on the
river above Chinkiang, without being required to ohitain Custom-house
permits, or to pay Export duties until the vessel returns to Shanghai.
Aet. Vm. — The manifests of Cargo that are to be delivered to Her
Majesty's Consuls at the various ports, as provided in these Regulation,
must be made out in the form of a summary, staging the quantity
of each description of goods on board, either in dimensions, weight, or
value as the case may be.
Art. IX. — The breach of any of these Regulations may be punished
by the withdrawal from a vessel of her River Pass, and by prohibiting
her from further trading on the river, and if this penalty be awarded
when on the river, she may be sent or taken to Shanghai, and also, and
in addition to the preceding penalty, by any other pains or penalties that
may be incurred by the same offence for a breach of Treaty. And it shall
be competent for any of Her Majesty's Consuls to detain any vessel
trading on the river under these Regulations, against which any other
complaint or claim may at any time be laid, until the same shall have
been heard and determined by the Consul, and his judgment carried into
execution.
Art. X. — ^These Regulations may at any time be suspended or
annulled, added to or amended as, and in whatever way, may be judged
expedient by H. B. Majesty's Minister Plenipotentiary in China, and
the High Chinese authorities in communication together.
(Signed) HARRY S. PARKES.
[ 2?2 ^
fB.^-EEVISED PROVISIONAL REGULATIONS FOR BRITISH
TRADE ON THE RIVER YANGTSZE.
Published, 5th December , 1861.
Ttese Regulations were as follows : —
Abtioles I to VI, same as in Regulations of March 9, 1861.
Art. VII. — River steamers trading on the Yangtsze authorized to
load or discharge at Hankow or Kiukiang without applying for Customs'
permits, or paying duties, until their retxirn to Shanghai.
Articles VIII and IX as before.
Akt. X. — (a.) — Oil, hemp, steel, iron, provisions, timber, and
copper cash may be transported under the following conditions : — ■
The shipper shall give notice of the quantity he desires to ship, and
of the port of its destination, and shall bind himself by a bond, such
shipper being agent of a. mercantile firm established in China, or, if not
so, by a bond, with two sufficient sureties, to the value of the quantity
shipped, to return, within three montlis from the date of bhipment, to
tfiie Collector at that port of shipment, a certificate to be issued by him,
with an acknowledgment 'thereon of the discharge of the cargo specified
at the port of destination, subscribed and sealed by the Collector at the
latrter port, or, failing thei due return of this ceitificate, to forfeit a sum
equal in value to that of the goods shipped ; and the vessel concerned
will be deprived of the River Pass, and prohibited from farther trading
on the river.
(b.) — In the case of native junks chartered or purchased by British
subjects to convey produce to or from ports on the Yang-tze Kiang, the
Customs at the port of departure shall, on applioartion of the Consul,
issue to the party concerned n special junk-pass. But the said party
must deposit with the Customs a bond, such party being agent of a
mercantile firm established in China, or, if not so, a bond, with two
sufficient sureties, to the value of the vessel and cirgo, to return, within
two months frojn the date of this bond, to the Collector at the port of
departure, the junk-pass issued by him, with an acknowledgment
thereon, subscribed and sealed by the Collector of the port of
destination, of the arrival of the junk and discharge of her cargo, or,
failing the due return of this certificate, to forfeit the sum specified
in the bond, or deposited with the Customs.
These Regulations may at any time be suspended or annulled, etc.,
etc., (Same as Art. X of Regulations of 9th March, 1861.
[ aaa j
fC.;— REVISED RE&ULATIONS OF TRADE ON THE
YANG-TSZE KIANG.
NOTIFICATION.
British Legation,
Peking, lOtK November, 1861.
The undersigned is directed to give notice that the Chinese
Government, having decided on opening Custom-houses at Hankow anil
Kiukiang, has comniunicaited to the Hon. F. Bruce, C.B., Her Britannic
Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Chief Superintendent of British
Trade in China, a draft of revised regulations under which, until these
ports shall be declared open by Treaty, trade with them is to be carried
on.
The provisional regulations of the 5th December, 1861, will therefore
continue in force only until the 1st of January, 1863, on which day the
revised regula/tions published below will come into operation. From
and after that date, any violation of them by vessels entering the river,
will be punished by the penalties the revised regulations provide.
By order,
(Signed) T. F. WADE,
S.B.M.'s Seerefary of Legation,
REVISED REGULATIONS OF TRADE ON THE
YANG-TSZE KIANG.
Art. I. — British vessels* are authorised to trade on the Yang-tsze
Kiang at three ports only, viz : — Chinkiang, Kiukiang and Hankow.
Shipinent or discharge of cargo at any other point on the River is
prohibited, and violation of the prohibition renders ship and cargo liable
to confiscation.
Native produce, when exported from any of these three ports, or
foreign imports not covered by Exemption Certificates, or native produce
that has not paid Coast Trade duty, shall when imported into any of
these three ports, pay duty as at the Treaty ports.
Art. II. — British merchant vessels trading on the River are to be
divided into two classes, namely : —
1st Class. — Sea-goinq Vessels, that is merchantmen trading for the
voyage up the River above Chinkiang, lorehas and sailing vessels
generally.
2nd Class. — Steamers running regularly between Shanghai and the
Riv^r ports.
These two classes of vessels will be dealt with according to Treaty,
01' the Rules affecting the River ports at which they may be trading.
* And all vessels belonging to Treaty powe^-
[ 224 ]
All vessels, to whichever of the two classes they may belong, if
ahout to proceed up the River, must first report to the Customs the
arms or other munitions of war they may have on board, and the
numbers and quantities of these will he entered by the Customs on the
vessel's River Pass. Permission to trade on the River will be withdrawn
from any vessel detected trading in arms or munitions of war will be
liable to confiscation.
Any vessel falling in with a Revenue Cruiser of the Chinese
Government will, if examination of them be required, produce her papers
for inspection.
Abt. — ni. — Sea-going Vessels, merchantmen, lorchas, and sailing
vessels generally, if trading at Chinkiang, will pay their duties and
tonnage dues at Chinkiang. ^
If a vessel of this class is proceeding further than Chinkiang, that
is either to Kiukiang or to Hankow, her master must deposit her papers
with the Consul at Chinkiang, and must hand in her manifest to be
examined by the Chinkiang Customs ; the Superintendent of which, on
receipt of an official application from the Consul, will issue a certificate,
to be called the Chinkiang pass, to the vessel. The Chinkiang pass will
have entered upon it the number and quantities of arms, muskets, guns,
swords, etc., on board the vessel ; also the number of her crew, her
lonnage and the flag she sails under. The Customs will be at liberty to
seal her hatches, and to put a Customs employe on board her. On her
arrival at Kiukiang, whether going up or coming down, her master miist
present her pass to the Customs for inspection.
The duties on cargo landed or shipped at Kiukiang or Hankow, must
all be paid in the manner prescribed by the regulations of whichever of
the two ports she may be trading at, and on her return to Chinkiang she
must surrender her Chinkiang pass to the Customs at Chinkiang, and
the Customs having ascertained that her duties and dues have been all
paid, and that every other condition is satisfied, the grand chop will be
issued to the vessel, to enable her to obtain her papers and proceed to
sea.
The Customs will be at liberty to put an employe on board the
vessel to accompany her as far as Lang-shan.
Any British vessel of this class, found above Chinkiang without a
Chinkiang pass will be confiscated. Any junk without Chinese papers
will similarly be confiscated.
Art. IV. — Jiiver Steamers. Any British steamer trading regularly
on the River will deposit her papers at the British Consulate at
Shanghai, and the Customs, on application of the British Consul, will
issue a sjjecial River Pass (or Steam Pass), that shall be valid for the
term of six months. Steamers trading on the River under this pass will
be enabled to load and discharge, and will pay duties according to the
rule affecting River Steamers- ,
On arrival off Chinkiang or Kiukiang, the steamer, whether
proceeding up the River or down, will exhibit her pass to the Cusitoms.
The tonnage dues leviable on any steamer holding a River Pass shall
be paid alternately at Chinkiang, Kiukiang and Hankow.
The Customs are at liberty to put a tidewaiter on board a steamer
at any of these ports to accompany her up or down stream, as the case
may be.
Infringement of River Port Regulations will be punished by (the
infliction of the penalties in force at the ports open by Treaty ; for a
second offence the steamer's River Pass will also be cancelled, and she
will be refused permission to trade thenceforward above Chinkiang.
Any steamer not provided with a River Pass, if her master propose
proceeding above Chinkiang, will come under the rule affecting Sea-going
vessels; laid down in Art. Ill, and will be treated accordingly.
[1225 r
Art. V. — iJwer Steamers' Cargoes.
§ 1. — Where native produce is shipped at a River port on board a
steamer provided with a River Pass, the shipper must pay both Export
and Coast Trade duty before he ships it. If it be for export to a foreign
port, this should be stated when the produce arrives at Shanghai, and if
it be exported from Shanghai within the three* months allowed, the
shipper will obtain from the Shanghai Customs a certificate of its
re-exportation ; on production of which at the River port of shipment,
whether Chinkiang, Kiukiang or Hankow, the Customs of that port will
issue a drawback for the amount of Coast Trade duty paid.
§ 2. — Where import cargo is transhipped on board a river steamer
at Shanghai, it must first be cleared of all duties. The transhipment
will not be authorised until the Customs are satisfied that the Import
diiLies have been paid.
Abt.'VI. — Native Craft, owned or chartered by British merchants,
will pay duty on their cargo at the rates leviable on such cargo under
the Treaty tariff. All such craft will further have to be secured by bond
in the manner laid down in the provisional Rules published on the 5th
December, 1861,t and on entry into any port, will pay port dues
according to Chinese tariff. If the cargoes of Native craft so employed
do not agree with their cargo certificates, the amount specified in their
bonds will be forfeited to the Chinese Government. This provision is
only valid until tranquility is restored along the river.
Art. VII. — British vessels of all classes, as well as junks owned or
chartered by British merchants, must apply to the Customs at the port
of departure for a cargo certificate (^Tsunrj-tan), which on the vessel or
junk's arrival at the port of destination must be handed in to the
Customs before permission to discharge can be given.
The above regulations are provisional and open to revision if
necessary.
* This period was extended to twelve months, in Jime, 1863.
t (Art. IX of the Provisional Btiles ofsth December, 1861) — B. In the case
of native junks chartered or purchased by British subjects to convey produce
to or from ports on the Yang-tsze Kian}?, the Customs at the port of departure
shall, on application of the Consul, issue to the party concerned a special
Junk Pass. But the said paity must deposit with the Customs a bond, such
party being agent of a mercantile firm established in China, or, if not so, a
bond with two sufficient sureties, to the value of the cargo, to return within
two months from date of his bond, to the Collector at the port of departure,
the Junk Pass issued by him, with an acknowledgment thereon , subscribed
and sealed by the Collector of the r ort of destination of the arrival of the
junk and discharge of her cargo, or failing the due return of this oertifloate,
to forfeit the sura specified in the bond or deposited with the Customs.
REGULATIONS RELATING TO NATIVE PRODUCE REPACKED
IN TRANSITU.
Instituted 8th February, 1866.
NOTmCATION.
The undersigned, H.B.M.'s Consul, publishes for the general
information of the British Mercantile Community, copy of a despatch
received from Sir Rutherford Alcock, k.c.b., H.M. Minister Plenipoten-
tiary, etc.,— No. 6, dated Peking, 8th February, 1866, — giving cover to
Rules communicated by Prince Kung under which Foreign Merchants
will hereafter be permitted to re-pack native produce on which full duties
have been paid, without incurring additional levy.
(Signed) CHARLES A. WINCHESTER,
H.B.M.'s Consul
British Consulate,
Shanghai, 20th March, 1866.
REGULATIONS UNDER WHICH NATIVE PRODUCE ARRIVING
AT A TREATY PORT IN TRANSITU MAY BE REPACKED,
I. — (a.) — Native produce, in transit if arriving in packages of a
form or size unsuited to reshipment, will be permitted to be repacked on
the following conditions, viz., the goods shall be entered for re-export on
arrival and the merchant after ascertaining that re-package is requisite,
shall make report of the same to the Customs when officers will be sent
to make examination and establish the identity of the goods about to
be repacked with those originally entered, which done the Customs will
issue a " Permit to Repack " and appoint officers to repair to the godown
and superintend the repackage.
(b.) — In the case of damaged goods requiring to be repacked, the
Customs on application will, in the same way depute officers to establish
the fact by examination after which a " Permit to Repack" will be issued
and officers appointed to superintend the repackage.
(c.) Native produce thus repacked will be allowed to be re-exported
without further payment of duty, subject to the following conditions,
viz., the re-export shall take place within the regulation period of twelve
months ; at the time of shipment the merchant shall return to the
Customs the " Permit to Repack " and report that the goods for which
" Permit to ship " is requested are goods which arrived on ■ day
from port and for which application for permit to repack was
made on day : having by examination established the fact that
the goods whether consisting of a greater or less number of packages
than when imported, agree in weight and quantity as reported in their
repacked form and condition for shipment with the goods as originally
entered at the time of import, the Customs will treat the goods as if
re-shipped in their original form and condition, that is to say no export
duty will be charged and a Drawback for the amount of Coast Trade
I 227 ]
duty deposited on arrival or a Certificate of Re-export as the case may
be will be issued. The re-export must however take place, or the
Drawback or Certificate of Re-export be applied for and obtained from
the Customs within the period of twelve months above aUuded to.
(d.) — Any excess in respect of weight or quantity in repacked goods
about to be shipped as compared with the weight or quantity reported
on original entry will be held to establish the fact that the goods about
to be shipped are not the identical goods originally entered for re-
export, in all such oases neither Drawback nor Certificate of Re-export
will be issued and full Export Duty will be charged on shipment.
II. — ^Unauthorised or clandestine re-opening of packages or repackage
of native produce without previous report to, and inspection and issue
of Permit to Repack by the Customs will entail the forfeit of the Coast
Trade Duty deposited, and will subject the goods concerned to the
payment of full export duty on shipment.
III. — Changes affecting the nature or quality of merchandise, whether
effected by the substitution or introduction of other goods discovered to
have taken place in native produce opened and repacked whether with
or without Ctistoms permission, and reported for shipment as consisting
of goods arrived in transit and about to be re-exported will entail on all
the goods thus reported for shipment the penalty of confiscation.
rV. — (A.)^-In the case of native produce repacked by authority and
re-exported in full, the Customs will require the return of the Permit to
Repack and when issuing the Re-export Certificate for goods arriving
from the Yangtsze ports will enter therein the number of packages of
which the goods were composed on original arrival and final shipment.
(b.) — ^In the case of produce re-shipped, not in full but in part, the
Customs will enter the quantity shipped on the "Permit to Repack"
and return the same to the merchant, and will likewise certify in the
Certificate of Re-export that ' so many ' packages of ' such and such '
goods corresponding to ' so many ' packages of ' such and such '
consignment, have been re-exported for the information of the port
concerned.
(c.) — " Permits to Repack " returned to the Customs will be
cancelled monthly in the Yamen of the- Superintendent.
[ 228 ]
BEGULATIONS RELATING TO PASSENGERS' LUGGAGE,
DUTY-FREE GOODS, AND STEAM TUGS.
Instituted TTth April, 1867
Peking, ?7th April, 1867.
Sir, — The Chinese Government has deemed it necessary on the
recommendation of the Inspector-General of Customs to frame three
Regulations relative to Passengers' luggage. Duty-free goods, and
Steam Tugs, to prevent mistakes or disputes, and to introduce order and
regularity, where there is now much confusion. While their object is
the protection of the Revenue, it will he seen they are so drawn up as
to secure privileges for merchants, rather than to interfere with their
legitimate liberty of action.
These Regulations have been communicated to the Foreign
Representatives here for their concurrence, and having been taken into
careful consideration by ray colleagues and myself, and unanimously
approved, I have now to forward you the enclosed copy for publication,
and to instruct you to notify to all within your jurisdiction that they
have received my sanction, are consequently binding and obligatory on
British subjects by virtue of the power conferred upon H.M.'s Minister
in China by the 2nd Paragraph of Clause 2, Section 85 of the China and
Japan Order in Council, under the head of " Treaties and Regulation,"
in like manner, as fully as any other Rules and Regulations issued under
the said Order in Council by H.IM.'s iMinister in case of urgency. Tou
will do well also for the better understanding of these Regulations, and
to prevent misapprehension on the part of those more immediately
concerned, to add the following explanations which have been furnished
by the Inspector-General of Customs as to their true purpose and object.
Passengers' Luggage. — The object of this Rule is chiefly to make it
known that the Customs have the right to examine luggage. It is not
intended to be made use of to justly vexatious searches, or to cause to
travellers unnecessary annoyance or delay.
Duty-free Goods. — It is of the very fact of there being certain goods
exempt from duty that makes it the more necessary to subject those
goods to examination, and to bring them under an acknowledged and
understood Rule.
Steam Tugs. — This Rule is simply to place on an acknowledged
footing what is now conceded by the Customs in practice.
Tour obedient servant,
(Signed) RUTHERFORD ALCOCK.
To C. A. Winchester, Esquire,
H.B.M.'s Consul,
Shanghai.
I. — ^Passengers' Ltjggage.
Shipmasters become liable to a fine, if they allow any Pa.ssengers'
Luggage to leave the vessel before the arrival of a tidewaiter oi, board
Luggage supposed to contain dutiable goods or articles of
contraband, if not at once opened by the owner for examination oq
[ 229 ]
board, may be detained and taken to the Oustom-house, the owner ean
there reclaim it, and be present when it is opened and examined. If not
claimed within three days, the Customs will proceed with examination.
The presence of dutiable or contraband goods subjects the luggage
to confiscation, and the owner to a iine.
II. — Dtjty-Feeb Goods.
Duty-free goods are not to be discharged until after the issue of the
" Permit to open hatches." Any violation of this rule subjects the
master of the ship to a fine, of which the amount is fixed by the Treaty ;
whether landed, or merely placed in cargo boats alongside.
Duty-free goods, whether imported or exported, are to be duly
manifested ; they are not to be shipped or discharged without the proper
permit (as in the case of dutiable goods) ; and they must, in every
instance, be taken to the Customs' jetty for examination.
m. — Steam Tugs.
The registers of steamers plying as tugs should be deposited with
the Consul ;" on the receipt of a Consular report, certifying that the
pteamer is to ply as a tug, and is not to engage in carrying trade, the
Customs will register the steamer as such, upon and after which, without
report to or clearance from the Customs, she may come and go, and
move about at pleasure in the harbour and waters adjacent. If about to
proceed to any other Treaty port, such steam tugs must clear from and
report at the Customs in the ordinary way ; and failing to do so will be
liable to a fine of five hundred taels.
Tonnage dues shall be payable by steam tugs once every four
months.
If discovered to be concerned in any smuggling transaction, or in
the unauthorized transport of cargo, the goods will be confiscated, and
the steamer will no longer be regarded as a tug, but will have to report
at and clear from the Customs on each future occasion of arrival in,
or departure from the harbour.
[ 230 ]
RULES FOR JOINT INVESTIGATION IN CASES OF
CONFISCATION AND FINE BY THE CUSTOM
HOUSE AUTHORITIES.*
Agreed to and Promulgated by the British Minister at Peking,
31st May, 1868.
Custom House
business will bo
transacted by the
Commissioner.
"When a seizure is
made, the Com-
missioner will
inform those
interested, who
may then make
their explana-
tions in person,
or, through the
Consul, demand
a public investi-
gation.
On the Consul's
requisition, the
Superintendent
will hold a Court
at which the
Consul will be
present, for the
investigation and
settlement of the
RtJLB I.- — It shall be the R\ile for all business connected with the
Custom House Department to be in the first instance transacted
between the Commissioner of Customs and the Consul, personally or by
letter ; and procedure in deciding cases shall be taken in accordance
with the following Regulations.
Rtoe II. — ^Whenever a ship or goods belonging to a foreign
merchant is seized in a port in China by the Custom House officers, the
seizure shall be reported without delay to the Kien-tuh, or Chinese
Superintendent of Customs. If he considers the seizure justifiable, he
will depute the Shwui-wu-sze, or foreign Commissioner of Customs, to
give notice to the party to whom the ship or goods are
declared to belong, that they have been seized because such or such an
irregularity has been committed, and that they will be confiscated,
unless, before noon on a certain day, being the sixth day from the
delivery of the notice, the Custom House authorities receive from the
Consul an official application to have the case fully investigated.
The merchant to whom the ship or goods belong, if prepared to
maintain that the alleged irregularity has not been committed, is free
to appeal, within the limited time, directly to the Commissioner, who
is to inform the Superintendent. If satisfied with his explanations, the
Superintendent will direct the release of the ship or goods ; otherwise,
if the merchant elect not to appeal to the Customs, or if, after receiving
his explanations, the Superintendent still declines to release the ship
or goods, he may appeal to his Consul, who will inform the
Superintendent of the particulars of this appeal, and request him to
name a day for them both to investigate and try the case publicly
Rule IH.— The Superintendent, on receipt of the Consul's com-
munication, will name a day for meeting at the Custom House ; and
the Consul will direct the merchant to appear with his witnesses there
on the day named, and will himself on that day proceed to the Custom
House. The Superintendent will invite the Consul to take his seat with
him on the bench ; the Commissioner of Customs will also be seated to
assist the Superintendent.
Proceedings will be opened by the Superintendent, who will call on
the Customs' employes who seized the ship or goods to state the
circumstances which occasioned the seizure, and will question them as
to their evidence. Whatever the merchant may have to advance in
contradiction of their evidence he will state to the Consul, who will
cross-examine them for him. Such will be the proceedings in the interest
of truth and equity. The Consul and Superintendent may, if they see
fit, appoint deputies to meet at the Custom House in their stead in
which case the order of proceeding will be the same as if they were
present in person.
* Substitiitedfor the Rules agreed upon in i86s between the Chinese
Government »nd H.B.M. Chargi d' Affaires.
;[ m ]
BtiLE IV.^Notes will be taken of the statements of all parties WhentheConsul
examined, a copy of which will be signed and scaled by the Consul e^t agree to
and Superintendent. The room will then be cleared, and the confiscate, the
Superintendent will inform the Consul of the course he proposes to have no"aOTeal ;
pursue. If he proposes to confiscate the vessel or goods, and the Consul when the cfonsul
dissents, the merchant may appeal ; and the Consul, having given notice g^'^^S^XXnt's
of the appeal to the Superintendent, they will forward certified copies views, the case
of the above notes to Peking,— the former to his Minister, and the latter j;"^^^/,;;;pf^™f
ti the Foreign Of&oe for the decision. authorities at
If the Consul agrees with the Superintendent that the ship or goods claim for °
ought to be confiscated, the merchant will not have the right of appeal ; compensation.
and in no case will the release of ship or goods entitle him to claim
indemnity for their seizure, whether they be released after the
investigation at the Custom House, or after the appeal to the high
authorities of both nations at Peking.
Rule V.— The case having been referred to superior authority, the ^\™p*^i"]jg
merchant interested shall be at liberty to give a bond, binding himself property may be
to pay the full value of the ship or goods, attached, should the ultimate "^J^^^^^JJgJ^g^'•
decision be against him ; which bond, being sealed with the Consular appellant refuses
seal, and deposited at the Custom House, the Superintendent will to execute a
restore to the merchant the ship or goods attached; and when the cS any"™""'
superior authorities shall have decided whether so much money is to be indemnity.
paid, or the whole of the property seized be confiscated, the merchant
will be called on to pay accordingly. If he decline to give the necessary
security, the ship or merchandise attached will be detained. But
whether the decision of the superior authorities be favorable or not, the
appellant will not be allowed to claim indemnity.
Rtjlb VI. — ^When the act of which a merchant at any port is accused when the
is not one involving the confiscation of ship or cargo, but is one which, J,™ p^'nj^habie
by Treaty or Regulation, is punishable by fine, the Commissioner will by line, the
report the case to the Superintendent, and at the same time cause a Commissioner
plaint to be entered in the Consular Court. The Consul will fix the day piaint at the
of the trial, and inform the Commissioner that he may then appear with Consulate, and
the evidence and the witnesses in the case. And the Commissioner, -Jui hold a Court,
either personally or by deputy, shall take his seat on the bench, and the Oommis-
conduot the case on behalf of the prosecution. pr™ent,Xf
When the Treaty or R,egulations affix a specific fine for the offence, Settlement"
the Consul shall on conviction give judgment for that amount, the of the case.
power of mitigating the sentence resting with the Superintendent and ^hen the
Commissioner. If the defendant is acquitted, and the Commissioner ais.sents from
does not demur to the decision, the ship or goods, if any be under the Consul's
seizure, shall at once be released, and the circumstances of the case be ™i7b6 referred
communicated to the Superintendent. The merchant shall not be put to the superior
to any expense by delay, but he shall have no claim for compensation on pg^n^''^^ **
account of hindrance in his business, for- loss of interest, or for
demurrage. If a difference of opinion exists between the Commissioner
and Consul, notice to that effect shall be given to the Superintendent,
and copies of the whole proceedings forwarded to Peking for the
consideration of their respective high authorities. Pending their
decision, the owner of the property must file a bond in the Consular
Court to the full value of the proposed fine, which will be sent to the
Custom House authorities by the Consul, and the goods or ship will be
released.
Rule \11. — If the Custom House authorities and Consul cannot Disputed duties
agree as to whether certain duties are leviable or not, action must be f" ^^ temporari-
taken as Rule V directs, and the merchant must sign a Bond for the andgoodrtobe
value of the duties in question. The Consul will affix his seal to this returned under
document, and send it to the Custom House authorities, when thei referencTto"^
Superintendent will release the goods without receiving the duty ; and Peking.
these two functionaries will respectively send statements of the ease to
Peking, — one to his Minister, the other to the Foreign Office.
[ 232 ]
If it shall be decided there that no duty shall be levied, the Custom
House authorities will return the merehant's bond to the Consul to be
cancelled ; but if it be decided that a certain amount of duty is leviable,
the Consul shall require the merchant to pay it in at the Custom House.
When valuations RuLB VHI. — ^If the Consul and the Custom House authorities
ownerl v'alue^is* cannot agree as to whether confiscation of a sh'p, or a cargo, or both
to be taken as of them together, being the property of a foreign merchant, shall take
the correct one ; place, the case must be referred to Peking for the decision of the
House is to have Foreign Office, and the Minister of his nation. Pending their decision,
the option of the merchant must, in accordance with Rule V, sign a bond for the
ship o?|oods at fi^ount, to which the Consul will affix his seal, and send it for deposit
that valuation, at the Custom House.
As difference of opinion as to the value [of ship or goods] may arise,
the valuation of the merchant will be decisive ; and the Ciistom House
authorities may, if they see fit, take over either at the price aforesaid.
If after such purchase it be decided that the property seized ought
to b© confiscated, the merchant must redeem his bond by paying in at
the Custom House the original amount of the purchase-money. If the
decision be against confiscation, the bond will be returned to the Consul
for transmission to the merchant, and the case then be closed. The
sum paid to the Custom House authorities for ship or goods being
regarded as their proper price, it will not be in the merchant's power
by a tender of the purchase-money, to recover them.
[ 233 ]
GENERAL PILOTAGE REGULATIONS.
Agreed to and published hy the British Minister, 3rd Nuveinier, ISGS.
Genbbal Regulation. — I.
I. — Bye Laws and Local Rules. — 1. — Bye-laws and Rules necessary
for the better ordering of Pilotage matters at the Ports are to be drawn
up by the Harbour Masters in consultation with the Consuls aud
Chambers of Commerce with whom also it rests in the same way to fix
the number of Pilots, tariff of charges, and define the limits of the
Pilotage ground.
2. — ^The number of Pilots for the Port of shall be
3. — ^The Pilotage ground for the Port of shall be
defined as follows, viz : —
4. — The Pilotage charges shall be as follows, viz : — ■
Steamers, or Sailing Vessels in tow, per foot . . .
Sailing Vessels, per foot . . .
Genbbal Regulation. — II.
II. — Pilots: individuals eligible- — The subjects, citizens or proteges
of Treaty Powers shall, equally with natives of China, and without
distinction of nationality, be eligible for appointment when vacancies
occur, by the Board of Appointment, subject to the General Regulations
now issued, and the Bye-laws to be under them enforced at the several
Ports respectively.
General Regulation. — III.
III. — Board of Appointment : how to be constructed. — The Board of
Appointment shall consist of the Harbour Master as President, the (or
a) Senior Pilot, and two persons whose names shall be drawn by lot, by
the Harbour Master, from a list prepared and published by the Harbour
Master in consultation with the Consuls and Chambers of Commerce.
General Regulation. — IV.
IV. — Vacancies : liow to be filled up. — i. — Whenever there may be a
vacancy among the Pilots, it shall be duly notified in the local prints ;
and eight days afterwards the Board of Appointment shall proceed to
fill it up by a competitive examination.
2. — The Board may refuse to admit to the examination any one who,
having once been a Licensed Pilot, has had his Licence withdrawn, and
also any candidate who is unable to produce Consular certifications as
to character, etc.
3. — The examination sIiuU be public aud gratuitous, and the
vacancies shall be given to the most competent among the candidates
without distinction of nationality, provided always the competency of
the first on the list be not relative but absolute.
4. — The Consul ccncerned may in person, or by deputy, be ptesent
and take part in the examination of candida^tes.
5. — ^The majority of the votes ol the Members of the Board shall
decide the admission of candidates for Pilot Licences, each Member
having one vote in the ballot ; but in the absence of the Consul
concerned, the Harbour Master shall have a casting vote.
[ 234 ]
General Beguiation. — V.
v.— Pilot's Licence: ly whom to he issued.— i.— Pilots' Licences shall
be issued by the Commissioner of Customs in the name and on betialt
of the Chinese Government. Licences issued to Pilots not being natives
of China shall subsequently be vised and registered at the Consulate
concerned. ^., , , „ .,
2.— On the first day of July each year, every Pilot shall pay the sum
of Ten Haikuan Taels for the renewal of his Licence.
3.— Every Licensed Pilot shall be given a printed copy of the
General Begulations and Local Rules, and shall produce the same, as
well as his Licence, when required.
General Regulation. — ^VI.
YI.— Apprentice Pilots: how to he taken.— i— It shall be allowable
for each Licensed Pilot to take an Apprentice, for whom he shall be
responsible. On the application of Pilots, the Harbour Master will
supply Apprentices with special certificates.
2._When the circumstances of the Port appear to demand it, the
Harbour Master may authorise Apprentices to act temporarily, and
within certain limits, as Pilots ; provided they have received certificates
of competency from the Board of Appointment.
General Regulation. — ^VH.
VII. — Licensed Pilots: to whom subordinated: Unlicensed piloting,
etc. — I. — Licensed Pilots may carry on their business either singly or in
companies. They must pay due respect to the wishes and instructions
of the Harbour Master under whose orders and control they are placed,
and who is invested with power to suspend or dismiss, subject to an
appeal to the Consul concerned. When the Pilot is a Foreigner the
appeal to be lodged within three days.
2. — If guilty of any misconduct for which Consular punishment has
been inflicted, .or if proved to have committed any offence against
Revenue Laws, the individual concerned may be suspended or dismissed
by the Harbour Master, subject to an appeal to his Consul. If a
Foreigner the appeal to be lodged within three days.
3. — Any one piloting without a Licence, or making use of another's
Licence, shall be subject to prosecution before his own authorities, who
will deal with the offender in accordance with the Laws of his country.
Any Pilot lending his Licence to another will be proceeded against and
dealt with in the same way in addition to forfeiting his Licence.
4. — ^Any Commanding Officer emploj-ing an unlicensed person to
pilot his vessel will be liable to be fined in the sum of One Hundred Taels
by the Authorities to whose jurisdiction he is amenable.
General Regulation. — Vm.
Vin. — Piht Boats : regulations to he ohserved. — ^i. — ^Pilot Boats shall
be registered with their crews at the Harbour Master's office, where each
boat will be given a certificate and number. The word, " Licensed Pilot
Boat," shall with the number, be legibly painted at the stem, and on
the head of the main-sail ; and a flag of which the upper horizontal half
shall be yellow, and the lower green, shall be flown. Such registered
Pilot Boats shall deposit their national papers with their Consul or the
Customs ; they shall be at liberty to move freely within the limits of the
Ports and Pilotage ground, and shall be exempt from Tonnage l>ues.
On the requisition of the Harbour Master or his deputies, it will be
obligatory on registered Pilot Boats to convey, from place to place
within the limits, employes belonging to either Customs' or Harbour
Master's Departments, with such stores as may be wanted for either
Light-houses or Light-ships.
2.— Every Licensed Pilot Boat shall pay a fee of Twenty Taels for
renewal of Licence on the first July eaeb year.
[ 235 ]
3. — ^In case of a Pilot going o£E in an unregistered Boat, he will be
authorised to carry the Pilot Boat Flag during the time he is on board ;
but no Pilot is authorised to cruise in an unregistered Boat, without
special permission from the Harbour Master.
4.— ^The owner or hirer of an unregistered Boat making use of a
Pilot Flag, and not having a Licensed Pilot on board, shall be prosecuted
before the authorities to whom he is amenable, or whose Flag or national
Ensign he has the right to use.
5.— A registered Pilot Boat is not permitted to fly the Pilot Flag,
save when there is either a Licensed Pilot or certificated Apprentice on
board.
General Regttlation. — IX.
IX. — Flags to be exhibited on arrical. — ^When nearing anchorage, the
Pilot shall cause to be exhibited —
A Red and White Flag (No. 3 — H) if the vessel is from Hongkong,
Japan, or any Chinese Port.
A Blue and White Flag (No. 2 — J) if from any Foreign Port.
A Yellow and Blue (No. 10 — K) if the vessel is in ballast.
A Red Swallow Tail (No. 5 — B) if the vessel has gun-powder or other
combustible on board.
General Regulation. — ^X.
X. — Harbour Pilots: Vessels in Harbour Berthing, etc- — i. — The
duties of the Harbour Pilots, where such exist, will be to take charge
of vessels at the outer limit of the anchorage, berth them in accordance
with the orders received from the Harbour Master's Department, take
charge of vessels shifting berths, going in or out of dock, or to and from
a wharf or out of the anchorage, and to assist and report to the Harbour
Master's ofBce all matters concerning the shipping in Port, and the
conservancy of the river or harbour.
2. — ^In berthing vessels, the Harbour Master will, as far as possible,
meet the wishes of Commanding Officers and Consignees, and the
entrance, working, or clearance of vessels taking berths not assigned to
them shall be stopped by the Customs until the Harbour Master's orders
are complied with.
3. — ^Vessels are to moor in accordance with orders received from the
Harbour Master, and are not to remove from the anchorage without his
permission.
4. — TloLe Harbour Pilotage Fees payable to the Harbour Master are
as follows : —
For berthing a vessel, or taking her out of port. . .
Docking, undooking, mooring, etc
Shifting a vessel's berth
Taking a vessel to or from a wharf
The above Rules and Regulations are provisional and may be
amended, or added to, adcording to circumstances.
[ 236 ■ ]
RULES FOR THE MIXED COURT AT SHANGHAI.
Indituted SOtli April, 1809.
NOTIPICATIOX.
The undersigned is instructed by H.B.M.'s Minister Plenipotentiary
and Envoy Extraordinary, etc., etc., etc., to declare the following Rul«js
for the Mixed Court to be in force for a period of one year from this
date, unless otherwise ordered.
(Signed) W. H. MEDHURST,
H.B.M.'s Consul.
H.B.M. CONSTJLATE,
Shanghai, 20th April, 1869.
An Official having the rank of Sub-Prefect will be deputed to reside
within the foreign settlement. He will have a jurisdiction in
commercial suits and in ci'\'il and criminal cases, generally within the
foreign settlements. He will have an official residence, and will he
furnished with the cangue, the bamboo, and the minor means of
pi'jiishment. He will provide food and lodging [for prisoners].
He will decide all civil and commercial suits between Chinese
resident within the settlements, and also between Chinese and foreign
residents, in cases where Chinese are defendants, by Chinese law. He
will be authorised to examine Chinese judicially, to detain them in
custody, and to punish them by putting them in the cangue, by-flogging,
and by other minor punishments.
2. — Where a Foreigner is concerned in a cause to be tfied, a Consul
or his Deputy shall sit with the Sub-Prefect at the trial; but where
Chinese only are concerned the Sub-Prefect shall adjudicate
independently — ^the Consuls shall not interfere.
3. — Where a defendant is a native in foreign employ, the Sub-
Prefect will first communicate particvilars to the Consul [of the
nationality concerned], who will be bound to place the parties before
the Court without attempting to screen or conceal them. A Consvil
or his Deputy may attend the hearing, but he shall not interfere if no
foreign interest is involved. The servants of non-trading Consuls shall
not be arrested unless with the sanction of their masters.
4. — ^In cases where Chinese subjects are charged with grave offences
punishable by death and the various degrees of banishment, where, by
Chinese law, a local officer with an independent seal would send up the
case for revision by the Provincial Judge, who would submit it to the
high authorities to be by them referred to His Majesty or the Board of
Punishment, — it will still be for the District Magistrate of Shanghai to
take action.
Inquests, when needed, ate to be held by the District Magistrate
of Shanghai, independently of the Sub-Prefect.
6- — A Chinese criminal escaping to the foreign settlements can be
Blimmarily arrested by the Sub-Prefect without warrant from the
District Magistrate or aid from the Municipal police.
[ 237 ]
6. — Suits between natives and foreigners shall be decided equitably
and impartially, and in accordance with Treaties. The Treaty provision
is to be followed in cases where the foreigner has a Consul. When the
foreigner has no Consul, the Sub-Prefect sitting with a foreign
[Consular] Assessor shall try the case, submitting the decision for the
consideration of the Taotai. Should either party to a case be dissatisfied
with the Sub-Prefect's decision, application for a new trial can be made
to the Taotai or to the proper Consul.
7. — ^Foreigners, who may be charged with any ofl^ence, if represented
by Consuls on the spot, shall be dealt with by them as the Treaties
provide. Unrepresented foreign offenders will be tried and sentenced
by the Suh-Prefeot, the finding being submitted for the Taotai's
approval, who will consiilt with some Treaty Power Consul on the
subject. Where the offenders are Chinese, the Sub-Pjefect will inflict
tlie proper legal punishment.
8. — The necessary staff of translators, linguists, writers and
servants, will be engaged by the Sub-Prefect, as also a foreigner or two
for general purposes, by whom also, foreign offenders having no Consul
will be brought to trial or kept in custody when necessary. All expenses
are to be drawn from the Taotai monthly. Acts of extortion or
annoyance on the part of any of the employers shall be severely punished.
9. — The Sub-Prefect shall keep a daily certified record of arrests
made and cases tried, giving the names of the parties arrested and
recording the grounds of decision in each case. This shall be open to
the inspection of the superior authorities. Should the Sub-Prefect be
inefficient or notorious he will be denovmced and removed from office,
another being appointed in his place.
10. — ^When the Sub-Prefect has tried a case, should it be ascertained
that plaintiff's charge was false or exaggerated, said plaintiff, whether
native or foreigner, shall on conviction be mulcted by the Sub-Prefect
in accordance with Eules which will be jointly drawn up by the Sub-
Prefect and Consiils, and submitted for the Taotai's approval, and in
the interests of justice, native and foreigner, must in this respect be
treated with perfect impartiality.
[ 238 ]
REGULATION RELATING TO DRAWBACK CERTIFICATES.
In pursuance of an Agreement arrived at with Mr. von Brandt,
Minister Plenipotentiary of Germany, in December, 1876, the following
Regulation was proposed by the Chinese Government, and assented to
by the Foreign Representatives at Peking.
" In the case of all merchandise of a bond fide foreign origin, which
after having paid the full import duty it shall be desired to re-export
to a foreign country, provided that the goods remain intact and
unchanged in the original packages, the first day of the first month of
the third year of Kwang Sii (ISth February, 1877), shall be the period
from which a period of thirty-six months shall be allowed,* counting
from the date of importation to the date of exportation, within which
the issue of drawback certificates may be applied for, the said certificates
being exchangeable for read)' money at the option of the merchant.
" Drawback certificates issued previously to the 13th of February,
1877, being unlimited as to time, shall be receivable on payment of duty,
but shall not be redeemable in cash."
ADDENDUM.
As the wording of the Transit Duty clause of the Tarifi Rules
appended to the Treaty concluded with the United States in 1858
presents some points of difference, in its preamble and conclusion, from
that of the clause as originally negotiated by the Earl of Elgin (see p.
30), the wording of the United States' text is here reproduced so far as
it differs from that of the British Tariff Rule : —
Rule "VTI. — It is agreed that the transit dues upon goods imported
or exported shall be one-half of the tariff duties, except in the case of
the duty-free goods liable to a transit-duty of 2^ per cent, ad valorem,
as provided in Article II of these Rules. Merchandise shall be cleared
of its transit dues under the following conditions : —
In the case of Imports : — [Same as British text.]
In the case of Exports : — [Same as in British text, down to the
words " on exportation the produce will pay the tariff duty." The U. S.
text continues as follows] :
Any attempt to pass goods inwards or outwards, otherwise than in
compliance with this rule or unauthorized sale in transitu of goods that
have been entered as above for a port, will render them liable to
confiscation. Any attempt to pass goods in excess of the quantity
specified in the certificate will render all the goods of the same
denomination named in the certificate liable to confiscation. Permission
to export produce, which camiot be proved to have paid its transit dues,
will be refused by the Customs until they shall have been paid. It being
allowed by this rule that the transit dues on merchandise shall be levied
once for all, no others shall be demanded after they have been paid.
Sw British Agreement of Chetoo, Section III, § V.
{ 239 1
FRAN^OE.
TREATY OF PEACE, FRIENDSHIP, AND COMMERCE
BETWEEN FRANCE AND CHINA.
Signed at Tientsin, 9th June, 1885.
The President of the French Republic and His Majesty the
Emperor of China each animated by an equal desire to bring to an end
the diffioulties which have given rise to their simultaneous intervention
in the affairs of Annam, and wishing to re-establish and improve the
relations of friendship and commerce which previously existed between
France and China, have resolved to conclude a new treaty to further
the common interest of both nations on the basis of the preliminary
Convention signed at Tientsin on the 11th May, 1884, and ratified by
an Imperial decree of the 13th April, 1885.
For that purpose the two high contracting parties have appointed Plenipoton-
as their Plenipotentiaries the following, that is to say : ■ — tiaries.
The President of the French Republic, M. Jules Patenotre, Envoy Pateiiotre.
Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary for France in China, Officer
of the Legion of Honour, Grajid Cross of the Swedish Order of the
Pole Star, etc., etc. ;
And His Majesty the Emperor of China, Li Hung-chang, Imperial Li Hung-chang,
Commissioner, Senior Grand Secretary of State, Grand Honorary
Preceptor of the Heir Presumptive ; Superintendent of Trade for the
Northern Ports, Governor-General of the Province of Chihli, of the
First degree of th^ Third Order of Nobility, with the title of Sou-yi ;
Assisted by Hsi Chen, Imperial Commissioner, Member of the Hsicben.
Tsung-li Yamen, President of the Board of Punishments, Administrator
of the Treasury at the Ministry of Finance, Director of Schools for the
Education of Hereditary Officers of the Left Wing of the Yellow
Bordered Banner ;
And Teng Ohang-su, Imperial Commissioner, Member of the Tens Chang-su.
Tsung-li Yamen, Director of the Board of Ceremonies ;
Who having communicated their full powers, which have been
found in good and due form, have agreed upon the following Articles : • —
Art. I.^France engages to re-establish and maintain order in pea^etotg
those provinces of Annam which border upon the Chinese empire. For established on
this purpose she will take the necessary measures to disperse or expel Tonkin-Chiua
the baflds of pirates and vagabonds who endanger the public safety, and
to prevent their collection together aga.in. Nevertheless the French
troops shall not, under any circumstances, cross the frontier which
separates Tonkin from China, which frontier France promises both to
respect herself and to guarantee against any aggression whatsoever.
On her part China undertakes to disperse or expel such bands as
may take refuge in her provinces bordering on TonMn and to disperse
those which it iftay be attempted to form there for the purpose of causing
disturbances amongst the populations placed under the protection of
France ; ^nd, in consideration of the guarantees which have been given
as to the security of the frontier, she likewise engages npt to send troops
into Tonkia.
China respects
FjaiU'O-
Anr.anuse
Tivatit's, etc.
Froiitipr
Delimitation.
P.issports
[1 246 y
The high contracting parties will fix, by a special convention, the
conditions under which the extradition of malefactors between China
and Annam shall be carried out.
The Chinese, whether colonists or disbanded soldiers, who reside
peaceably in Annam, supporting themselves by agriculture, industry, or
trade, and whose conduct shall give no cause of complaint, shall enjoy
the same security for their persons and property as French proteges.
Art. II. — China, being resolved to do nothing which may imperil
the work of pacification undertaken by France, engages to respect, both
in the present and in the future, th^ treaties, conventions, and
arrangements concluded directly between France and Annam, or which
may hereafter be concluded.
As regards the relations between China and Annam, it is under-
stood they shall be of such a nature as shall in no way injure the dignity
of the Chinese empire or give rise to any violation of the present treaty.
Akt. III. — Within a period of six months from the signature of
the present treaty. Commissioners appointed by the high contracting
parties shall proceed to the spot in order to define the frontier between
China and Tonkin. They shall place landmarks wherever necessary
to render the line of demarcation clear. In those cases where they may
iiiot be able to agree as to the location of these landmarks or on such
rectifications of detail as it may be desirable to make, in the interest of
the two nations, in the existing frontier of Tonkin, they shall refer the
difficulty to their respective Governments.
Art. IV. — When the frontier shall have been agreed vipon, French
or French proteges and foreign residents of Tonkin who may wish to
cross it in order to enter China shall not be allowed to do so unless
they .-hall have previously provided themselves with passports issued by
ths Chinese frontier authorities on the requisition of the French
authorities. For CThinese subjects an authorisation given by thei
Imperial frontier authorities shall be sufficient.
Chinese subjects wishing to proceed from China to Tonkin by the
land route shall be obliged to provide themselves with regular passports,
issued by the French authorities on the requisition of the Imperial
authorities.
Inland places of Art. V. — Import and export trade shall be permitted to French
agreed on and 01' French-protected traders and to Chinese traders across the land
opened. frontier between China and Tonkin. It shall, however, be carried on
through certain spots which shall be settled later, and both the selection
and number of which shall correspond with the direction and
importance of the traffic between the two countries. In this respect the
Regulations in force in the interior of the Chinese Empire shall be taken
into account.
Consuls to be In any case, two of the said spots shall be marked out on the Chinese
appointed. Frontier, the one above Lao-kai, the other beyond Lang-son. French
traders shall be at liberty to settle there under the same conditions, and
with the same advantages, as in the ports open to foreign trade. The
Government of His Majesty the Emperor of China shall establish
oustom-houses there, and the Government of the French RepubUo shall
be at liberty to maintain Consuls there, whose powers and privileges
shall be identical with those of Agents of the same rank in the open
ports.
On his part. His Majesty the Emperor of China shall be at liberty,
with the concurrence of the French Government, to appoint Consuls in
the principal towns of Tonkin.
[ 241 ]
Abt. VI.— a special code of Regulations, annexed to the present Bg°"i['l^ '^™t*'l„
Treaty, shall define the conditions under which trade shall ie carried fyiwa up " ° "
on by land between Tonkin and the Chinese provinces of Yunnan, of
Kwang-si, and of Kwang-tung. Such Regulations shall be drawn up by
Commissioners, who shall be appointed by the High Contracting Parties,
within three months from the signature of the present Treaty.
All goods dealt with by such trade shall be subject, on import and
export between Tonkin and the Provinces of Yiinnan and Kwang-si,
to duties lower than those laid down by the present Tariff for foreign
trade. The reduced Tariff shall not, however, be applied to goods Reduced Tariff.
transported by way of the land frontier between Tonkin and Kwang-
tung, and shall not be enforced within the ports already open by Treaty.*
Trade in r.rms, engines, supplies, and mimitions of war of any kind
whatsoever ; hall be subject to the Laws and Regulations issued by each
of the Contracting States within its own territory.
The export and import of opium shall be governed by special
arrangements to be inserted in the above-mentioned code of Regulations.
Trade by sea between China and Annam shall likewise be dealt with
by a separate code of Regulations. In the meanwhile, the present
practice shall remain unaltered.
Aet. VII. — With a view to develop under the most advantageous Bailways,eto.,to
conditions the relations of commerce and of good neighbourship, which ^o^j^f™*^ "^ '"
it is the object of the present Treaty to re-establish between Prance and
China, the Government of the Republic shall construct roads in Tonkin,
and shall encourage the construction of railways there.
When China, on her part, shall have decided to construct railways, China may apply
it is agreed that she shall have recourse to French industry, and the to France for
Government of the Republic shall afford every facility for procuring in building.
Prance the staff that may be required. It is, moreover, understood that
this clause shall not be looked upon as constituting an exclusive privilege
in favour of Prance.
Art. Vm. — The commercial stipulations of the present Treaty and Bsvision at end
the Regulations to be agreed vipon shall be liable to revision after an °' ^'^ years,
interval of ten complete years from the date of the exchange of the
ratifications of the present Treaty. But in case six months before it
expires neither one nor other of the High Contracting Parties shall have
expressed a wish to proceed to a revision, the commercial stipulations
shall remain in force for a fresh period of ten years, and so further in
like manner.
Akt. IX. — As soon as the present Treaty shall have been signed, Ke'.nng, etc. to
the French forces shall receive orders to retire from Kelung and to ^^ evacuated,
cease search, etc., on the high seas. Within one month from the
s'frnature of the present Treaty the Island of Formosa and Pescadores
shall bo entirely evacuated by the French troops.
Art. X — All stipvilations of former Treaties, Agreements, and
Conventions between Prance and China, which are not modified by the
present Treaty, remain in full force.
The present Treaty shall be ratified at once by his Majesty the
Emperor of China, and after it shall have been ratified by the President
of the French Republic, the exchange of ratification shall take place at
Peking with the least possible delay.
Done in quadruplicate at Tientsin, this 9th June, 1885, correspond- 9t'i 'Tune, iss.-,.
ing to the 27th day of the 4th moon of the 11th year of Kwang Sii.
[L.S.] (Signed) PATENOTRE.
HSI CHEN.
LI HUNG-CHANG.
TENG CHANG-SU.
V, p. 249 Alt. III.
[ 242 ]
TRADE REGULATIONS FOR THE ANNAM FRONTIER
JOINTLY DETERMINED ON BY
FRANCE AND CHINA.
Signed at Peking, 25th April, 1886.
(Translated from the French Text.)
Plenipoten-
tiaries.
Cogordan.
Li Jlmig-chang.
Frontier Treaty
Porta.
Whereas in Article VI. of the Treaty between the President of the
French Republic and His Majesty the Emperor of China, signed the
9th day of June, 1885, it is stated that " Regulations for the conduct of
overland trade between Tonkin and the Chinese provinces of Yiinuan,
Kwang-si, and Kwang-tung shall be jointly discussed and concluded by
Commissioners appointed by the two Powers, and will form a supplement
to the present Treaty," and whereas in the tenth article of that
agreement it is set forth that " provisions of former Treaties and
Regulations agreed to by France and China, except in so far as they are
modified by the present agreement, will continue to retain their original
validity," the two High Contracting Parties have for this purpose named
as their Plenipotentiaries, that is to say : —
The President of the French Republic, Q. Cogordan, Minister
Plenipotentiary of France to China, Officer of the Legion of Honour,
^night of the Order of the Crown of Italy, etc., etc., together with E.
Bruwaert, Consul of the first class. Assistant Commissioner for Treaty
negotiations. Knight of the Order of Gustav of Sweden, and of the Order
of Leopold of Belgium ;
And His Majesty the Emperor of China, Li, Grand Preceptor of
the Heir Apparent, Grand Secretary of State, Superintendent of Trade
for the Northern Sea-board, Joint Commissioner of Admiralty, Governor
of Chili, and a member of the first degree of the third order of the
hereditary nobility, with the title of Sou-yi ;
Who after having communicated to each other their respective full
powers, and found them to be in due form, have concluded the follow-
ing Articles : —
Art. I. — In accordance with the terms of Article V. of the Treaty
of the 9th June, 1885, the high contracting parties agree that for the
present two places shall be opened to trade, one to the north of Langson
and the other above Lao-kai. China will establish Custom HoUses
there, and France shall have the right to appoint Consuls, who shall
enjoy all rights and privileges conceded in China to the Consuls of the
most favoured nation.
The work of the Commission charged with the delimitation of the
two countries not being completed at the time of the signature of the
present Convention, the place to be opened to trade north of Langson
shall be selected and determined in the course of the present year by
arrangement between the Imperial Government and the representative
of France at Peking. As to the place to be opened to trade above Lao-
kai, this will also be determined by common accord when the frontier
between the two countries shall have been defined.
[ 243 ]
Abt. II. — The Imperial Government may appoint Consuls at Hanoi Chinese Consuls,
and at Haiphong. Chinese Consuls may also be sent later on to other
large towns in Tonkin by arrangement with the French Government.
The agents shall be treated in the same manner and have the same
rights and privileges as the Consuls of the most favoured nation in
France. Tkey shall maintain official relations with the French
authorities charged with the Protectorate.
Abt. in. — It is agreed, on the one side and the other, that in the Residence at
places where Consuls are appointed the respective authorities will Piioeof trado.
facilitate the installation of these agents in suitable residences.
Frenchmen may establish themselves in the places opened to trade
on the frontier of China under the conditions set forth in the Articles
VII., X., XI., Xn., and others of the treaty of the 27th June, 1858.
Annamites shall enjoy in these places the same privileged treatment.
Art. IV. — Chinese shall have the right of possessing land, erecting Chinese in
buildings, opening commercial houses, and having warehouses through- Annam.
out Annam.
They shall receive for their persons, their families, and their goods
the same protection as the most favoured European nation, and, like
the latter, may not be made the object of any ill-treatment. The official
and private correspondence and telegrams of Chinese officials and
merchants shall be freely transmitted through the French postal and
telegraphic administrations.
Frenchmen will receive from China the same privileged treatment.
Art. V. — Frenchmen, French proteges, and foreigners residing in Frontier
Tonkin may cross the frontiers and enter China on condition of being P'''^p°'' ■'■
furnished with passports. These passports will be given by the Chinese
authorities at the frontier, on the reqviisition of the French authorities,
who will ask for them only for respectable persons ; they will be
surrended to be cancelled on the holder's return. In the case of those
who have to pass any place occupied by aborigines or savages, it will be
mentioned in the passport that there are no Chinese officials there who
can protect them .
Chinese who wish to come from China to Tonkin by land must in
the same way be furnished with passports granted by the French
authorities on the requisition of the Chiiiese authorities, who will ask
for them only on behalf of respectable persons.
The passports so granted on the one side or the other shall serve
only as titles to travel and shall not be considered as certificates of
exemption from taxes for the transport of merchandise.
Chinese authorities on Chinese soil and French authorities in Tonkin
shall have the right to arrest persons who have crossed the frontier
without passports and send them back to their respective authorities to
be tried and punished if necessary.
Chinese residing in Annam may return from Tonkin to China on
simply obtaining from the Imperial authorities a pass permitting them
to cross the frontier.
Frenchmen and other persons established in the open places on the
frontier may travel without passports to a distance of 50 li (578 metres
to the li) around such places.
,Abt. VI. — Merchandise imported into the places opened to trade Frontier trade
on th« frontier of China by French merchants and French proteges may, foreign
after payment of the import duties, be conveyed to the interior markets '^™
of China under the conditions fixed by Rule VII annexed to the Treaty
of the 27th June, 1858, and by the general rules of the Chinese Imperial
Maritime Customs with regard to import transit passes.
[ 244 ]
When foreign merchandise is imported into these places a
declaration shall be made at the Custom House of the nature and
quantity of the merchandise, as well as of the name of the person by
whom it is accompanied. The Customs authorities will proceed to
verification, and will collect the duty according to the general tariff of
Eertuced tariff, the Imperial Maritime Customs, diminished by one-fifth. Articles not
mentioned in the tariff will remain subject to the duty of 5 per cent.
ad valorem. Until this duty has been paid the goods may not be taken
out of the warehouses to be sent away and sold.
A merchant wishing to send foreign merchandise into the interior
shall make a fresh declaration at the Custom House, and pay, without
Transit Pases. reduction, the transit dues fixed by the general rules of the Chinese
Maritime Customs.
After this payment the Customs will deliver a transit pass which
will enable the carriers to go to the localities mentioned in the pass for
the purpose of disposing of the said merchandise.
Under these conditions, no new duties will be levied at the interior
barriers or lehin stations.
Merchandise for which transit passes have not been obtained will
be liable to all the barrier and likin duties imposed npon indigenous
products in the interior of the country.
Native
products :
transit
outwards.
Tonuage dues.
Art. VII. — Merchandise bought by Frenchmen and persons under
French protection in the interior markets of China may be brought into
the open places on the frontier, for the purpose of being from thence
exported to Tonkin, under the conditions fixed by Rule VH. annexed
to the Treaty of 27th June, 1858, with regard to the transit of
merchandise for export.
When Chinese merchandise for export arrives at these places,
declaration shall be made at the Custom House as to the nature and
quantity of the merchandise, as well as the name of the person
accompanying it.
The Customs authorities will proceed to verification.
Such of this merchandise as shall have been bought in the interior
by a merchant furnished with a transit pass, and which consequently
has not paid any likin or barrier duty, shall in the first place pay the
transit duty fixed by the general tariff of the Chinese Maritime Customs.
It shall then pay the export duty diminished by one-third. Articles
la,ot named in the tariff will remain subject to the duty of 5 per cent.
ad valorem.
After payment of these duties the merchandise will be allowed to
pass free, and to be sent beyond the frontier.
The merchant who, not being furnished with a transit pass, has
bought goods in the interior, shall pay the duties levied at the barriers
and lehin stations ; receipts shall be delivered to him, and on arriving at
the Custom House he shall be exempted from payment of the transit
dues on presentation of these receipts.
French merchants and persons under French protection importing
or exporting merchandise through the Customs offices on the frontiers
of Yiinnan and Kwangsi, and Chinese merchants importing or exporting
merchandise to or from Tonkin, will not have to pay any toll on their
carriages or beasts of burden. On the navigable water-courses on the
frontier, vessels may, on the one side and the other, be subjected to the
payment of tonnage-dues, conformably to the rules of the Maritime
Customs of the two countries.
* Modified p. 249 Art. HI.
[ 245 ]
As regards the provisions of the present article and the preceding
one, it is agreed by the high contracting parties that if a new Customs
tariff should be established by common accord between CSiina and a
third Power, for trade by land on the south-western frontiers of the
Chinese Empire, France shall obtain the application of it.
Art. VIII. — ^Foreign merchandise which, not having been sold Re-Bxports:
within a period of thirty-six months after having paid the import duty frontier porb ; °
at one of the Chinese frontier Customs stations, is forwarded to the
other frontier Customs station, shall be examined at the first of these
stations, and if the wrappings are foimd intact, and if nothing has been
disturbed or changed, a certificate of exemption for the amount of the
first duty collected will be given. The bearer of this certificate will
deliver it to the other frontier station, in payment of the new duty(
which he will have to pay. The Customs may in like manner give bonds
which will be available for payment of duties at the Custom House by
which they are issued any time within three years. Money will never
be retitmed.
If the same merchandise is re-despatched to one of the open ports To Coast port,
of China, it will there, conformably to the general rules of the Chinese
Maritime Customs, be subject to payment of the import duties, and
the certificates or bonds given at the frontier Customs shall not there
be made use of. Neither will it be allowed to present there, in payment
of duties, the quittances delivered by the frontier Cvistoms on the first
payment. As to transit dues, conformably to the rules in force at the
open ports, when once they have been paid, bonds or exemption
certificates will never be given in respect of these.
Art. IX. — Chinese merchandise which, after having paid transit Exports:
and export dues at one of the frontier Customs stations, may be sent to fj',,'j'''Jf ^' t .
the other frontier Customs station to be sold, shall be subjected on its '
arrival at the second station only to a payment — called a re-importation
duty — of one-half the export duty already collected. The merchandise
conformably to the rules established in the open ports may not be
transported into the interior by foreign merchants.
If this Chinese merchandise be transported to one of the open ports at Coast port.
of China, it will be assimilated to foreign merchandise, and shall pay a
new import duty in full, conformably to the general tariff of the
Imperial Maritime Customs.
This merchandise will be allowed to pay transit duty on being sent
into the interior. Chinese merchandise imported from a Chinese
seaport into an Annamite port in order to be transported to the land
frontier and then to re-enter Chinese territory, will be treated as
foreign merchandise and will pay the local import dues. This
merchandise will be allowed to pay the transit duty on being sent into
the interior.
Art. X. — Declaration to the Chinese Customs must be made Declaration of
within thirty-six hours of the arrival of the goods under a penalty of goods,
Tls. 50 for each day's delay ; but the fine shall not exceed Tls. 200. An
inexact declaration of the quantity of the goods, if it is proved that it
has been made with the intention of evading payment of the duties,
will entail upon the merchant confiooation of his goods. Goods not
provided with a permit from the chief of the Customs, which are
clandestinely introduced by by-ways, and unpacked or sold, or which
are intentionally smuggled, shall be entirely confiscated. In every case
of false declaration or attempt to deceive the Customs as regards the
quality or the real origin or real destination of goods for which transit
passes have been applied the goods shall be liable to confiscation. The
penalties shall be adjudged according to the conditions and procedure
fixed by the Rules of 31st May, 1868. In all cases where confiscation
[ 246 1
Imports into
Tonkin, rulesl
shall have been declared, the merchant shall be at liberty to recover his
goods on payment of a sum equivalent to their value, to be duly settled
by arrangement with the Chinese authorities. The Chinese authorities
shall have every liberty to devise measures to be taken in China, along
the frontier, to prevent smuggling.
Merchandise descending or ascending navigable rivers in French,
Annamite, or Chinese vessels will not necessarily have to be landed at
the frontier, imless there is an appearance of fraud, or a divergence
between the nature of the cargo and the declaration of the manifest.
The Customs will only send on board the said vessels agents to visit
them.
Abt. XI. — ^Produce of Chinese origin imported into Tonkin by
the land frontier shall pay the import duty of the Franco-Annamite
tariff. They will pay no export duty on leaving Tonkin. The Imperial
Government will be notified of the new tariff which France will establish
in Tonkin. If taxes of excise, of consumption, or of guarantee be
established in Tonkin on any articles of indigenous production, similar
Chinese productions will be subjected, on importation, to equivalent
taxes.
Transit across
Tonlcin, rules.
List of articles
free' tinder
certain
conditions.
Ajeit. XII. — Chinese merchandise transported across Tonkin from
one of the two frontier Customs stations to the other, or to an Annamite
port to be from thence exported to China, shall be subjected to a specific
transit duty which shall not exceed two per cent, of the value. At the
point where it leaves Chinese territory this merchandise will be examined
by the French Customs authorities on the frontier, who will specify its
nature, quantity, and destination in a certificate which shall be produced
whenever required by the French authorities during its transport across
Tonkin, as well as at the port of shipment.
In order to guarantee the Franco-Annamite Customs against any
possible fraud, such Chinese produce, on entering Tonkin, shall pay
the import duty.
A transit permit will accompany the gpods, to the place of leaving
the coimtry whether this be the port of transhipment or the land
frontier, and the sum paid by the proprietor of the merchandise will,
after deducting the transit dues, be then restored to him in exchange
for the receipt delivered to him by the Tonkin Customs.
Every false declaration or act evidently intended to deceive the
French administration as to the quality, quantity, real origin, or real
destination of merchandise for which the special treatment applicable
to Chinese products traversing Tonkin in transit is asked, wiU entail
the confiscation of such merchandise. In every case where confiscation
has been declared, the merchant shall be free to recover his goods on
payment of a sum equivalent to their value, which shall be dijly
determined by an arrangement with the French authorities.
The same rules and the same transit duty will be applicable in
Annam to Chinese merchandise despatched from a Chinese port to an
Annamite port in order to get to the Chinese frontier Customs by
crossing Tonkin.
Art. XIII. — ^The following articles, that is to say, gold and silver
ingots, foreign money, flour, Indian meal, sago, biscuits, preserved
meats and vegetables, cheese, butter, confectionery, foreign clothing,
jewellery, plated ware, perfumery, soaps of all kinds, charcoal, firewood,
candles (foreign), tobacco, wine, beer, spirits, household stores, ship's
stores, personal baggage, stationery, carpeting, cutlery, drugs, foreign
medicines, and glassware, shall be verified by the Chinese Customs on
^heir entry and clearance ; if they are really of foreign origan and
intended for the personal use of foreigners, and if they arrive in
[ 247 ]
moderate quantity, a duty exemption certificate will be given which will
pass them free at the frontier. If these articles are withheld from
declaration or the formality of an exemption certificate, their
clandestine introduction will render them subject to the same penalty as
smuggled goods.
With the exception of gold, silver, money, and luggage, which will
remain exempt from duty, the above-mentioned articles destined for
the personal use of foreigners and imported in moderate quantity will
pay, when they are transported into the interior of China, a duty of
2| per cent on their value.
The Franco-Annamite frontier Customs shall collect no duty on
the following articles of personal use which Chinese carry with them,
either on entering or leaving Tonkin, that is to say, money, luggage,
clothes, women's head ornaments, papers, hair pencils, Chinese ink,
furniture, or food, or on articles ordered by the Chinese Consuls in
Tonkin for their personal consumption.
Abt. XIV. — The high contracting parties agree to prohibit trade Trade in opium
in and transport of opium of whatsoever origin by the land frontier proliibited.
between Tonkin* on the one side and Yunnan, Kwang-si, and Kwang-
tung on the other side.
Art. XV. — The export of rice and of cereals from China is
forbidden. The import of these articles shall be free of duty.
The import of the following articles into China is forbidden : — Contraband
Gunpowder, projectiles, rifles and guns, saltpetre, sulphur, lead, spelter, ioods,
firms, salt, and immoral publications.
In ease of contravention these articles shall be entirely confiscated.
If the Chinese authorities have arms or munitions bought or if
merchants receive express authority to buy them, the importation will
be permitted under the special surveillance of the Chinese Customs.
The Chinese authorities may, furthermore, by arrangement with the
French Consuls, obtain for the arms and munitions which they wish to
have conveyed to China through Tonkin exemption from all the Franco-
-Annamite duties.
The introduction into Tonkin of arms, munitions of war, and
immoral publications is also prohibited.
Abt. XVI. — Chinese residing in Annam shall be placed under the oiiinese in
same conditions, with regard to criminal, fiscal, or other jurisdiction, as Annam, legal
the subjects of the most favoured nation. Laws-suits which may arise
in China, in the open markets on the frontier, between Chinese subjects
and Frenchmen or Annamites shall be decided in a Mixed Court by|
Chinese French officers.
With reference to crimes or offences committed by Frenchmen or crimes by
persons under French protection in China, in the places opened to trade, French
the procedure shall be in conformity with the stipulations of Articles ^"*'J''"*'*-
XXXIII and XXXIV of the treaty of the 27th June, 1858.
Art. XVII. — If in the places opened to trade on the frontier of Deserters,
China Chinese deserters or persons accused of crimes against the
Chinese law shall take refuge in the houses or on board the vessels of
Frenchmen or persons under French protection the local authority
shall apply to the Consul, who, on proof of the guilt of the accused,
shall immediately take the necessary measures in order that they may
be given up and delivered to the regular course of the law.
Chinese guilty or accused of crimes or oifences who seek refuge in Extradition.
Annam shall, on the request of the Chinese authorities and proof of
their guilt, be sought for, arrested, and extradited in all cases where
the subjects of the countries enjoying the most liberal treatment in the
matter of extradition might be extradited from France.
* Modified p. 249 Art. V.
[ 248 ]
Preflchmen guilty or accused of crimes or offences, who seek refuge
in China, shall, at the request of the French authorities and on proof of
their guilt, be arrested and delivered up to the said authorities to be
tried according to the regular process of law.
On both sides all concealment and connivance shall be avoided.
Customs inles to Art. XVIII. — ^In any difficulty not provided for in the preceding
apply generally, provisions recourse shall be had to the rules of the Maritime Customs,
which, in conformity with existing treaties, are now applied in the open
towns or ports.
In case these rules are insufficient the representatives of the two
countries shall rpfer the matter to their respective Governments.
In accordance with the terms of Article VIII of the treaty of the
9th June, 1885, the present stipulations may be revised ten years after
the exchange of the ratifications.
Art. XIX. — The present Convention of Trade, after having been
ratified by the Governments, shall be promulgated in France, in China,
and in Annam.
The exchange of the ratifications shall take place at Peking within
one year from the date of the signature of the Convention, or earlier if
possible.
25th April 188S. Done at Tientsin, in four copies, the 25th April, 1886, corresponding
to the 22nd day of the 3rd moon of the 12th year of Kwang Sii.
[L.S.] (Signed) G. COGORDAN.
E. BRUWAERT.
„ „ LI HUNG-CHANG.
[ 249 ]
ADDITIONAL CONVENTION BETWEEN FRANCE
AND CHINA, 1887.
(Translated from the Chinese Text).
His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China and President of
the French Republic, desiring to strengthen the commercial relations
between the two countries and also to ratify and give affect to the
Treaty signed at Tientsin on the 25th April, 1886, have appointed Plenipoten-
Plenipotentiaries to take the necessary steps thereto. H.I.M. the t'™es:
Emperor of China has specially appointed H.I.H. Prince Ching and Prince Ching,
H. E. Sun Tu-wen, member of the Tsung-li Yamen and Vice-President SuuYu-wen,
of the Board of Works. The President of the Republic has appointed oonstans.
His Excellency Oonstans, Deputy, ex-Minister of the Interior, and
Minister Plenipotentiary in China. Who, having exchanged their full
powers and established their authenticity in due form, have agreed on
the following Articles : —
Art. I. — Such articles of the Treaty signed at Tientsin as are not
afiected by this Convention shall on the exchange of the ratifications
be put in force at once.
Art. II. — Whereas it was agreed by the Treaty of 1886 that Ports:
Lungchow in Kwangsi and Mengtzu in Yunnan should be opened to Mengtzu,"'
trade, and whereas Manghao, which lies between Paosheng and Manghao.
Mengtzu, is on the direct road between the two places by water, it is
agreed that this also shall be opened to trade on the same conditions as
the other ports, and that a deputy of the Consul at Mengtz^u shall be
allowed to reside there.
Art. III. — ^In order to develop the trade between China and Tariff: Imports
Tonkin as rapidly as possible the tariff rules laid down in Articles VI V,}^^^.' ^xports
and VII of the Treaty of 1886 are temporarily altered, and it is agreed i„g tariff. "^'^ '
that foreign goods imported to Yunnan and Kwangsi from Tonkin shall
pay 70 per cent, of the import duties collected by the Customs at the
Coast Ports in China, and that produce exported from China to Tonkin,
shall pay 60 per cent, of the export duties in force at the Treaty Ports.
Art. IV. — Chinese produce which has paid import duties under
Art. XI of the Treaty of 1886, and is transported through Tonkin to a
port of shipment in Cochin-China, shall if exported thence to any other
place than China pay export duties according to the Franco-Annamite
tariff.
Art. V. — Trade in Chinese native opium by land is allowed on Native Opium :
payment of an export duty of Tls. 20 per picul, but French merchants J^^^j-/™' f™"''^''
or persons under French protection may only purchase it at Lungchow, ^'
Mengtzu, and Manghao, but no more than Tls. 20 per picul shall be
exacted from the Chinese merchants as inland dues. When opium is
sold the seller shall give the buyer a receipt showing that the inland
dues have been paid, which the exporter will hand to the Customs when
paying export duty. It is agreed that opium re-imported to China by
the Coast Ports cannot claim the privileges accorded other re-imports
of goods of native origin.
t 250 ]
Riverine AnT. VI. — ^French and Tonkinese vessels other than men-of-war
Limgdiow!''^* and vessels carrying troops and Government stores plying on the
Songkat and Caobang Rivers between Langshan and Caobang shall
pay a tonnage due of 5 candareens per ton at Lungchow, but all goods on
board shall pass free. Goods may be imported to China by the Songkat
and Caobang Rivers or overland by the Government road, but until the
Chinese Government establishes Custom-houses on the frontier goods
taken overland must not be sold at Lungchow until they have paid duty
there.
Favoured nation Abt. VII. — ^It is agreed that should China enter into treaties with
frontterlrade. regard to commercial relations on her southern and south-western
frontiers all privileges accorded by her to the most favoured nation are
at once without further formality accorded to France.
Art. VIII. — The above Articles having been agreed to and
translated into Chinese, H.I.H. the Prince on behalf of China and
H.E. the Minister on behalf of France have signed duplicate copies and
aifixed their seals hereto.
Am. XX. — ^When the ratifications of this Convention and of the
Treaty of 1886 shall have been exchanged they shall be put in force as
if they were one Treaty.
Art X. — The ratifications of the Convention shall be exchanged at
Peking when the assent of His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China
and of His Excellency the President of the French Republic shall have
been signified.
26th June, 1887. Signed at Peking on the 26th June, 1887.
[L.S.] (Signed) E. C0NSTAN8.
„ „ PRINCE OH'ING.
,, „ SUN YU-WEN.
t 251 ]
ADDITIONAL ARTICLES TO THE AGREEMENT BETWEEN
GREAT BRITAIN AND CHINA, SIGNED AT OHEFOO
ON THE 13th SEPTEMBER, 1876.
Signed at London, 18th July, 1885.
The Government of Great Britain and of China, considering that
the arrangements proposed in Clauses 1 and 2 of Section HI of the
Agreement between Great Britain and China, signed at Chefoo on the
13th September, 1876 (hereinafter referred to as the " Chefoo
Agreement "), in relation to the area within which likin ought not to be
collected on foreign goods at the open ports, and to the definition of
the Foreign Settlement area, require further consideration ; also that
the terms of Clause 3 of the same section are not sufficiently explicit to
serve as an efficient regulation for the traffic in Opium, and recognizing
the desirability of placing restrictions on the consumption of Opium,
have agreed to the present Additional Article.
1. — As regards the arrangements above referred to and proposed
in Clauses 1 and 2 of Section III of the Chefoo Agreement, it is agreed
that they shall be reserved for further consideration between the two
Governments.
2. — In lieu of the arrangement respecting Opium proposed in Clause
3 of Section III of the Chefoo Agreement, it is agreed that foreign
Opium, when imported into China, shall be taken cognizance of by the
Imperial Maritime Customs, and shall be deposited in bond, either in
warehouses or receiving-hulks which have been approved of by the
Customs, and that it shall not be removed thence until there sEall have
been paid to the Customs the Tariff duty of 30 taels per chest of 100
catties, and also a sum not exceeding 80 taels per like chest as likin-
3. — It is agreed that the aforesaid import and likin duties having
been paid, the owner shall be allowed to have the Opium repacked in
bond under the supervision of the Customs, and put into packages of
such assorted sizes as he may select from such sizes as shall have been
agreed upon by the Customs authorities and British Consul at the port
of entry.
The Customs shall then, if required, issue gratuitously to the owner
.1 transit certificate for each package, or one for any number of
packages, at option of the owner.
Such certificate shall free the Opium to which it applies from the
imposition of any further tax or duty whilst in transport in the interior,
provided that the package has not been opened, and that the Customs
seals, marks, and numbers on the packages have not been effaced or
tampered with.
Such certificates shall have validity only in the hands of Chinese
subjects and shall not entitle foreigners to convey or accompany any
Opium in which they may be interested into the interior.
{ 252 ]
4. — It is agreed that the Regulations under which the said
certificates are to be issued shall be the same for all the ports, and that
the form shall be as follows : —
" Opium Transit Certificates.
" This is to certify that Tariff and likin duties at the rate of taels
per chest of 100 catties have been paid on the Opium marked and
numbered as under ; and that, in conformity with the Additional
Article signed at London the 18th July, 1885, and appended to the
Agreement between Great Britain and China, signed at Chefoo the 13th
September, 1876, and approved by the Imperial Decree printed on the
back thereof, the production of this certificate will exempt the Opium
to which it refers, wherever it may be found, from the imposition of any
further tax or duty whatever, provided that the packages are unbroken,
and the Customs seals, marks, and numbers have not been effaced or
tampered with.
" Mark, No.
X — 00 packages.
" Port of entry,
" Date,
"Signature of Commissioner of Customs-"
5. — The Chinese Government undertakes that when the packages
shall have been opened at the place of consumption, the Opium shall
not be subjected to any tax or contribution, direct or indirect, other
than or in excess of such tax or contribution as is or may hereafter be
levied on native Opium.
In the event of such tax or contribution being calculated ad valorem,
the same rate, value for value, shall be assessed on foreign and native
Opium, and in ascertaining for this purpose the value of foreign Opium
the amount paid on it for likin at the port of entry shall be deducted
from its market value.
6. — It is agreed that the present Additional Article shall be
considered as forming part of the Chefoo Agreement, and that it shall
have the same force and validity as if it were inserted therein word for
word.
It shall come into operation six months after its signature, provided
the ratifications have then been exchanged, or if they have not, then on
the date at which such exchange takes places.
7.— The arrangement respecting Opium contained in the present
Additional Article shall remain binding for four years, after the
expiration of which period either Government may at any time give
twelve months' notice of its desire to determine it, and such notice being
given, it shall terminate accordingly.
It is, however, agreed that the Government of Great Britain shall
have the right to terminate the same at any time should the transit
certificate be found not to confer on the Opium complete exemption from
all taxation whatsoever whilst being carried from the port of entry to
the place of consumption in the interior.
In the event of the termination of the present Additional Article
the arrangement with regard to Opium now in force under the regula-
tions attached to the Treaty of Tientsin shall revive.
^— -^^^ High Contracting Parties may, by common consent, adont
any modifications of the provisions of the present Additional Article
which experience may show to be desirable.
[ 253 ]
9. — It is understood that the Commission provided for in Clause 7
of Section III of the Chefoo Agreement to inquire into the question of
prevention of smuggling into China from Hongkong shall be appointed
as soon as possible.
10. — The Chefoo Agreement, together with, and as modified by,
the present Additional Article, shall be ratified, and the ratifications
shall be exchanged at London as soon as possible.
In witness whereof the undersigned, duly authorized thereto by
their respective Governments, hare signed the present Additional
Article, and have affixed thereto their seals.
Done at London, in quadruplicate (two in English and two in
Chinese) this 18th day of July, 1885, . being the seventh day of the
sixth moon in the eleventh year of the reign of Kwang Sil.
[L.S.] (Signed) SALI8BUEY.
TSENG.
The Marquis Tseng to the Marquis of Salisbury.
Chinese Legation, London, 18th July, 1885.
My Lord,
In reply to your Lordship's note of this date, I have the honour to
state that the Imperial Government accept the following as the
expression of the understanding which has been come to between the
Governments of Great Britain and China in regard to the Additional
Article to the Chefoo Agreement relative to opium, which has been
signed this day : —
1. — It is understood that it shall be competent for Her Majesty's
Government at once to withdraw from this new arrangement, and to
revert to the system of taxation for Opium at present in operation in
China, in case the Chinese Government shall fail to bring the other
Treaty Powers to conform to the provisions of the said Additional
Article.
2. — It is further understood that, in the event of the termination
of the said Additional Article, the Chefoo Agreement, with the exception
of Clause 3 of Section III, and with the modifications stipulated in
Clause 1 of the said Additional Article, shall nevertheless remain in
force.
THE OPIUM CONVENTION.
Memorandum of the basis of Agreement arrived at after discussion
between Mr. James Russell, Puisne Judge of Hongkong; Sir Robert
Hart, K.C.M.G., Inspector-General of Customs, and Shao Taotai, Joint
Commissioners for China; and Mr. Byron Brenan, Her Majesty's
Consul at Tientsin, in pursuance of Article 7 Section III of the
Agreement between Great Britain and China, signed at Chefoo on the
15th September, 1876, and of Section 9 of the Additional Article to the
said Agreement, signed at London on the 18th July^ 1885,
[ 264 ]
Mr. Russell undertakes that the Govermnent of Hongkong shall
submit to the Legislative Council an Ordinance* for the regulation of
the trade of the Colony in Raw Opium subject to conditions hereinafter
set forth and providing : —
l,_For the prohibition to the import and export of Opium^in quantities
less than 1 chest. +
2.— For rendering illegal the possession of Raw Opium, its custody or
control, in quantities less than one chest, except by the Opium
Parmer.
3. — That all Opium arriving in the Colony be reported to the Harbour
Master, and that no Opium shall be transhipped, landed, stored or
moved from one store to another, or re-exported without a permit
from the Harbour Master, and notice to the Opium Parmer.
4. — ^Por the keeping by Importers, Exporters, and Godown Owners, in
such form as the Governor may require, books shewing the
movements of Opium.
5. — ^For taking stock of quantities in the stores, and search for deficien-
cies by the Opium Farmer, and for furnishing to the Harbour
Master returns of stocks.
6. — ^Por amendment of Harbour Regulations, as to the night clearances
of junks.
The conditions on which it is agreed to submit the Ordinance are : —
1. — ^That China arranges with Macao for the adoption of equivalent
measures.
2. — ^That the Hongkong Government shall be entitled to repeal the
Ordinance if it be found to be injurious to the Revenue or to the
legitimajte trade of the Colony.
3. — ^That an Ofiicer under the Foreign Inspectorate shall be established
on Chinese Territory at a convenient spot on the Kowloon side for
sale of Chinese Opium Duty Certificates, which shall be freely sold
to all comers, and for such quantities of Opium as they may require.
4. — ^That Opium accompanied by such certificates, at the rate of not
more than Tls. 100 per picvil, shall be free from all further imposts
of every sort, and have all the benefits stipulated for by the
Additional Article on behalf of Opium on which duty has been paid
at one of the ports of China, and that it may be made up in sealed
parcels at the option of the purchaser.
5. ^That junks trading between Chinese ports and Hongkong and their
cargoes shall not be subject to any dues or duties in excess of those
leviable on junks and their cargoes trading between Chinese ports
and Macao, and that no dues whatsoever shall be demanded from
junks coming to Hongkong from ports in China, or proceeding
from Hongkong to ports in China, over and above the dues paid
or payable at the ports of clearance or destination.
e.^Tliat the Officer of the Foreign Inspectorate, who will be responsible
for the management of the Kowloon Office, shall investigate and
settle any complaints made by the junks trading with Hongkong
against the Native Customs Revenue Stations or Cruisers in the
neighbourhood, and that the Governor of Hongkong, if he deems
it advisable, shall be entitled to send a Hon^ong Officer to be
present at and assist in the investigation and decision.
* See Ordinance 22 of 1887.
t A modification allowing export is smaller quantities than one chest
was subsequently agreed on.
[ 255 ]
If, however,- they do not agree a reference may be made to the
Authorties at Peking for joint decision.
Sir Robert Hart undertakes on behalf of himself and Shao Taotai
(who was compelled by unavoidable circumstances to leave before the
sittings of the Commission were terminated) that the Chinese
Government shall agree to the above conditions.
The undersigned are of opinion that if these arrangements are fully
carried out, a fairly satisfactory solution of the questions connected
with the so-called " Hongkong Blockade " will have been arrived at.
Signed in triplicate at Hongkong, this 11th day of September, 1886.
[ 2fi6 ]
THE BURMAH CONVENTION.
Signed at Fcldng, Jfth February, 1897.
In consideration of the Government of Great Britain consenting
to waive its objections to the alienation by China, by the Convention
with France of June 20th, 1895, of territory forming a portion of Kiang
Hung, in derogation of the provisions of the Convention between Great
Britain and China of March 1st, 1894, it has been agreed between the
Goverinnents of Great Britain and China that the following additions
and alterations shall be made in the last named Convention, hereinafter
referred to as the Original Convention.
(Articles I. to XI. refer to the Burmali Frontier.)
Art. XII. — ^Add as follows : — The Chinese Government agree
hereafter to consider whether the conditions of trade justify the
construction of railways in Yunnan, and in the event of their
construction, agrees to connect them with the Burmese lines.
Art. XIII. — ^Whereas by the Original Convention it was agreed
that China might appoint a Consul in Biirma to reside at Rangoon, and
that Great Britain might appoint a Consul to reside at Manwyne, and
that the Consul of the two Governments should each within the
territories of the other enjoy the same privileges and immunities as the
Consuls of the most favoured nation, and further that in proportion as
the commerce between Burma and China increased, additional Consuls
might be appointed by mutual consent to reside at such places in
Burma and Yunnan as the requirements of trade might seem to
demand.
It has now been agreed that the Government of Great Britain
may station a Consuls at Momein or Shunning Fu ai the Government
of Great Britain may prefer, instead of at Manwyne as stipulated in the
Original Convention, and also to station a Consul at Szumao.
British subjects and persons under British protection may establish
themselves and trade at these places under the same conditions as at
the Treaty Ports in China.
The Consuls appointed as above shall be on the same footing as
regards correspondence and intercourse with Chinese officials as the
British Consuls at the Treaty Ports.
Aet. XIV. — Instead of " Her Britannio Majesty's Consul at
Manwyne " in the Original Convention read " Her Britannic Majesty's
Consul at Shunning ' or Momein,' " in accordance with the change
made in Article XIII.
Art. XV. — No addition to Original Convention.
Art. XVI. — No addition to Original Convention.
Art. XVII. — ^No addition to Original Convention.
Art. XVIII. — No addition to Oi-iginal Convention.
Art. XIX. — Add as follows : — ^Failing agreement as to the terms
of revision, the present arrangement shall remain in force.
[ 257 ]
Special Article.
Whereas on the twentieth day of January one thousand eight
hundred and ninety-six the Tsung-li Yamen addressed an ofiBcial
despatch to Her Majesty's Charge d' Affaires at Peking, informing him
that on the thirtieth day of December one thousand eight hundred and
ninety-five they had submitted a Memorial respecting the opening of
ports on the West River to foreign trade, and had received an Imperial
Decree in approval of which they officially communicated a copy.
It has now been agreed that the following places, namely, Wuchow
Fu in Kwangsi, and Samshui city and Bongkun Market in Kwangtung,
shall be opened as Treaty Ports and Consular Stations with freedom of
navigation for steamers between Samshui and Wuchow and Hongkong
and Canton by a route from each of these latter places to be selected
and notified in advance by the Maritime Customs, and that the following
four places shall be established as ports of call for goods and passengers
under the same regulations as the ports of call on the Yangtze River,
namely, Kongmoon, Komchuk, Shiuhing and Takhing.
IFis agreed that the present Agreement, together with the Special
Article, shall come into force within four months of the date of
signature, and that the ratifications thereof shall be exchanged at
Peking as soon as possible.'
In witness whereof the undersigned duly authorised thereto by
their respective Governments have signed the present agreement.
Done at Peking in triplicate (three copies in English and three in
Chinese) the fourth day of February in the year of Our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and ninety-seven.
[Seal] (Sd.) CLAUDE M. MacDONALD.
[Seal] (Hieroglyphic) LI HUNG-CHANG.
[ 258 i
KOWLOON EXTENSION AGREEMENT.
Whereas it has for many years past been recognised that an exten-
sion of Hongkong territory is necessary for the proper defence and
protection of the colony. . .
It has now been agreed between the Governments of Great Britain
and China that the limits of British territory shall be enlarged under
lease to the extent indicated generally on the annexed map.
The exact boundaries shall be hereafter fixed when proper surveys
have been made by officials appointed by the two Governments. The
term of this lease shall be ninety-nine years.
It is at the same time agreed that within the Oity of Kowloon the
Chinese oflGicials now stationed there shall continue to exercise jurisdic-
tion, except so far as may be inconsistent with the military requirements
for the defence of Hongkong. Within the remainder of the newly-leased
territory Great Britain shall have sole jurisdiction. Chinese officials
and people shall be allowed, as heretofore, to use the road from
Kowloon to Hsinan.
It is further agreed that the existing landing-place near Kowloon
city shall be reserved for the convenience of Chinese men-of-war,
merchant and passenger vessels, which may come and go and Tie there
at their pleasure ; and for the convenience of movement of the officials
and people within the city.
When, hereafter, China constructs a railway to the boundary of
the Kowloon territory, under British control, arrangements shall be
discussed.
It is further understood that there will be no expropriation or
expulsion of the inhabitants of the district included within the
extension, and that if land is required for public offices, fortifications,
or the like official purposes, it shall be bought at a fair price.
If cases of extradition of criminals occur they shall be dealt with
in accordance with the existing treaties between Great Britain and
China and the Hongkong Regulations.
The area leased by Great Britain, as shown on the annexed map,
includes the waters of Mirs Bay and Deep Bay, but it is agreed, that
Chinese vessels of war, whether neutral or otherwise, shall retain the
right to use those waters.
This Convention shall come into force on the first day of July,
eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, being the thirteenth day of the fifth
moon of the twenty-fourth year of Kwang Hsii. Jt shall be ratified by
the Sovereigns of the two countries, and the ratifications shall be
exchanged in London as soon as possible.
In witness whereof the undersigned, duly authorised thereto by
their respective Governments, have signed the present agreement.
Done at Peking in quadruplicate (four copies in English and in
Chinese) the ninth day of June, in the year of Our Lord eighteen
hundred and ninety-eight, being the twenty-first day of the fourth moon
of the twenty-fourth year of Kwang Hsu.
CLAUDE M. MacDONALD.
LI HUNG-CHANG,\ Members of
HSU TING-K'UEI, /7J2<«^»--/j Yamin.
i m ]
THE WEIHAIWEI CONVENTION.
Signed in the English and Chinese languages, at Peking, 1st July, 1898-
Ratifications exchanged at London, 5th October, 1898-
In order to provide Great Britain with a suitable naval harbour in
North China, and for the better protection of British commerce in the
neighbouring seas, the Government of His Majesty the Emperor of
China agrees to lease to the Government of Her Majesty the Queen of
Great Britain and Ireland, Weihaiwei, in the province of Shantung,
and the adjacent waters for so long a period as Port Arthur shall remain
in the occupation of Russia.
The territory leased shall comprise the island of Liukung and all
other islands in the Bay of Weihaiwei, and a belt of land ten English
miles wide along the entire coast line of the Bay of Weihaiwei. Within
the above-mentioned territory leased Great Britain shall have sole
jurisdiction.
Great Britain shall have, in addition, the right to erect
fortifications, station troops, or take any other measures necessary for
defensive purposes, at any points on or near the coast of the region east
of the meridian 121 degrees 40 min. E. of Greenwich, and to acquire on
equitable compensation within that territory such sites as may be
necessary for water supply, communications, arid hospitals. Within
that zone Chinese administration will not be interfered with, but no
troops other than Chinese or British shall be allowed therein.
It is also agreed that within the walled city of Weihaiwei Chinese
officials shall continue to exercise jurisdiction, except so far as may be
inconsistent with naval and military requirements for the defence of the
territory leased.
It is further agreed that Chinese vessels of war, whether neutral or
otherwise, shall retain the right to use the waters herein leased to Great
Britain.
It is further understood that there will be no expropriation or
expulsion of the inhabitants of the territory herein specified, and that if
land is required for fortifications, public offices, or any official or public
purpose, it shall be bought at a fair price.
This Convention shall come into force on signature. It shall be
ratified by the Sovereigns of the two countries, and the ratifications
shall be exchanged in London as soon as possible.
In witness whereof the undersigned, dvily authorised thereto by
their respective Governments, have signed the present agreement.
Done at Peking in quadruplicate (four copies in English and four
in Chinese) the first day of July in the year of Our Lord eighteen
hundred and ninety-eigtt, being the thirteenth day of the 5th moon of
the twenty-fourth year of Kwang Hsii.
OLAITDB M. MaoDONALD.
Pbinoe CHING,
Senior Member of the Tsung-li Yamen.
LIAO SHOU HBN6,
President of Board of Punishments.
[ 260 3
MEXICO.
TREATY OF COMMERCE BETWEEN MEXICO AND CHINA.
Plenipoten-
tiaries.
M. de AspiroZj
Wu Ting-fang.
Amity and
protection.
The President of the United Mexican States and His Majesty the
Emperor of China, being equally animated by the desire to establish
friendly relations between the two countries and their citizens and
subjects, have resolved to conclude a Treaty of friendship, commerce
and navigation, and for that purpose have named their respective
Plenipotentiaries, that is to say :
The President of the United Mexican States, Manuel de Azpiroz,
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United Mexican
States in Washington, and His Majesty the Emperor of China, Wu
Ting-fang, an Official of the Second Rank, Minister of State of the
Fourth Class by brevet, and Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary to the United States of America, Spain and Peru ;
And we, the said Plenipotentiaries, after having exhibited our
respective full powers, and finding them in due and good form, have
agreed upon the following articles : .
Art. I. — There shall be perpetual, firm and sincere friendship
between the United Mexican States and the Chinese Empire, as also
between their respective citizens and subjects. They shall be at liberty
to freely go to the respective countries of the High Contracting Parties
and reside therein. They shall there have complete protection in
their persons, families and property, and they shall enjoy all the rights
and advantg,ges which are granted to the subjects of the most favoured
nation.
Dipiomatio Art. II. — ^In order to facilitate friendly relations between the two
Representatives, countries, the President of the United Mexican States may appoint a
Diplomatic Agent to the Court of Peking and His Majesty the Emperor
of China, may, likewise, appoint a Diplomatic Agent near the
Mexican Government.
Diplomatic
privileges.
Appointment of
Consuls.
The Diplomatic Agents of each of the High Contracting Parties
may reside permanently or temporarily in the Capital of the other,
with their families and members of their suite, and enjoy, in the
countries of their respective residence, the same prerogatives,
exemptions, immunities and privileges granted to the Agents of the
^ame rank of the most favoured nation.
Art. hi. — Each of the High Contracting Parties may appoint, at
the ports or cities of the other, open to foreign commerce, Consuls-
General, Consuls, Vice-Consuls and Consular Agents. These shall
not enter in the discharge of their duties until they receive the
Exeqviatur of the Government of the Country where they are to reside.
The Exequatur shall be issued free of charge. At the ports or cities
where no Consul is appointed, his functions may be performed by a,
Consul of a friendly nation. Where there is no Consul, the local
authorities shall see that the citizens or subjects cf the other Contracting
Party enjoy the benefits of the present Treaty.
[ 261 ]
The Consular Officers of the High Contracting Parties shall perforin
all the functions and enjoy all the immunities and privileges which, in
either of the two countries, are granted to the Consular Officers of the
most favoured nation.
The Consular Officers shall not support the demands of their citizens
or subjects if provocative or offensive to the authorities or inhabitants
of their place of residence.
Should a Consular Officer adopt offensive conduct towards the
laws of the country of his residence, the Exequatur may be withdrawn
from him.
Art. rV. — ^Mexican citizens shall be permitted to go into the Mexican citizens
interior of China and travel therein, provided they are furnished with a ^eJiv'ta'china
passpost issued, at the request of the Mexican Consul, by the Customs if furnished
Taotai. This passport, written in the two languages, Spanish and with passports.
Chinese, must be shown when the authorities of the place of transit ask
it, and returned at the end of the journey. No obstacle shall be placed
in the way of travellers engaging men, vehicles or vessels for the
transportation of their baggage.
In case the traveller is not provided with the proper passport, or
he commits an unlawful act, he shall be delivered for trial to the
nearest Consul of Mexico or of a friendly nation previously designated
by the Mexican Government. In this case the local authorities can
only arrest the traveller without insulting him or permitting any
violence to him.
Mexican citizens shall be at liberty to make excursions without
the necessity of providing themselves with a passport, in the neighbour-
hood of the open ports, for a distance not exceeding one hundred K,
and for a time not exceeding five days.
These stipulations are not applicable to the crews of vessels, who
shall be subject, during their stay on land, to the regulations established
by the Consuls and the authorities.
Chinese subjects shall be at liberty to travel through all the Chinese subjects
territory of Mexico, as long as they conduct themselves peaceably and fte^vin'Mexloo
do not violate the laws and regulations of the country.
Art. V. — ^It is agreed between the two High Contracting Parties Emigration to
that the emigration of their respective subjects, whether accompanied yoluntarT''
by their families or not, shall be in future free and voluntary ; conse-
quently they disapprove of every act of violence or trickery which
might be committed in the ports of China or anywhere else for the
purpose of expatriating Chinese subjects, against their will.
The two Governments engage themselves to prosecute with all the Violations of
rigour of the laws any contravention of the preceding stipulation and emigration laws
to impose penalties established by their respective legislations upon the " ° ^""'^ * '
persons and ships who may violate this stipulation.
Art. VI. — ^Mexican citizens shall be at liberty to travel with their Mexican citizens
merchandise and engage in commercial pursuits in all the ports of ™^^ ^^^^? °''
China where the subjects of other nations are permitted to engage in
commerce.
Chinese subjects shall, likewise, be at liberty to travel and engage Chinese subjects
in. commerce in all places of the Mexican Republic, under the same Pjay trade in
conditions as the subjects of all other nations. It is to be understood favoured nation
that, in case either of the High Contracting Parties should hereafter privileges,
grant, of its own accord, to any other nation, advantages subject to
special conditions, the other Contracting Party shall enjoy said
advantages, only provided it complies with the conditions imposed
therein or their equivalent, to be mutually agreed upon.
[ 2f3 ]:
Rules for Akt. VII. — ^The citizens or subjects Mid merchant yesaels of each
vessela : ^j ^-^^ gjgjj Contracting Parties shall be subject, at the ports of the
other open to foreign commerce, to the legal provisions which now
regulate commerce with all other nations or which may be issued
hereafter.
Existing Tariff Art. VIII. — The import duties imposed in the United Mexican
andwTston"'' States on the produce of the soil and industry of China, and in the
Powers to apply Empire of China on the produce of the soil and industry of Mexico,
'?tf^^ns'°*° *^^^^ ^® ^° otlisr nor higher than those to which the same produce of
the most favoured nation are or may be subject.
The same principle shall be observed in regard to exportation.
No prohibition nor restriction of importsstion or exportation shall
take place in the reciprocal commerce of both countries, unless it be
likewise applied to all other nations, except for sanitary motives or for
the purpose of preventing the propagation of epizootics or the loss of
drops, or also in view of events of war.
Ships of war. Art. IX. — The ships of war of each of the Contracting Parties
shall be admitted into the ports of the other, where those vessels of all
other nations are allowed to enter, and to be treated as those of the
nuost favoured nation.
They shall have entire liberty to purchase provisions, coal, and the
necessary articles for a voyage, as also to get water and have all
necessary repairs made.
The ships of war shall be exempt from the payment of all duties,
both on their arrival and departure.
The Commanders of Mexican ships of w^r in China and the local
principal authorities shall mutually treat each other on the basis of
equality.
Military services AjjT. X. — The citizens or subjects of each of the Contracting
exempted. Parties, in the dominions and posessions of the other, shall be exempt
from all compulsory military service whatever, whether in the army,
navy or national guard, or militia. They shall likewise be exempt
from all contributions, whether pecuniary or in kind, imposed as a
compensation for personal service, and, finally, from forced loans and
from charges, requisitions, and war contributions, unless imposed on
real property when they shall pay them equally with nationals.
The vessels, cargoes, merchandise or effects of citizens or subjects
of neither Contracting Party shall be detained for any military expedi-
tions or for any public purpose whatever without corresponding
compensation first being agreed upon and settled.
Merchantvessels •^'f^- ^I- — '^^ merchant Vessels of each of the Contracting Parties
may enter open shall be at liberty to frequent the ports of the other open to foreign
P""^'' commerce or that may hereafter be opened.
It is, however, agreed that this concession does not extend to the
coasting trade, granted only to the national vessels in the territory of
each of the Contracting Parties. But, if one of them should permit it
wholly or in part to any nation or nations, the other Party shall have
the right to claim the same concessions or favours for its citizens or
subjects, provided said Contracting Party is willing, on its part, to
grant reciprocity in all its claims on this point.
Subject only to . ^^ vessels of each of the Contracting Parties shall not be subject,
dues levied on in the territory or ports of the other, on their entrance, departure or
Treltynit°onf ^^^^' *° °^^^^ °^ higher duties, charges or fees of public officials on
account of tonnage, light-house, port, pilotage, quarantine, salvage,
assistance in case of damage or shipwreck, nor to other charges or
[ 263 ]
duties, local or federal of whatever kind or denomination, than are paid
or which may hereafter be paid hy vessels of any other nation.
For the application of this and other articles of the present Treaty,
those are to be understood as ports of each of the Contracting Parties,
which are opened or that may hereafter be opened to the import and
export trade by the respective Governments.
The two Contracting Parties agree upon considering a distance of
three marine leagues, measured from the line of low tide, as the limit
of their territorial waters, for everything relating to the vigilance
and enforcement of the Custom-House regulations and the necessary
measures for the prevention of smuggling.
The vessels of ea-?h of the High Contracting Parties which may
have been disabled near the coasts of the other and may have to seek
shelter in port, shall receive from the local authorities all the
assistance which they can render.
The merchandise saved shall not be subject to the payment of
duties, unless it shall be landed for the purpose of sale.
Such vessels shall be treated on the same terms as are granted
under similar circumstances to those of other countries.
Abt. XII. — ^The engagement by contract of citizens or subjects of Rules to be
one country as labourers, servants or the like in plantations, mills, engagement8°by
shops, business establishments or private families in the other country, contract,
shall be subject to rules to be esfablished by mutual agreement
between both High Contracting Parties.
Art. Xni. — ^ISIexicq-ns in China who may have occasion of "^tyPi*'"'!'",^'
complaint against Chinese, shall lay their complaint before the Mexican if possiw" "* ^
Consul, who shall investigate the facts of the case and exert himself to
bring about an amicable settlement.
If a Chinese should likewise have any occasion of complaint against
a Mexican in China, the Mexican Consul shall listen to his complaint,
and try to obtain a friendly settlement. Should the Consul be unable
t,o reconcile the parties, the case is then to be submitted, in all equity,
whether the plaintiff be a Mexican or a Chinese, only to the Court to
which the accused is subject.
Abt. XIV. — Mexican citizens in China who may commit any crime anested'and ^^
against Chinese subjects, shall be arrested by the Mexican Consular punished,
authorities and punished in accordance with the laws of Mexico .
Ch::i3se subjects guilty of criminal acts against Mexican citizens
in China, shall be arrested and punished by the Chinese authorities in
conformity with the laws of China.
As a general rule, every civil or criminal suit instituted in China,
between the citizens or subjects of the two Contracting Parties, shall
be tried only according to the laws and by the authorities of the country
to which the defendant or accused belongs.
The High Contracting Parties shall not be bound to reimburse
any money that has been stolen or obtained by fraud, or owing by a
citizen or subject of one of the two countries to a subject or citizen of
the other country. In case of robbery or fraud the proceedings to be
instituted shall be in accordance with the laws of the country to which
the accused belongs, and in case of debt, the authorities of the country
of the debtor shall do all they can to make the debtor comply with his
obligation.
Should Chinese subjects in China, who are principal actors or
accomplices of a crime, take refuge in the houses, warehouses or on
board the merchant vessels of Mexican citizens, the Chinese authorities
shall lay the facts in this case before the Mexican Consular Officers,
[ 264 ]
Civil suits,
and they shall conjointly appoint agents for the apprehension of the
criminals, who shall not be protected nor hidden.
Art. XV. — All legal questions that may arise in China between
Mexican citizens concerning their persons or property shall be subject
to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Mexican authorities. Suits
instituted in China between Mexican citizens and foreigners shall be
decided only by the authorities of their respective countries.
When Chinese shall be concerned in suits, the proceedings shall
be in accordance with the provisions of the two preceding articles.
Should the Chinese Government think proper, hereafter, to
establish, in accord with foreign powers, a code for the purpose of
settling the matter of jurisdiction over foreign subjects in China,
Mexico shall have an equal share in said agreement.
Aet. XVI. — ^Persons, of whatever condition they may be, who may
land from vessels of one of the High Contracting Parties, at an open port
of the other, and cause any disturbance on shore, within twenty-four
hours of their landing, shall be punished by the proper local authorities,
but only with fine or' imprisonment in accordance with the usages
established at said port.
The questions arising from collisions in Chinese waters between
vessels of the two countries, shall be decided by the authorities of the,
accused in accordance with the legal regulations in force in all
countries respecting collisions.
Should the complainant not be satisfied with the decisions, the
agents of the country to which he belongs shall be authorized to apply
officially to the authorities that have tried the offender, and they shall
retry the case and give a final and equitable decision on the same.
Chinese sabiects Art. XVII. — Chinese subjects in Mexico shall have free access to
eni^y^udicial ^^^ judicial tribunals of the country for the defence of their legitimate
rights. rights. They shall enjoy, in this respect, the same rights and conces-
sions enjoyed by Mexicans or by subjects of the most favoured nation.
Art. XVIII. — ^This Treaty shall be engrossed in the three
languages Spanish,' Chinese and English; the Spanish text shall be
observed in Mexico, the Chinese text in China, and, in case of
disagreement, the English version shall be decisive.
Local authori-
ties to punish
disturbers of
the peace.
Collisions in
Chinese waters.
Modifications of
Treaty.
Katifications.
Washington
14th December,
1899.
Art. XIX. — This Treaty shall remain in force for ten years
reckoned from the day of the exchange of ratifications. The High
Contracting Parties can, at the expiration of that time, propose
modifications by means of a notice to be given six months in advance ;
and if neither of them should do so, the Treaty shall continue to remain
in force in all its provisions until the expiration of one year after one of
the Parties has expressed to the other its intention of terminating it.
AjiT. XX. — This Treaty shall be ratified by the two High Con-
tracting Parties and the ratifications shall be exchanged at "Washington,
as soon as possible.
In witness whereof, we, the respective Plenipotentiaries, have
signed this Treaty and have hereunto affixed our respective seals.
Done at Washington, in two originals in the three languages
Spanish, Chinese and English, this fourteenth day of December of the
year one thousand eight hundred and ninety-nine of the Christian era,
corresponding to the twelfth day of the eleventh moon of the twenty-
fifth year of Kwang Hsii.
[Seal.] MANUEL de AZPIROZ.
[Seal.] WU TING-FANG.
[ 265 ]
UNITED STATES,
IMMIGRATION AND COMMERCIAL TREATIES BETWEEN THE
UNITED STATES AND CHINA.
Signed at Peking, in the English and Chinese Languages
ON THE 17th Novembee, 1880.
The Immigration Treaty.
Wliereas, in the eighth year of Hien Fung, Aimo Domini 1858, a
treaty of peace and friendship was concluded between the United States
pf America and China and to which were' added in the 7th year of Tung
Chi, Anno Domini 1868, certain supplementary articles to the advantage
of both parties, which supplementary articles were to be perpetually
observed and obeyed ; and
Whereas the Government of the United States, because of the
constantly increasing immigration of Chinese labourers to the territory
of the United States, and the embarrassments consequent upon such
immigration, now desires to negotiate a modification of the existing
treaties which will not be in direct contravention of their spirit ; now,
therefore, the President of the United States of America appoints
James B. Angell, of Michigan ; John P. S.wift, of California ; and
William H. Trescott, of South Carolina, as his Commissioners Plenipo-
tentiary ; and His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China has
appointed Pao Chun, a member of His Imperial Majesty's Privy Council
and Superintendent of the Board Civil Office, and Li Hung Tsao, a
member of His Imperial Majesty's Privy Council, as his Commissioners
Plenipotentiary ; and the said Commissioners Plenipotentiary, having
conjointly examined their fuU powers, and having discussed the points
of possible modifications in existing treaties, have agreed upon the
following articles in modification : —
Aet. I. — Whenever, in the opinion of the Government of the
United States, the coming of Chinese labourers to the United States,
or their residence therein, affects, or threatens to affect, the interests of
that country, or to endanger the good order of any locality within the
territory thereof, the Government of China agrees that the Government
of the United States may regulate, limit, or suspend such coming or
residence, but may not absolutely prohibit it. The limitation or
suspension shall be reasonable, and shall apply only to Chinese who
may go to the United States as labourers, other classes not being
included in the limitation. Legislation in regard to Chinese labourers
will be of such a character only as is necessary to enforce the regulation,
limitation, or suspension, of immigration, and immigrants shall not be
subject to personal maltreatment or abuse.
' Abt. II. — Chinese subjects, whether proceeding to the United
States as traders or students, merchants, or from curiosity, together
with their body and household servants, and Chinese labourers who are
[ 266 ]
now in the United States, shall be allowed" to go and come of their own
free will and accord and shall be accorded all the rights, privileges,
immunities, and exemptions whch are accorded to the citizens and
subjects of the most favoured nation.
Art. III.— If Chinese labourers, or Chinese of any other class,
now either permanently or temporarily residing in the territory of the
United States, meet with ill-treatment at the hands of any other
persons, the Government of the United States will exert all its power
to devise measures for their protection, and secure to them the same
rights, privileges, immunities, and exemptions as may be enjoyed by the
citizens or subjects of the most favoured nation, and to which they are
entitled by treaty.
Art. IV. — The high contracting Powers, having agreed upon the
foregoing Articles, whenever the Government of the United States shall
adopt legislative measures in accordance therewith, such measures will
be communicated to the Government of China, and if the measures, as
effected, are found to work hardship upon the subjects of China, the
Chinese Minister at Washington may bring the matter to the notice of
the Secretary of State of the United States, who will consider the
subject with him, and the Chinese Foreign Office may also bring the
matter to the notice of the U.S. Minister at Peking and consider the
subject with him, to the end that mutual and unqualified benefit may
result. In faith whereof, the Plenipotentiaries have signed and sealed
the foregoing at Peking, in English and Chinese, there being three
originals of each text of even tenor and date, the ratifications of which
shall be exchanged at Peking within one year from the date of its
execution.
Done at Peking, this 17th day of November, in the year of our
Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighty, Kuang Hsii sixth year,
tenth moon, fifteenth day. Signed and sealed by the above-named
Commissioners of both Governments.
The Commercial Treaty.
The following is the text of the Commercial Treaty -^ned at the
same place and time : —
The President of the United States of America and His Imperial
Majesty the Emperor of China, because of certain points of incomplete-
ness in the existing treaties between the two Governments, have named
as their Commissioners Plenipotentiary : The President of the United
States of America, James B. Angell, of Michigan ; John F. Swift,
of California ; and William "H. Trescott, of South Carolina, as his
Commissioners Plenipotentiary ; and His Imperial Majesty the
Emperor of China has appointed Pao Chun, a member" of His Imperial
Majesty's Privy Council and Superintendent of the Board of Civil
Office ; and Li Hung Tsao, a member of His Imperial Majesty's Privy
Council, as his Commissioners Plenipotentiary ; and the said Commis-
sioners Plenipotentiary, having conjointly examined their full powers,
and having discussed the points of possible modification in existng
treaties, have agreed upon the following additional articles : —
Am. I. — ^The Governments of the United States and China
recognizing the benefits of their past commercial relations, and in order
to stiU further promote such relations between the citizens and subjects
of the two Powers, mutually agree to give the most careful and
favourable attention to the representations of either as to such special
extension of commercial intercourse as either may desire.
[ 267 ]
Abt. II. — Tlje Governmeijts of China and of the IJnited States
mutually agree and undertake that Chinese subjects shall not be
permitted to import opium in any of the ports of the United States,
and citizens of the United States shall not be isermitted to import
opium into any of the open ports of China, or transport from one open
port to any other open port, or to buy and sell opium in any of the
open ports of China. This absolute prohibition, which extends to
vessels owned by the citizens or subjects of either Power, to foreign
vessels employed by them, or to vessels owned by the citizens or
subjects of either Power and employed by other persons for the
transportation of opium, shall be enforced by appropriate legislation
on the part of China and the United States, and the benefits of the
favoured nation clauses in existing treaties shall not be claimed by the
citizens or subjects of either Power as against the provisions of this
article.
Aet. III. — His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China hereby
promises and agrees that no other kind or higher rate of tonnage dues
or duties for imports or exports or coastwise trade shall be imposed or
levied in the open ports of China upon vessels wholly belonging to
citizens of the United States, or upon the produce, manufactures, or
merchandise imported in the same from the United States or from any
foreign country, or upon the produce, manufactiires, or merchandise
exported in the same to the United States, or an^- foreign country, or
transported in the same from one open port of China to another, than
are imposed or levied on vessels or cargoes of any other nation, or on
those of Chinese subjects. The United States hereby promises and
agrees that no other kind or higher rate of tonnage duties and dues for
imports shall be imposed or levied in the ports of the United States
upon vessels wholly belonging to the subjects of his Imperial Majesty,
coming either directly or by way of any foreign port from any of the
ports of China, which are open to foreign trade to the ports of the
United States, or returning therefrom either directly or by way of any
foreign port to any of the open ports of China, or upon the produce,
manufactures, or merchandise imported in the same from China, or from
any foreign country, thaii are imposed or levied on vessels of any other
nations which make no discrimination against the United States in
tonnage dues or duties on imports, exports, or coastwise trade, or than
are imposed or levied on vessels and cargoes of citizens of the United
States.
Abt. IV. — When controversies arise in the Chinese Empire
between citizens of the United States a:nd subjects of His Imperial
Majesty, which need to be examined and decided by the public officers
of the two nations, it is agreed between the Governments of the United
States and China that such cases shall be tried by the proper official
of the nationality of the defendant. The properly authorized official
of the plaintiff's nationality shall be freely permitted to attend the trial,
and shall be treated with the, courtesy due to his position. He shall
be granted all proper facilities for watching the proceedings in the
interest of justice, and if he so desire, he shall have the right to be
present and to examine and to cross-examine witnesses. If he is
disastisfied with the proceedings, he shall be permitted to protest
against them in debate. The law administered will be the law of the
nationality of the officer trying the case.
[ 268 J
In faith whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed and
sealed the foregoing, at Peking, in English and Chinese, there h6ing
three originals of each text, of even tenor and date, the ratifications of
which shall be exchanged at Peking within one year from the date of
its execution.
Done at Peking, this seventeenth day of November, in the year of
our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighty, Kuang Sti sixth year
tenth moon, fifteenth day.
(Signed) JAMES B. ANGELL.
JOHN F. SWIFT.
WILLIAM H. TRESOOTT.
„ PAO CHUN.
LI HUNG-TSAO.
IMMIGRATION PROHIBITION TREATY BETWEEN THE
UNITED STATES OP AMERICA AND CHINA, 1894.
Ratifications Exohakgbd at Washington, 7th Dbcembeb, 1894.
Whereas, on the 17th of November, a.d. 1880, and of Kwanhsiu,
the sixth year, the tenth month, and the 15th day, a treaty was
concluded between the United States and China for the purpose of
regulating, limiting, or suspending the coming of Chinese labourers to
and their residence in the United States, and, whereas, the Government
of China, in view of the antagonism and much depreciated and serious
disorders to which the presence of Chinese labourers has given rise in
certain parts of the United States, desires to prohibit the emigration of
such labourers from China to the United States ; and, whereas,
the two Governments desire to co-operate in prohibiting such
emigration and to strengthen in many other ways the bonds of
relationship between the two countries ; and, whereas, the two
Governments are desirous of adopting reciprocal measures for the better
protection of the citizens or subjects of each within the jurisdiction of
the other ; now, therefore, the President of the United States has
appointed Walter Q. Gresham, Secretary of State, as his Plenipoten-
tiary, and his Imperial Majesty, the Emperor of China, has appointed
Yang Yui, Ofiicer of the Second Rank, Sub-director of the Court of
Sacrificial Worship and Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipoten-
tiary, and the said Plenipotentiaries having exhibited their respective
full powers, found to be in due form and good faith, have agreed upon
the following articles : '—
Abt. I. — The high contracting parties agree that for a period of
ten years, beginning with the date of the ratifications of this Convention,
the coming, except under the conditions hereinafter specified, of
Chinese labourers to the United States shall be absolutely prohibited.
Art. II. — The preceding article shall not apply, to the return to
the United States of any registered Chinese labourer who has a lawful
wife, child, or parent in the United States or property therein of the
[ 269 1
value of $1,000, or debts of like amount due to him and pendiiig
settlement. Nevertheless, every such Chinese labourer shall, before
leaving the United States, deposit, as a condition of his return, with the
collector of customs of the district from which he departs, a full
description in writing of his family or property or debts as aforesaid,
land shall be furnished by the said collector with such certificate of his
right to return under this treaty as the laws of the United States may
now or hereafter prescribe, and not inconsistent with the provisions of
the treaty ; and, should the written description aforesaid be proved to
be false, the rights of return thereunder, or of continued residence after
return, shall in each case be forfeited. And such right of return to the
United States shall be exercised within one year from the date of
leaving the United States ; but such right of return to the United
States may be extended for an additional period, not to exceed one year,
in cases where, by reason of sickness or other course of disability beyond
his control, such Chinese labourer shall be rendered unable sooner to
return, which facts shall be fully reported to the Chinese Consul at the
port of departure, and by him certified to the satisfaction of the
collector of the port at which such Chinese subject shall land in the
United States. And no such Chinese labourer shall be permitted to
enter the United States by land or sea without producing to the proper
officer of the Customs the return certificate herein required.
Art. ni. — The provisions of the convention shall not affect the
right at present enjoyed of Chinese subjects, being officials, teachers,
students, merchants, or travellers for curiosity or pleasure, but not
labourers, of coming to the United States and residing therein. To
entitle such Chinese subjects as are above described to admission into
the United States they may produce a certificate either from their
Government or from the Government of the country where they last
resided, vised by the diplomatic or consular representative of the United
States in the country or port whence they depart. It is also agreed
that Chinese labourers shall continue to enjoy the privilege of transit
across the territory of the United States in the course of their journey
to or from other countries, subject to such regulations by the Govern-
ment of the United States as may be necessary to prevent the said
privilege of transit from being abused.
Art. rV. — ^In pursuance of Article 3 of the Immigration Treaty
between the United States and China, signed at Peking on the 17th
day of November, 1880, it is hereby understood and agreed, that Chinese
labourers or Chinese of any other class, either permanently or
temporarily residing in the United States, shall have for the protection
of their persons and property all rights that are given by the laws of the
United States to citizens of the more favoured nations, excepting the
right to become naturalized citizens. And the Government of the
United States reaffirms its obligations, as stated in the said Article 3,
to exert all its power to secure protection to the person and property of
all Chinese subjects in the United States.
Art. V.—^The Government of the United States having, by an
Act of Congress, approved May 5th, 1892, as amended and approved
November 3rd, 1893, required all Chinese labourers lawfully within the
United States, before the passage of the first-named Act, to be
^registered, as in the said Acts provided, with a, view of affording them
better protection, the Chinese Government will not object to the
enforcement of the said Acts, and reciprocally the Government of the
United States recognises the right of the Government of China to enact
and enforce similar laws and regulations, for the registration, free of
charge, of all labourers, skilled or unskilled (not merchants, as defined
by the said Acts of Congress), citizens of the United States in China
whether residing within or without the treaty ports. And the Govern-
[ 2t0 ]
ment of the United States agrees that Within iWelVe months from the
date of the exchange of the ratifications of this cojlventibh, and annually
thereafter, it will furnish to the Government of China registers or
reports showing the full name, age, occupation, and nllmber or place
of residence of all other citizens of the United States, including mission-
aries residing both within and.without the treaty ports of China, not
including, however, diplomatic and other officers of the United States
residing or travelling in China upon official business, together with their
body and household servants.
Art. VI. — This convention shall remain in force for a period of
ten years, beginning with the date of the exchange of ratifications, and,
if six months before the expiration of the said period of ten years
neither Government thall have formally given notice of its final
termination to the other, it shall remain in full force for another like
period of ten years.
In faith whereof, we, the respective pleiiipotentiaries, have signed
this Convention and have hereunto affixed our seals.
Done, in duplicate, at Washington, the 17th day of March, a.d.
1894.
WALTER Q. GRESHAM,
Secretary of State.
YANG YUI,
Chinese Minister to the United States.
i 27i ]
RUSSIA.
TREATY BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINA.
Signed, in the Russian, Chinese, and Fbench Languages,
AT St. Petersburg, 12th February, 1881.
Batificaiions exchanged at St- Petersburg, 19th August, 1881.
[Translated from the French Text.]
His Majesty the Emperor and Autocrat of all the Riissias and His
Majesty the Emperor of China, desiring to regulate some questions of
frontier and trade touching the interests of the two Empires, in order to
cement the relations of friendship between the two countries, have
named for their plenipotentiaries, to the effect of establishing an
agreement on these questions : — ■
His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias : His Secretary of
State, Nicholas de Giers, Senator, actual Privy Councillor, directing the
Imperial Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and his Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary to His Majesty the Emperor of China,
Eugene de Buzow, actual Councillor of State.
And His' Majesty the Emperor of China : Tseng, Marquess of
Neyong, Vice-President of . the High Court of Justice, his Envoy
Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to His Majesty the
Emperor of all the Russias, furnished with special powers to sign the
present Treaty in quality of Ambassador Extraordinary.
The above named plenipotentiaries, furnished with full powers,
which have been found sufficient, have agreed upon the following
stipulations : —
Art. I. — ^His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias consents to
the re-establishment of the Chinese Government in the country of Hi,
temporarily occupied since 1871 by the Russian Armies. Russia
remains in possession of this country, within the limits indicated by
Article VII of the present Treaty.
Art. II. — ^His Majesty the Emperor of China engages to decree
the proper measures to shelter the inhabitants of the country of Hi, of
whatever race and to whatever religion they belong, from all prosecu-
tion, in their goods or in their persons, for acts committed during or
after the troubles that have taken place in that country.
A proclamation in conformity with this engagement will be
addressed by the Chinese authorities, in the name of His Majesty the
Emperor of China, to the population of the country of Hi, before the
restoration of this country to the said authorities.
Art. III. — Ihe inhabitants of the country of Hi will be free to
remain in the places of their actual residence as Chinese subjects, or to
emigrate to Russia and to adopt Russian dependence. They will be
called to pronounce themselves on this subject before the re-establish-
[ 272 ]
ment of Chinese authority in the country of Hi, and a delay of one
year, from the date of the restoration of the country to the Chinese
authorities, will be accorded to those who show a desire to emigrate to
Russia. The Chinese will oppose no impediment to their emigration
or to the transportation of their moveable property.
Ajit. IV. — ^Russian subjects possessing land in the country of Hi
will keep their rights or property, even after the re-establishment of the
authority of the Chinese Government in that country.
This provision is not applicable to the inhabitants of the country
of Hi, who shall adopt Russian nationality upon the re-establishment of
Chinese authority in this country.
Russian subjects whose lands are situated without places apjpro-
priated to Russian factories, in virtue of Article XIII of the Treaty of
Kuldja of 1851, ought to discharge the same taxes and contributions as
Chinese subjects.
Art. V. — The two governments will appoint commissioners of
Kuldja, who will proceed to the restoration on the one part, to the
resumption on the other, of the administration of the province of Hi,
and who will be charged, in general, with the execution of the stipula-
tions of the present Treaty relating to the re-establishment, in this
country, of the Chinese Government.
The said commissioners will fulfil their commission, in conforming
to the understanding which will be established as to the mode of
restoration on the one part and of resumption on the other, of the
administration of the country of Hi, between the Governor-General
of Turkestan and the Governor-General of Shansi and Kansuh, charged
by the two governments with the high direction of the affair.
The resumption of the country of Hi should be finished within a
delay of three months or sooner, if it can be done, dating from the day
of the arrival at Tashkend of the functionary who will be delegated by
the Governor-General of Shansi and Kansuh to the Governor-General
of Turkestan to notify to him the ratification and the promulgation of
the present Treaty by His Majesty the Emperor of China.
Art. VI. — The Government of His Majesty the Emperor of China
will pay to the Russian Government the sum of nine millions of metallic
roubles, designed to cover the expenses occasioned by the occupation
of the country of Hi by the Russian troops since 1871, to satisfy all the
pecuniary claims arising from, up to the present day, the losses which
Russian subjects have suffered in their goods pillaged on Chinese
territories, and to furnish relief to the families of Russian subjects
killed in armed- attacks of which they have been victims on Chinese
territory.
The above-mentioned sum of nine millions of metallic roubles will
be paid within the term of two years from the date of the exchange of
the ratifications of the present Treaty, according to the order and tb^
conditions agreed upon between the two governments in the special
Protocol annexed to the present Treaty.
Art. VU. — The western portion of the country of Hi is incor-
porated with Russia, in order to serve as a place of establishment for
the inhabitants of this country, who shall adopt the Russian dependence
and who, by this action, will have had to abandon the lands which they
possessed there.
The frontier between the possessions of Russia and the Chinese
province of Hi will follow, starting from the mountains Bedjin-taou, the
course of the river Khorgos, as far as the place where this river falls
into the river Hi, and, crossing the latter, will take a direction to the
[ 273 ]
south, towards the mountains Ouzoun-taou leaving to the west the
village of Koldjat. Preceding from this point it will follow, whilst
being directed to the south, the delineation fixed by the Protocol
signed at Tchugtuchack in 1864.
Art. VIII. — A part of the frontier line, fixed by the Protocol
signed at Tchugtuchack in 1864, at the east of the Lake Zaisan, having
been found defective, the two governments will name commissioners
who will modify, by a common agreement, the ancient delineation
ill such a manner as to remove the defects pointed out and to establish
an effective separation between the Kirghiz tribes submitted to the two
Empires.
To the new delimitation will be given, as much as possible, an
intermediate direction between the. old frontier and a straight line
leading from the Kouitoun hill towards the Saovir hills, crossing the
Tcherny-Irtysh .
Art. IX.— The commissioners to be named by the two contracting
pssrties will proceed to place posts of demarcation, as well on the
delineation fixed by the preceding Articles VII and VIII, as on the
parts of the frontier where posts have not yet been placed. The time
and the place of meeting of these commissioners shall be fixed by an
understanding between the two governments.
The two governments will also name commissioners to examine the
frontier and to place posts of demarcation between the Russian province
of Ferganah and the western part of the Chinese province of Kashgar.
The commissioners will take for the base of their work the existing
frontier.
Art. X. — The right recognised by the treaties of the Russian
Government to nominate Consuls to Hi, to Tarbagatai, to Kasbgar,
and to Ourga is extended, from the present time, to the towns of
Soutcheou (Tsia-yu-kwan) and of Turfan. In the following towns :
Kobdo, Uliassoutai, Kb ami, Urumtsi, and Goutohen, the Russian
Government will establish consulates in proportion to the development
of commerce, an4 after an understanding with the Chinese Government.
The Consul of Soutcheou (Tsia-yu-kwan) and of Turfan will
exercise consular functions in the neighbouring districts, where the
interests of Russian subjects demand the presence.
The dispositions contained in Articles V. and VI. of the Treaty
concluded at Peking in 1860, and relative to the concession of land for
the houses for the consulates, for cemeteries, and for pasturage, will
apply equally to the towns of Soutcheou (Tsia-yu-kwan) and of Turfan.
The local authorities will aid the Consul to find provisional habitations
until the time when the houses of the consulates shall be built.
The Russian Consuls in Mongolia and in the districts situated on
the two slopes of the Tien-shan will make use of, for their journeys and
for their correspondence, the postal institutions of the government,
conformably to the stipulations of Article XI. of the Treaty of Tientsin
and of Article XII. of the Treaty of Peking. The Chinese authorities,
to whom they will address themselves for this purpose, will lend them
aid and assistance.
The town of Turfan not being a locality open to foreign trade, the
right of establishing a consulate will not be invoked as a precedent to
obtain a right analogous to the ports of China for the provinces of
the interior and for Slanchuria.
Art. XI. — ^Russian Consuls will commimioate, for affairs of service
either with the local authorities of the town of their residence, or with
the superior autljorities of the circuit or of the province, according to
[ 274 ]
the interests which are respectively confided to them, the importance
of the affairs to be treated of, and their prompt expedition shall require.
As to the rules of etiquette to be observed at the time of their interviews
and, in general, in their relations, they wiU be based upon the respect
which the functionaries of two friendly powers reciprocally owe each
other.
All the affairs which may arise on Chinese territory, on the subject
of commercial or other transactions, between those under the
jurisdiction of the two states, will be examined and regulated, by a,
common agreement, by the consuls and the Chinese authorities.
In law suits on commercial matters, the two parties will terminate
their difference amicably by means of arbitrators chosen by one side
and the other. If agreement is not established in this way, the affair
will be examined and regulated by the authorities of the two states.
Engagements contracted in writing, between Russian and Chinese
subjects, relative to orders for merchandise, to the transport of it, to
the location of shops, of houses, and of other places, or relating to other
transactions of the same kind, may be presented for legalisation by the
consulates and by the superior local administrations, who are bound to
legalise the documents which are presented to them. In case of non-
execution of the engagements contracted, the Consul and the Chinese
authorities will consult as to the measures necessary to secure the
execution of these obligations.
Akt. Xn. — Russian subjects are authorized to carry on, as in the
past, trade free of duties in Mongolia subject to China, as well in places
and aimaks where there is a, Chinese administration as in those where
there is none.
Russian subjects will equally enjoy the right of carrying on trade
tree of duties in the towns and other localities of the provinces of lU,
of Tarbagatai, of Kashgar, of Urumtsi, and others situated on the
slopes north and south of the chain of the Tien-shan as far as the Great
Wall. This immunity will be abrogated when the development of the
trade necessitates the establishment of a Customs tariff, comformable to
an understanding to be come to by the two Governments.
Russian subjects can import into the above-named provinces of
China and export from them every description of produce, of whatever
origin they may be. They may make purchases and sales, whether in
cash, or by way of exchange ; they will have the right to make their
payments in merchandise of every description.
Art. XIII. — In the places where the Russian Government will
have the right to establish consulates, as well as in the town of Kalgau,
Russian subjects may construct houses, shops, warehouses, and other
buildings, on the lands which they will acquire by means of purchase,
or which may be conceded to them by the local authorities, conformably
to that which has been established for Hi and Tarbagatai, by Article
Xni. of the Treaty of Kuldja of 1851.
The privileges granted to Russian subjects, in the town of Kalgan,
where there will not he a consulate, constitute an exception which
cannot be extended to any other locality of the interior provinces.
Akt. XrV. — Russian merchants who may wish to dispatch
merchandise from Russia, by land, into the interior provinces of China
can, as formerly, direct it by the towns of Kalgan and Tungchow to
the port of Tientsin, and from there, to the other ports and interior
markets, and sell it in those different places.
[ 275 ]
Merchants will rse this same route to export to Eussia the
merchandise purchased, as well in the towns and ports above named as
in the interior markets.
They will equally have the right to repair, for matters of trade, to
Soutcheou (Tsia-yu-kwan), the terminal point of the Russian caravans,
and they will enjoy there all the rights granted to Russian trade
at Tientsin.
Art. XV. — Trade by land, exercised by Russian subjects in the
interior and exterior provinces of China, will be governed by the
Regulations annexed to the prasent Treaty.
The commercial stipulations of the present Treaty, as well as the
Regulations which serve as a supplement to it, can be revised after an
interval of ten years has elapsed from the date of the exchange of
ratifications of the Treaty ; but if, in the course of six months before
the expiration of this term, neither of the contracting parties manifest a
desire to proceed to the revision, the trade stipulations as well as the
Regulations will remain in force for a new term of ten years.
Trade by sea route of Russian subjects in China will be subject to
the general regulations established for foreign maritime commerce in
China. If it becomes necessary to make modifications in these regula-
tions, the two Governments will establish an understanding on this
subject.
Art. XVI. — ^If the development of Russian overland trade provokes
the necessity of the establishment, for goods of export and import in
China, of a Customs ttrifE, more in relation than the tariffs actually ia
force, to the necessities of that trade, the Russian and Chinese Govern-
ments will proceed to an understanding on this subject, by adopting as
a base for settling the duties of entry and exit the rate of five per cent,
of the value of the goods.
Until the establishment of this tariff, the export duties on some
kinds of teas of inferior quality, acually imposed at the rates established
for the tea of superior quality, will be diminished proportionately to
their value. The settling of these duties will be proceeded with, for
each kind of tea, by an understanding between the Chinese Government
and the envoy of Russia to Peking, within the term of one year, at the
latest, from the date of the exchange of the ratifications of the present
Treaty.
Art. XVII. — Some divergencies of opinion having arisen hitherto
as to the application of Article X. of the treaty concluded at Peking, in
1860, it is established by these presents, that the stipulations of the
above-named article, relative to the recoveries to be effected, in case of
theft and the harbouring of cattle beyond the frontier, will be for the
future interpreted in the sense, that at the time of the discovery of the
individuals guilty of theft or the harbouring of cattle, they will be
condemned to pay the real value of the cattle which they have not
restored. It is undf-rstood that in case of the insolvency of the
individuals guilty of theft of cattle, the indemnity to be paid cannot be
placed to the charge of the local authorities.
The frontier authorities of the two States will prosecute, with all
the rigour of the laws of their country, the individuals guilty of the
harbouring of or theft of cattle, and should take all measures in their
power for the restitution to whom they belong of cattle diverted, or
which may have passed the frontier.
The traces of cattle turned aside or which may have passed the
frontier may be indicated, not only to the guards of the frontier posts,
but also to the elders of the nearest villages,
[ 276 ] '
Abt. XVIII. — The stipulations of the Treaty concluded at Aigoun
the 16th May, 1858, ccncerning the rights of the subjects of the two
Empires to navigative the Amoor, the Sungari, and the Oussouri, and
to carry on trade with the populations of the riverine localities, are and
remain confirmed.
The two Governments will proceed to the establishment of an
understanding concerning the mode of application of the said stipula-
tions.
Art. XIX. — The stipulations of the old treaties between Eussia
and China, not modified by the present Treaty, remain in full vigour.
Art. XX.— The present Treaty, after having been ratified by the
two Emperors, will be promulgated in each Empire, for the knowledge
and governance of each one. The exchange of ratifications will take
place at St. Petersburg, within a period of six months counting from
the day of the signature of the Treaty.
Having concluded the above Article, plenipotentiaries of the two
contracting parties have signed and sealed two copies of the present
Treaty, in the Russian, Chinese, and French languages. Of the three-
texts, duly compared and found in agreement, the French text will be
evidence for the interpretation of the present Treaty.
Done at St. Petersburg, the twelfth of February, eighteen hundred
and eighty-one.
(Signed) [L.S.] NICOLAS DE 6IERS.
„ [L.S.] EUGENE BUTZOW.
[L.S.] TSENG.
PROTOCOL.
In virtue of Article VI. of the Treaty signed to-day by the
plenipotentiaries of the Russian and Chinese Governments, the
Chinese Government will pay to the Russian Government the sum of
nine millions of metallic rouhles, designed to cover the expenses of the
occupation of the country of Ili by the Russian troops and to satisfy
divers pecuniary claims of Russian subjects. This sum shall be paid
within a period of two years counting from the day of the exchange of
the ratifications of the Treaty.
Desiring to fix the mode of payment of the aforementioned sum
the undersigned have agreed as follows : —
The Chinese Government will pay the equivalent of the sum of
nine millions of metallic roubles in pounds sterling, say one million
four hundred and thirty-one thousand six hundred and sixty-four
pounds sterling two shillings to Messrs. Baring Brothers & Co. in
London, in six equal parts, of two hundred and thirty-eight thousand
six hundred and ten pounds sterling thirteen shillings and eight pence
each, less the customary bank charges which may be occasioned by the
transfer of these payments to London.
The payments shall be scheduled at four months' distance the one
from the other ; the first shall be made four months after the exchange
of the ratifications of the Treaty signed to-day, and the last two years
after that oxehauge,
[ 111 ]
The present protocol will have the same force and value as if it
had been inserted word for word in the Treaty signed to-day.
In faith of which the plenipotentiaries of the two Governments
have signed the present protocol and have placed their seals to it.
Done at St. Petersburg, the twelfth of February, one thousand
eight hundred and eighty-one.
(Signed) [L.S.] NICOLAS DE GIBBS.
[L.S.] EUGENE BUTZOW.
[L.S.] TSENG.
[ 278 ]
PORT ARTHUR AND TALIENWAN AGREEMENT.
His Majesty the Emperor of China, on the sixth day of the third
moon of the twenty-fourth year of Kuang Hsti (March 27, 1898),
appointed the Grand Secretary, Li Hung-chang, and the Senior
Vice-President of the Board of Revenue, Chang Yin-huan, as
Plenipotentiaries to arrange with M. Pavloff, Charge d'Affaires and
Plenipotentiary for Russia, all matters connected with the leasing and
use by Russia of Port Arthur and Talienwan.
The treaty arranged between them in this condition is as follows :
Art. I. — It being necessary for the due protection of her navy in
the waters of North China that Russia should possess a station she can
defend, the Emperor of China agrees to lease to Russia Port Arthur
and Talienwan, together with the adjacent seas, but on the under-
standing that such lease shall not prejudice China's sovereignty over
this territory.
Art. n. — The limits of the territory thus leased, for the reasons
above stated, as well as the extent of territory north of Talienwan
necessary for the defence of that now leased, and what shall be allowed
to be leased shall be strictly defined and all details necessary to the
carrying out of this treaty be arranged at St. Petersburg with Hsu
Taj en so soon as possible after the signature of the present treaty, and
embodied in a separate treaty. Once these limits have been determined,
all land held by Chinese within such limits, as well as the adjacent
waters, shall be held by Russia alone on lease.
Art. hi. — ^The duration of the lease shall be 25 years from the
day this treaty is signed, but may be extended by mutual agreement
between Russia and China.
Art. rV. — ^The control of all military forces in the territory
leased by Russia and of all naval forces in the adjacent seas, as well as
of the civil officials in it, shall be vested in one high Russian official,
who shall, however, be designated by some title other than Governor-
General (Tsung-tu) or Governor (Hsiin-fu). All Chinese military forces
shall, without exception, be withdrawn from the territory, but it shall
remain optional with the ordinary Chinese inhabitants either to remain
or to go, and no coercion shall be used towards them in this matter.
Should they remain, any Chinese charged with a criminal offence shall
be handed over to the nearest Chinese official to be dealt with
according to Art. VIH of the Russo-Chinese treaty of 1860.
Art. V. — ^To the north of the territory leased shall be a zone, the
extent of which shall be arranged at St. Petersburg between Hsti TajSn
and the Russian Foreign Office. Jurisdiction over this zone shall be
vested in China, but China may not quarter troops in it except with
the previous consent of Russia.
Art. VI. — ^The two nations agree that Port Arthur shall be a naral
port for the sole use of Russian and Chinese men-of-war, and
be considered as an unopened port so far as the naval and mercantile
vessels of other nations are concerned. As regards Talienwan, one
portion of the harbour shall be reserved exclusively for Russian and
Chinese men-of-war, just like Port Arthur, but the remainder shall be a
commercial port freely open to the merchant vessels of all countries.
[ 279 ]
Art. VII. — ^Port Arthur and Talienwan are the points in the
territory leased most important for Russian military purposes. Russia
shall, therefore, he at liberty to erect, at her own expense, forts and
build barracks and provide defences at such places as she desires.
Aet. Vm. — China agrees that the procedure sanctioned in 1896
regarding the construction of railroads by the board of the Eastern
China Railway shall, from the date of the signature of this treaty, be
extended so as to include the construction of a branch line to Talien-
wan, or, if necessary, in view of the interests involved, of a branch line
to the most suitable point on the coast between Newchwang and the
Yalu River. Further, the agreement entered into in September, 1896,
between the Chinese Government and the Russo-Chinese Bank shall
apply with equal strength to this line. The direction of this branch line
and the places it shall touch shall be arranged between Hsii Tajen and
the board of the Eastern Railroads. The construction of this line shall
never, however, be made a ground for encroaching on the sovereignty
or integrity of China.
Art. IX. — This treaty shall take full force and effect from the
date it is signed, but the ratifications shall be exchanged in St.
Petersburg.
Signed, March 27, 1898.
[ 280 ]
THE KIAOCHOW CONVENTION.
Aet. I. — His Majesty the Emperor of China, being desirous of
preserving the existing good relations with His Majesty the Emperor of
Germany, and of promoting an increase ofTjerman power and influence
in the Far East, sanctions the acquirement under lease by Germany of
the land extending for 100 li, at high tide (at Kiaoohow).
His Majesty the Emperor of China is willing that German troops
should take possession of the above-mentioned territory at any time the
Emperor of Germany chooses. China retains her sovereignty over
this territory, and should she at any time wish to enact laws or carry
out plans within the leased area, she shall be at liberty to enter into
negotiations with Germany with reference thereto ; provided always
that such laws or plans shall not be prejudicial to German interests.
Germany may engage in works for the public benefit, such as water
works, within the territory covered by the lease, without reference to
China. Should China wish to march troops or establish garrisons
therein she can only do so after negotiating with and obtaining the
express permission of Germany.
Art. II. — ^His Majesty the Emperor of Germany, being desirous
like the rulers of certain other countries, of establishing a naval and
coaling station and constructing dockyards on the coast of China, the
Emperor of China agrees to lease to him for the purpose all the land
on the southern and northern sides of Kiaochow Bay for a term of
ninety-nine years. Germany is to be at liberty to erect forts on this
land for the defence of her possessions therein.
Aet. in. — ^During the continuance of the lease China shall have
no voice in the government or administration of the leased territory. It
will be governed and administered during the whole term of ninety-nine
years solely by Germany, so that the possibility of friction between the
two Powers may be reduced to the smallest magnitude. The lease
covers the following districts : —
(a-) — All the land in the north-east of Lienhan, adjacent to the
north-eastern mouth of the Bay, within a straight line drawn from the
north-eastern corner of Yintao to Laoshan-wan.
(h.) — All the land in the south-west of Lienhan, adjacent to the
southern mouth of the Bay, within a straight line drawn from a point
on the shore of the Bay bearing south-west by south from Tsi-pe-shan-to.
(e.) — ^Tsi-pe-shan-to and Yintao.
(d.) — The whole area of the Bay of Kiaochow covered at high-water.
(e.) — Certain islands at the entrance of the Bay which are ceded
for the purpose of erecting forts for the defence of the German posses-
sions. The boundaries of the leased territory shall hereafter be more
exactly defined by a commission appointed jointly by the Chinese and
German Governments, and consisting of Chinese and German subjects.
Chinese ships of war and merchant-ships, and ships of war and merchant
ships of countries having treaties and in a state of amity with China
shall receive equal treatment with German ships of war and merchant
ships in Kiaochow Bay during the continuance of the lease. Germany
is at liberty to enact any regulations she desires for the government of
the territory and harbour, provided such regulation apply impartially to
the ships of all nations, Germany and China included.
t 281 ]
Art. IV. — Germany shall be at liberty to erect whatever light-
houses, beacons, and other aids to navigation she chooses within the
territory leased, and along the islands and coasts approaching the
entrance to the harbour. Vessels of China and vessels of other countries
entering the harbour shall be liable to special duties for the repair and
maintenance of all light-houses, beacons and other aids to navigation
which Germany may erect and establish. Chinese vessels shall be
exempt from other special duties.
Art. V. — Should Germany desire to give up her interest in the
leased territory before the expiration of ninety-nine years, China shall
take over the whole area, and pay Germany for whatever German
property may at the times of surrender be there situated. In oases of
such surrender taking place Germany shall be at liberty to lease some
other point along the coast. Germany shall not cede the territory
leased to any other Power than China. Chinese subjects shall- be
allowed to live in the territory leased, under the protection of the
German authorities, and there carry on their avocations and business
as long as they conduct themselves as peaceable and law-abiding
citizens. Germany shall pay a reasonable price to the native proprietors
for whatever lands her Government or subjects require. Fugitive
Chinese criminals taking refuge in the leased territory shall be arrested
and surrendered to the Chinese authorities for trial and punishment,
upon application to the German authorities, but the Chinese authorities
shall not be at liberty to send agents into the leased territory to make
arrests. The German authorities shall not interfere with the likin
stations outside but adjacent to the territory.
THE RAILWAY AND MINING CONCESSION.
Art. I. — ^The Chinese Government sanctions the construction by
Germany of two lines of railways in Shantung. The first will run from
Kiaochow and Tsinan-fu to the boundary of Shantung province, via
Wei-hsien, Tsinchow, Pashan, Tsechuen and Suiping. The second
line will connect Kiaochow with Chinchow, whence an extension will
be constructed to Tsinan through Laiwu-hsien. The construction of
this extension shall not be begun until the first part of the line, the
main line, is completed, in order to give the Chinese an opportunity of
connecting this line in the most advantageous manner with their own
railway system. What places the line from Tsinan-fu to the provincial
boundary shall take in en route is to be determined hereafter.
Art. II. — ^In order to carry out the above-mentioned railway
work a Ohino-German company shall be formed, with branches at
whatever- places may be necessary, and in this Company both Germany
and Chinese subjects shall be at liberty to invest money if they so
choose, and appoint directors for the management of the undertaking.
Art. III. — All arrangements in connection with the works
specified shall be determined by a future conference of German and
Chinese representatives. The Chinese Government shall afford every
facility and protection and extend every welcome to representatives of
the German Railway Company operating in Chinese territory. Profits
derived from the working of these railways shaxx be justly divided pro
rata between the shareholders without regard to nationality. The
object of constructing these lines is solely the development of commerce.
In inaugurating a railway system in Shantung Germany entertains no
treacherous intention towards China, and undertakes not to unlawfully
seize any land in the province.
[ 282 ]
Art. rV.— The Chinese Government shall allow German subjects
to hold and develope mining property for a distance of 30 li from each
side of these railways and along the whole extent of the lines. The
following places where mining operations may be carried on are
particularly specified along the northern railway from Kiaochow to
Tsinan, Weihsien, Pa-shan-hsien and various other points ; and along
the Southern Kiaochow-Tsinan-Chinohow line, Chinchow-fu, Luiwu-
hsien, etc. Chinese capital may be invested in these operations and
arrangements for carrying on the work shall hereafter be made by a
joint conference of Chinese and German representatives. All German
subjects engaged in such works in Chinese territory shall be properly
protected and welcomed by the Chinese authorities and all profits
derived shall be fairly divided between Chinese and German share-
holders according to the extent of the interest they hold in the
undertakings. In trying to develope mining property in China,
Germany is actuated by no treacheroiis motives against this country,
but seeks alone to increase commerce and improve the relations between
the two countries.
If at any time the Chinese should form schemes for the develop-
ment of Shantung, for the execution of which it is necessary to obtain
foreign capital, the Chinese Government, or whatever Chinese may be
interested in such schemes, shall, in the first instance, apply to German
capitalists. Application shall also be made to German manufacturers
for the necessary machinery and materials before the manufacturers of
any other Power are approached. Should German capitalists or manu-
facturers decline to take up the business the Chinese shall then be at
liberty to obtain money and materials from sources of other nationality
than German.
This convention requires the sanction of His Majesty the Emperor
of China and His Majesty the Emperor of Germany. When the
sanction of His Majesty the Emperor of China reaches Berlin the
agreement approved by His Majesty the Emperor of Germany shall be
handed to the Chinese Ambassador. When the final draft is agreed to
by both parties four clean copies of it shall be made, two in Chinese
and two in German, which shall be duly- signed by the Chinese and
German Minister at Berlin and Peking. Each Power shall retain one
Chinese copy and one German copy, and the agreement shall be
faithfully observed on either side.
Dated, the fourteenth day of the seeond moon of the twenty-fourth
year of Kuang Hsu. (March 6th, 1898.)
[ 283 ]
PROTOCOLE FmAL
Nous sommes heureux de pouvoir etre les premiers a offrir a nos
lecteurs le texte authentique du Protocols final que nous venons de
reoevoir de Pekin :
Les Plenipotentiaires :
d'Allemagnb :
Son Excellence M. A. MUMM von SOHWAEZENSTEIN ;
D'AtTTRICHB-HoNQBIB :
Son Excellence le Baron M. CZIKANN von WAHLBORN ;
DE Belgique :
Son Excellence M. JOOSTEN ;
d'Espagnb :
Son Excellence M. B. J. de COLOGAN ;
DBS Etats-TJnis d'Ambeique :
Son Excellence M. W. W. ROCKHILL ;
DB PbANCB :
Son Excellence M. P. BEAU ;
DE LA GrANDE-BeETAGNB :
Son Excellence Sib ERNEST SATOW ;
d'ItaijIB :
Son Excellence le MAKQtns 8ALVAG0 RAGGI ;
DU Japon :
Son Excellence M. JIUTARO KOMIJRA ;
DES Pats Bas :
Son Excellence M. F. M. KNOBEL;
DE RxrssiB :
Son Excellence M. M. de GIERSj
DE Chine :
Son Altesse YI-K'OUANG, Prince du Premier Rang K'ING, President
du Miuistere des Affaires Etrangeres ;
Et
Son Excellence LI HONG-TCHANG, Comte du Premier Rang
SOU-yi Tuteur de I'Heritier Presomptif, Grand Secretaire du
Wen-Houa-Tien, Ministre du Commerce, Surintendant des Ports
du Nord, Gouverueur General du Toheli ;
se sont reunis pour constater que la Chine s'est conformee, a la
satisfaction des Puissances, aux conditions enumerees dans la Note du
22 decembre 1900 et qui ont ete aoceptees, dans leur entier, par
S. M. I'Empereur de Chine, par un decret en date du 27 decembre
1900. (annexe no. 1).
t 284 1
Art. I. (a). — Par un Edit Imperial du 9 juin dernier (annexe no. S)
Tsai-feng, Prince du Premier Rang Tch'oun, a ete nomme Ambassadeur
de Sa Majeste I'Empereur de Chine et a ete charge, en cette qualite, de
porter a Sa Majeste FEmpereur d'Allemagne I'expression des regrets de
Sa Majeste I'Empereur de Chine et du Gouvernement Chinois, au sujet
da I'assassinat de feu Son Excellence le Baron von Ketteler d'Allemagne.
Le Prince Tch'oun a quitte Pekin le 12 juillet dernier pour
executer les ordres qui lui ont et6 dormes.
Aet. I. (h). — Le Gouvernement Chinois a declare qu'il erigera sur
le lieu de I'assassinat de feu Son Excellence le Baron von Ketteler un
monument commemoratif, digne du rang du defunt, et portant une
inscription en langues latine, allemande et chinoise, qui exprimera les
regrets de Sa Majeste I'Empereur de Chine a propos du meurtre
commis.
Leurs Excellences les Plenipotentiaires Chinois ont fait savoir a
Son Excellence le Plenipotentiaire d'Allemagne, par une lettre en date
du 22 juillet dernier (annexe no. 3), qu'un portique de toute la largeur
de la rue est erige sur le dit lieu et que les travaux ont commence le 25
juin dernier.
Art. II. (o). — Des Edits Imperiaus en date des 13 et 21 fevrier
1901 (annexes nos. 4, 5 et 6), ont inflige les peines suivantes aux prin-
cipaux auteurs des attentats et des crimes commis centre les Gouveme-
ments Etrangers et leurs nationaux.
Tsai-yi, Prince Touan et Tsai-lan, Duo Fou-kuo, ont ete traduits
pour etre executes devant la Cour d' assises d'Automne et il a ete stipule
que si I'Empereur croit devoir leur faire grace de la vie, ils seront exiles
au Turkestan et y seront emprisonnes a perpetuita, sans que cette peine
puisse jamais etre commuee.
Tsai-hiun, Prince Tchouang, Ying-nien, President de la Cour des
Censeurs, et Tchao Chou-kiao, President au Ministere de la Justice,
ont ete condamnes a se donner la mort.
Yu-hien, Gouverneur du Chan-si, Ki-sieou, President au Ministere
des Rites, et Siu Tch'eng-yu, precedemment Directeur de gauche au
Ministere de la Justice, ont ete condamnes a la peine de mort.
General du Sze-Tch'ouan.
Un Edit Imperial du 13 fevrier 1901 (annexe no. 7) a rehabilite la
niemoire de Siu Yong-Yi, President au Ministere de la Guerre, Li-Chan,
President au Ministere des Finances, Hiu King-Tcheng. Directeur de
gauche au Ministere de I'lnterieur, Lien- Yuan, Tice-Chancelier au
Grand Secretariat, et Yuan- Tch'ang, Directeur a la Cour des Sacrifices,
qui avaient ete mis a mort pour avoir proteste centre les abominables
violations du droit international commises au cours de I'annee derniere.
Le Prince Tchouang s'est donne la mort le 21 fevrier 1901, Yung-
Nien et Tchao-Chou-Kiao le 24 ; Yu-Hien a eU execute le 22 enlin
K'i-Sieou et Siu-Tch'eng-Yu, le 26.
Tong-Fou-Siang, General au Kan-Sou, a ete prive de ses fonotions
par Edit Imperial du 13 fevrier en attendant qu'il soit statue sur la
peine definitive a lui infliger.
[ 285 ]
Des Edits Imperiaux des 29 avril et 19 aout 1901 ont inflig4 des
peines graduelles avix fonctionnaires des provinces reoonniis coupables
des crimes et attentats commis au cours de I'ete dernier.
Art. II. (b). — Un Edit Imperial promulgue le 19 aout 1901 (annexe
no. 8) a, ordonne la suspension des examens officiels pendant cinq ans
dans toutes les villes oii des etrangers ont ete massacres ou ont subi des
traitements cruels.
Am. III. — ^Afin d'accorder une reparation honorable pour I'assas-
sinat de feu M. Sougiyama, Chancelier de la Legation du Japan, Sa
Majeste I'Empereur de Cbine a, par un Edit Imperial du 18 juin 1901
(annexe no. 9), designe le Vice-President au Ministere des Finances,
Nat'ong, comme Envoye Extraordinaire, et I'a charge specialement de
porter a Sa Majeste FEmpereur du Japan I'expression des regrets de Sa
Majeste I'Empereur de Chine et de son Gouvernement au sujet de
I'assassinat de feu M. Sougiyama.
Art. rV. — Le Gouvernement Chinois s'est engag^ a eriger \m
monument expiatoire dans chacun des cimetieres etrangers ou
internationaux qui ont ete profanes et dont les tombes ont 6te
detruites. D'aceord avec les representant des Puissances, il a etS
convenu que les Legations interessees donneront les indications pour
I'erection de ces monuments, a charge, par la Chine d'en couvrir tous
les frais, evalues a dix mille taels pour les cimetieres de Pekin et des
environs, a cinq mille taels pour les cimetieres des provinces. Ces
sommes ont ete versees, et la liste de ces cimetieres est ci-jointe (annexe
no. 10).
Art. V. — La Chine a accepte de prohiber sur son territoire
I'importation des armes et des munitions ainsi que du materiel destine
exclusivement a la fabrication des arme^ et des munitions.
Un Edit Imperial a ete rendu le 25 aout 1901 (annexe no. 11), pour
interdire oette importation pendant une duree de deux annees.
De nouveaux Edits pourront etre rendus par la suite pour proroger
le terme de deux ans en deux ans, dans le oas de necessite reconnue
par les Puissances.
Art. VI. — Par un Edit Imperial en date du 22 mai 1901 (annexe
no. IS) Sa Majeste I'Empereur de Chine s'est engage a payer aux
Puissances une indemnite de quatre cent cinquante millions de Hai
Kouan taels. Cette somme represente le total des indemnites pour les
Etats, les societes, leg particuliers et les Chinois vises a I'Article VI de
la Note du 22 decembre 1900 (i).
(a) Ces quatre cent cinquante millions constituent une dette en
or, calculee au cours du Hai Kouan tael par rapport a la monnaie d'or
de chaque pays tels qu'ils sont indiques ci-apres :
I Hai Kouan Tael = Marks 3,055
= Couronnes austro-hongroises ... 3,595
=Dollar or 0,742
=Francs 3,750
= Livre sterling 0,3s Od
=Yen 1,407
=Florins neerlandais ... 1,796
=Bouble or 1,412
(au titre de dolies 17,424).
Cette somme en or sera productive d'interets a quatre pour cent
I'an et le capital en sera rembourse par la Chine en trente neuf annees
(1) Le Protocole marque, par erreur, 1901.
[ 286 ]
dans les conditions indiquees au plan d'amortissement ci-joint (annexe
no. IS). Le capital et les interets seront payables en or ou au taux
de change correspondant aux dates des diverses echeances.
Le fonotionnement de Tamortissement commencera le ler Janvier
1902 pour finir a I'expiration de I'annee 1940. Les amortissements
seront payables annuellement, la premiere eoheance etant fixes au ler
Janvier 1903. Les interets seront comptes a partir du ler juillet 1901,
mais le Gouvernement Chinois aura la faculte de se liberer, dans un
delai de 3 ans, commen^ant le ler Janvier 1902, des arrerages du ler
semestre flnissant le 31 decembre 1901, a la condition toutefois de
payer des interets composes a quatre pour cent Fan sur les sommes
dont le versement aura ainsi ete differe. Les interets seront payables
semestriellement, la premiere echeance etant fixee au ler juillet 1902.
(h) Le service de la Dette sera effectue a Shanghai et de la maniere
suivante :
Ohaque Puissance se fera representer par un delegue dans une
Commission de banquiers qui sera chargee d'encaisser le montant des
interets et des amortissements qui lui sera verse par des autorites
chinoises designees a cet effet, de le repartir entre les interesses et d'en
donner quittance.
(e) Le Gouvemement Chinois remettra au Doyen du ' Corps
Diplomatique a Pekin, un bon global qui sera transforme ulterieure-
ment en coupures revetues de la signature des Delegues du Gouveme-
ment Chinois designes a cet effet. Cette operation et toutes celles se
rapportant a I'etablissement des titres seront effectuees par la Com-
mission precitee conformement aux instructions que les Puissances
enverront a leurs delegues.
(d) Le produit des ressources affectees au paiement des bons sera
verse mensuellement entre les mains de la Commission.
(e) Les ressources affectees a la garantie des bons sont enumerees
ci aprfes :
1°. — Le reliquat des revenus de la Douane Maritime Imperiale
apres paiement de Finteret et de Famortissement des emprunts
anterieurs gages sur ces revenus, augmentes du produit de Felevation a
cinq pour cent effectifs du tarif actuel sur les importations maritimes,
y eompris les articles qui jusqu'a present entraient en franchise, a
i'exception du riz, des cereales et des farines de provenance etrangere
ainsi que de For et de I'argent monnayes ou non monnayes.
2°. — Les revenus des Douanes indigenes administrees dans les ports
ouverts par la Douane maritime Imperiale.
3°. — L'ensemble des revenus de la gabelle, sous reserve de la
fraction affectee precedement a d'autres emprunts etrangers.
L'elevation du tarif actuel sur les importations a cinq pour cent
effectifs est consentie aux conditions ci-apres.
La mise en vigueur de cette elevation commencera deux mois apres
la date de la signature du present protocole, et il ne sera fait d'exception
que pour les marchandises en cours de route, au plus tard dix jours apres
cette date.
1°. — Tons les droits sur les importations per9us ad valorem seront
convertis en droits speoifiques autant qu'il sera possible "de le faire, et
dans le plus bref delai. Cette conversion sera etablie comme suit :
On prendra comme base d' evaluation la valeur moyenne des
marchandises au moment de leur debarquement pendant les trois
[ 287 ]
annees 1897, 1898 et 1899, o'est-k-dire la valeur du marche, deduction
faite dy montant des droits d' entree et des frais accessoires.
En attendant le r&ultat de cette conversion, les droits seront
per9us ad valorem.
2. — ^Le cours du Peii-ho et celui du Whang-pou seront ameliores aveQ
la participation financiere de la Chine.
Abt. VII. — Le Gouvernement Ctinois a accepte que le quartier
occupe par les Legations fut considere comme un quartier specialement
reserve a leur usage et place sous leur police exclusive, ou les Chinois
n'auraient pas le droit de resider, et qui pourrait etre mis en etat de
defense.
Les limites de ce quartier ont ete ainsi fixees sur le plan ci-joint
(annexe no. H).
A I'ouest, la ligne, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 ;
Au nord, la ligne 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ;
A Test, la rue Ketteler : 10, 11, 12.
Au sud, la ligne 12, 1, tiree le long du pied exterieur de la muraille
tartare en suivant les bastions.
Par le protocole annexe a la lettre du 16 Janvier 1901, la Chine a
reconuu a chaque Puissance le droit d'entretenir uue garde permanente
dans le dit quartier pour la defense de sa Legation.
Am. VIII. — Le Gouvernement Chinois a consenti a faire raser les
forts de Takou et ceux qui pourraient empecher les libres communica-
tions entre Pekin et la mer.
Des dispositions ont ete prises a cet effet.
Art. IX. — Le Gouvernement Chinois a reconnu aux Puissances,
par le protocole annexe a la lettre du 16 Janvier 1901, le droit d'oecuper
certains points, a determiner par un accord entre Elles, pour maintenir
les communications libres entre la capitale et la mer.
Les points occvipes par les Puissances sont : Houan-ts'oun, Lang-
fang Yang-Ts'oun, Tien-tsin, Kiun-leang-tchang, T'ang-kou, Lou-tai,
T'ang-ohan, Louan-toheou, Tchang-li, Ts'in-wang-tao, Chan-hai-Kouan.
Abt. X. — Le Gouvernement Chinois s'est engage a afficher et a
publier pendant denx ans dans toutes les villes de district les Edits
Iraperiaux suivants :
(a) Edit du ler fevrier 1901 (annexe no. 15) portant defense
perpetuelle sous peine de mort, de faire partie d'une societe anti-
etrangere ;
(h) Edits des 13 et 21 fevrier, 21 avril et 19 aout 1901, contenant
I'enumeration des peines qui ont ete infligees aux ooupables.
(c) Edit du 19 aout 1901 supprimant les examens dans toutes les
villes oil des etrangers ont ete massacres ou ont subi des traitements
cruels ;
(d) Edit du ler fevrier 1901 (annexe no. 16) declarant que tous
lej Gouverneurs generaux, Gouverneurs et fonctionnaires provinciaux
ou looaux, sont responsables de I'ordre dans leur circonscription et,
qu'en cas de nouveaux troubles anti-etrangers ou encore d'autres
infractions aux traites qui n'auraient pas ete immediatement reprimes
et dont les coupables n'auraient pas ete punis, oes fonctionnaires seront
immediatement revoques sans pouvoir etre appeles a de nouvelles
foijctions ni recevoir de nouveaux honneurs.
[ 288 ],
L'affichage de ces Edits se poursuit progressivement dans tout
r Empire.
Art. XI. — Le Gouvernement Chinois s'est engage a negocier les
amendements juges utiles, par les GouTernements Strangers, aux
traites de commerce et de navigation, ot les autres sujets touchant aus
relations commerciales, dans le but de les faciliter.
Des maintenant et par suite de stipulations insorites a I'article VI
au suiet de I'indemnite, le Gouvernement Chinois s'engage a concourir
a I'amelioration du cours des rivieres Pei-ho et Whang-pou comme il
est dit oi-dressous.
(a) Les travaux d'amelioration de la navigabilite du Pei-ho, com-
mences en 1898 avec la cooperation du Gouvernement Chinois, ont ete
repris sous la direction d'une Commission Internationale.
Aussitot apres que I'administration de Tien-tsin aura ete remise au
Gouvernement Chinois, celui-ci pourra se faire representer dans cette
Commission et versera chaque annee une somme de soixante mille Hai
Kouan taels pour I'entretien des travaux.
(b) II est cree un Conseil fluvial charge de la direction et du
controle des travaux de rectification du Whang-pou et d'amelioration du
cours de cette riviere.
Ce conseil est compose de membres representant les interets du
Gouvernement Chinois et ceux des etrangers dans le commerce maritime
de Shanghai.
Les frais n^cessites par les travaux et radmiuistration generale de
I'entreprise sont evalues a la somme annuelle de quatre cent soixante
mille Hai Kouan taels pendant les vingt premiere annees.
Cette somme sera fournie par moitie par le Gouvernement Chinois
et par les interesses etrangers.
Le detail des stipulations se rapportant a la composition, aux
attributions et aux revenus du Conseil fluvial, fait I'objet de Vannexe
no. 17.
Art. XII. — Un Edit Imperial du 24 juillet 1901 (annexe no. 18) a
r^forme I'Office des Afiaires Etrangeres, (Tsong-li-yamen) dans le sens
indique par les Puissances, c'est a dire I'a transforme en un Ministere
des Affaires Etrangeres (Wai-wou-pou) qui prend rang avant les six
autres Ministeres d'Etat ;
Le m6me Edit a nomme les principaux Membres de ee Ministere.
Un accord s'est etabli egalement au sujet de la modification du
ceremonial de Cour relatif a la reception des Representants Etrangers,
et a fait I'objet de plusieurs notes des Plenipotentiaires Chinois nommes
dans un memorandum cl-joint (annexe no. 19).
Enfin il est expressement entendu que, pour les declarations
svis-enoncees et les documents annexes ^manant des Plenipotentiaires
etrangers, le texte fran9ais fait seul foi.
Le Gouvernement Chinois s'etant ainsi conforme, a la satisfaction
des Puissances, aux conditions enumerees dans la Note precitee du 22
deoembre 1900, les Puissances ont accede au desir de la Chine de voir
cesser la situation oreee par les d&ordres de I'ete 1900.
En consequence les Plenipotentiaires Etrangers sont autorises a
declarer au nom de leurs Gouvernements que, a I'exception des Gardes
des Legations mentipnnees a I'art VII, les troupes internatioiiales
i: 289 ]
^vaoueront oomplfetement la ville de P^kin, le 17 septembre 1901 et, k
I'exoeption des endroits mentionnes a I'article IX, se retireront de la
province du Tcheli, le 22 septembre 1901.
Le present Protocole final a ete etabli en douze exemplaires identi-
qnes et slgnfe par tous les Pl^nipotentiaires des Pays Contractants. TJn
exemplaire sera remis a chacun des Plenipotentiaires Etrangers et un
exemplaire sera remis aux Plenipotentiaires Chinois.
Pekin le 7 septembre 1901.
Signi: A. von MTJMM.
M. CZIKANN.
J008TENS.
B. J. DE COLOGAN.
W. W. ROCKHILL.
BEATJ.
ERNEST SATOW.
SALVAGO RAGGI.
JIUTARO KQMURA.
r. M. KNOBEL.
M. DE GIERS.
TI-K'OUANG.
LI H0N6-TCHANG.
Pour eopie conforme :
Les Secretaires :
A. d'ANTHOUARD.
B. BRODIBNSKY.
REGINALD TOWER.
G. BOHLEN.
[ 290 ]
ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS
OF
THE PEACE PROTOCOL.
(Signed at Peking on the 7th of September, 1901.)
The Plenipotentiaries : —
Of Germany : His Ex. A. Mumm von Sohwarzbnstbin.
Of Austro-Hungary : „ Czikann de Wahiboen.
Of Belgium : „ M. Joostbns.
Of Spain : ,, M- B. J. de Cologan.
Of United States of America : ,, Hon. W. W. Rookhili..
Of France : „ M. P. Bbaf.
Of Great Britain : „ Sir Ernest Satow.
Of Italy : „ Marquis Salvago Baogi.
Of Japan : „ M. Jiutaro Komxtba.
Of Holland : „ M. F. M. Knobbi,.
Of Russia : „ M. M. de GiXR.
Of China : His Highness I-Kitang, Prince of the first rank Ching,
President of the Board of Foreign Affairs ; and His Excellency Li
Hung-ohang, Count of the first rank, Tutor of the Heir Presumptive,
Grand Secretary of the Wen-hua Tien Hall, Minister of Commerce,
Superintendent of Northern Trade, Governor-General of Chihli, have
met in order to establish that China has announced her agreement
to the satisfaction of the Powers, with the conditions which are set forth
in the note of 22nd December, 1900, which were accepted as a whole
by His Majesty the Emperor of China by an Edict of 27th December,
1900 (annex 1).
Akt. Ia. — By an Imperial Edict of 9th June of this year (annex
2) Tsai Feng, Prince of first rank Chim, has been appointed Ambassador
of H.M. the Emperor of China, and in this capacity has been commanded
to express to H.M. the German Emperor the regret of H.M. the
Emperor of China and the Chinese Government for the death of the
German Ambassador, His Excellency Baron von Ketteler.
Prince Chtjn left Peking on the 12th July of this year to carry
out the mission entrusted to him.
I 291 1
Abt. Ib. — ^The CQiinese 'Governfiient has announced tihat it will
erecJt, on the spot of the murder of His Excellency Saron Von Ketteler,
a Memorial Monument corresponding to the rank of the deceased,
with an inscription in Latin, German, and Chinese, which shall express
the regret of H.M. the Emperor of CSiina for the murder done.
Their Excellencies the Chinese Plenipotentiaries have informed
His Excellency the German Plenipotentiary by a letter of 22nd July
of this year (annex 3) that an arch will be erected across the entire
breadth of the street on the spot mentioned and that the work was
begun on the 25th June of this year.
Akt. IIa. — Imperial Edicts of the 13th and 21st February, 1901
(annexes 4, 5 and 6) pronounce the following punishments upon the
chief culprits for the attacks and crimes which took place against the
friendly Governments and their subjects.
Tsai Yi, Prince Tuan, and Tsai Lan, Duke Pu Koo, have been
condemned to death at the autumn assizes, and it is further determined
that if the Emperor thinks their lives should be spared, they shall be
banished to Turkestan and there shall be imprisoned for life, with no
possibility that the punishment shall ever be commuted.
Tsai Hsun, Prince Chuang, Ying Nien, President of the Censorship
and Chao Shu-chiao, President of the Board of Punishments, shall be
condemned to commit suicide.
Yii Hsien, Governor of Shansi, Ch'i Hsiu, President of the Board
of Ceremonies, Hsu Cheng-yu, formerly Director in the Board of
Punishments, shall be condemned to death.
Degradation after death has been pronounced against Kang Yi,
assistant member of the Grand Secretariat and President of the Board
of Civil Office, Hsu Tung, member of the Grand Secretariat, and Li
Ping-heng, formerly Governor-General of Szechuan.
An Imperial Edict of 13th February, 1901 (annex 7), has rehabili-
tated the memory of the President of the Board of War, Hsu Yung-yi,
the President of the Board of Revenue, Li Shan, the Director of the
Board of Civil Office, Hsii Ching-ch'eng, the Vice-Ohancellor of the
Grand Secretariat, Lienyuan, and the Director of the Court of
Sacrifices, Yuan Cbang, who were executed because they protested
against the unheard-of offences against international rights which took
pLice during the last year.
Prince Chuang has committed suicide on the 21st February, 1901 ;
Ying Nien and Chao Shu-chiao on the 24th ; Yu Hsien has been
executed on the 22nd February, 1901 ; Ch'i Hsiu and Hsii Cheng-yu on
the 26th.
The General of Kansu, Tung Fu-hsiang, has been deprived of his
office by Imperial Edict of 13th February, 1901, until it shall be decided
what final punishment shall be pronounced against him.
Imperial Edicts of 29th April, and of 19th August, 1901, have
pronounced suitable punishments against Provincial authorities who
confessedly have been guilty of crimes or murder during the course of
last summer.
Abt. Hb. — ^An Imperial Edict which was promulgated on the 19th
August, 1901 (annex 8), has ordered the suspension of the official
examinations during five years, in, all towns where foreigners were
murdered or were subjected to harsh treatment.
[ 292 ]
Art. m. — ^In order to make suitable amends for the murder of
Mr. Sugiyama, Chancellor of the Japanese Legation, H.M. the Emperor
of China, by an Imperial Edict of 18th June, 1901 (annex 9), has
appointed the Vice-President of the Ministry of Finance, Na Tung,
au Extraordinary Ambassador, and commanded him in particular to
convey to H.M. the Emperor of Japan the expression of the regret of
H.M. the Emperor of China and his Government for the murder of
Mr. Sugiyama.
Art. rV. — The Chinese Government has undertaken to erect an
expiatory monument in each of the foreign or international cemeteries
which has been desecrated or in which grave monuments have been
destroyed.
To this end it has been arranged with the representatives of the
Powers that the Legations concerned will indicate what is necessary for
the erection of these monuments, with the undertaking on the part of
China to bear all the costs, which are fixed at 10,000 taels for the
cemeteries in Peking and its neighbourhood, and 5,000 in the provinces.
These sums have been paid, and the list of these cemeteries is herewith
affixed (annex 10).
Art. V. — China has agreed to forbid the importation of arms and
ammunition as well as of all material exclusively employed for the
manufacture of arms and of ammunition.
Au Imperial Edict was published on 25th August, 1901 (annex 11),
which forbids such importations for two years.
Further Edicts may be promulgated in the future in order to extend
this period every two years, in case the Powers deem it necessary.
Art. VI.— In an Imperial Edict of 22nd May, 1901, H.M. the
Emperor of China has undertaken to pay the Powers an indemnity of
450 millions Haikuan taels. This sum represents the total of the
indemnity for the States, societies, individuals and Chinese which are
mentioned in Article 6 of the Note of 22nd December, 1900.
(a) — These 450 million taels form a debt in gold in which the rate
of the Haikuan Tael is calculated in the gold currency of each country
in the following manner : —
I Haikuan Tael=Marks 3.055
Austro-Hungarian Kroners 3.595
Gold Dollar 0.742
Francs 3.750
Pound Sterling, Shanghai 3s. Od.
Yen 1.407
Dutch Gulden 1.796
Gold Rouble ■. 1.412
(at the rate of Dolies) 17.424
This sum in gold shall bear interest at the rate of 4 per cent a
year and the principal is to be reimbursed by China in thirty-nine years
on the conditions indicated in the plan of amortisation annexed hereto
(annex No. 13). The capital and interest will be payable in gold or at
the rate of exchange corresponding to the different dates of maturity.
C 293 ]
Tiie operation of the amortisation will commence on the 1st
January, 1902, and end at the expiration of the year 1940. The
amortisations will be payable annually, the first date of maturity being
fixed as the 1st January, 1903.
The interest will be calculated to begin from the 1st July, 1901,
but the Chinese Government will have the privilege of freeing itself in
a period of three years, commencing on 1st January, 1902, of the
arrears of the first half-year ending 31st December, 1901, on the
condition, however, of paying interest at four per cent per annum on
the sums of which the payment will have been thus deferred. The
interest will be payable half-yearly, the first maturity being fixed for
the 1st July, 1903-
(6.^ The service of the debt will be efEected at Shanghai in the
following manner : —
Each Power will be represented by a delegate in a commission of
bankers, which will be charged with the collection of the amount of the
interest and the amortisations, which will be paid to the said
commission by the Chinese authorities designated for that purpose, to
divide this among those interested and to give a receipt.
(c.) The Chinese Government will remit to the doyen of the
Diplomatic Corps at Peking a lump coupon which wiU be subsequently
transformed into notes provided with the signatures of the delegates of
the Chinese Government designed for that purpose. Each operation,
and all those which are connected with the establishment of the titles,
will be effected by the aforesaid commission conformably to the
instructions which the Powers will send to their delegates.
(d.) The product of the resources to be devoted to the payment
of the coupons will be paid monthly into the hands of the commission.
(e-) The resources to be devoted to the guarantee of the coupons
are enumerated hereafter : —
1. — The balance of the revenues of the Imperial Maritime Customs
after payment of the interest and the amortisation of the previous loans
pledged on these revenues, augmented by the product of the raising to
an effective five per cent of the actual tariff on maritime imports,
including articles which have hitherto entered free, with the exception
of foreign rise, cereals and flour, as well as gold and silver, coined or
uncoined.
3. — ^The total of the revenue of the gabelle, under reserve of the
fraction previously affected to other foreign loans.
The raising of the actual tariff on imports to an effective five per
cent is consented to on the following conditions : —
The putting in operation of that increase will commence two
months after the date of the signature of the present protocol, and
there will be only exceptions for merchandise en route at the latest ten
days after that date.
1. — ^AU the duties on importations levied ad valorem will be
converted into specific duties as far as it is possible to do so and with
the least delay. Tbis conversion will be established as follows : —The
'[ 2«^ ]
average value at the time;; of th(ji^ disembarkation during^, the, three
years, 'l'89.7,' 1898, 18'99, will be taken as the b^sis of the valuation—
that is to say, the value on the market, deduction being made of the
import duties and the accessory expenses.
Until the result of that conversion is known, the dutfes will be
imposed ad valorem.
2.— The course of the Peiho and the Huangpu will be improved
with the financial participation of China.
Art. VII. — The Chinese Government has agreed that the qua,rter
occupied by the Legations shall be considered as a quarter specially
reserved' to their usage and placed under their exclusive police, where
the Chinese shall not have the right to reside, and which may be put
into a state of defence. The limits of the quarter have been thus fixed
on the plan annexed (annex No. 14) : —
I.— To the west, line 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ;
n.— To the north, lines 6, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10;
in.— To the east, Ketteler Street, lines 10, 11, 12-;
rV. — ^To the south, lines 12 — 1 ; drawn along the fqct of the
exterior of the Tartar wall, in following the bastions.
By the protocol aimexed to the letter of 16th January, 1901, China
has_ recognised that each Power has the right to retain a permanent,
guard in the said quarter for the defence of its' Legation.
Am. Vm. — ^The Chinese Government has consented to have the
Taku forts razed, and those which could prevent free communication
between Peking and the sea.
Dispositions have been taken to this effect.
Art. EX. — Th^ Chinese Government has recognised that the
Powers, by the protocol annexed to the letter of the 16th January,
1901, have the right to occupy certain points to be determined by
agreement between them, in order to maintain free communication
between the capital and the sea.
The points occupied by the Powers are — Huangtsun, Langfong,
Yangtsun, Tientsin, Ch'engHangch'eng, Tangku, Lutai,- Ta,ngshan,
Lanohow, ChangU, Chinwangjtao, Shanhaikuan.
Art. X.— The Chinese Government has engaged to: post' and
publish during two years in all the district towns the following Itaperial
Edicts (annex No. 15) : —
(a.) Edict of the 1st February, 1901, perpetually forbidding, .under
pain of deathy membership of . an anti-foreign ' society.
(6.) Edicts of the 13th and 2lBt February, 21st April, and 19th
August, 1901, containing the enumeration of the punishinents which
have been inflicted on the guilty.
(c.) Edicts of 1st February, 1901, suppressing the exam,inations
in all .the. towns where foreigners have been massacred or have been
subjected to harsh treatment.
»T1 It^r^'^'^' °y'* February, 1901 (annex No. 16), declaring that
all the Governors-General, Governors and functionaries, provincial or
rp"r,«wf'rf^'^?T''^^ *°' order in- .their districts and that in, case of a
renewal of anti-f oreiga-troubles,, or ; even of other infraictions of the
f 295 ]'
treaties, wljioh, are not immsdjately repressed, and of which those guilty
shall not have been punished, jbhese functionaries will he immediately-
dismissed, and shall not be appointed to new positions nor receive
new honours.
The posting of these Edicts is done consistently throughout the
whole Empire.
Art. XI. — The Chinese Government has engaged to negotiate
ainendments judged usefulby the Foreign Gov.ernments to the treaties
of commerce and navigation, and other subjects touching commercial
relations, with the view of facilitating these.
From now and in consequence of the stipulations inscribed in
Article VI on the subject of the indemnities, the Chinese Government
has engaged to co-operate in the amelioration of the course of the
rivers Peiho and Huangpu, as set out below : —
(a.) The work of improving ' and making properly navigable the
Huangpu, commence^ in 1898, with the co-operation of the Chinese
Government, has been reconimenced under the direction of an inter-
national commission.
As soon after as the administration of Tientsin shall have been
remitted to the Chinese Government, that government may be
represented in that commission, and shall pay each year a sum of sixty
thousand Haikuan taels for the up-keep of the works.
(b.) There is created a River Council charged with the direction
and control of the works of the Huangpu and of the improvement of
the course of the river.
This council is composed of members representing the interest
of the Chinese Government and those of foreigners in the maritime
commerce of Shanghai.
The expense necessitated by the works and the general administra-
tion of the enterprise has been estimated at the sum of 460,000
Haikuan taels during the first twenty years.
This sum will be furnished, half by the Chinese Government and
half by the foreigners interested.
The details of the stipulations in connection with the composition,
the attrihutions.and the'revenues of the fluvial council are the subject
of the annex No. 17.
Art. Xn.— An Imperial Edict of 24th July, 1901 (annex No. 18),
has reconstructed the Office of Foreign Affairs (Tsungli Yamen) in the
direction indicated by the Powers, that is to say, has transformed it
into a Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Wai-wu-pu), which takes rank before
the other six Ministries of State.
The same edict has named the principal members of this ministry.
An accord is equally established on the subject of the modification
of the ceremonial of the Court relative to the reception of the foreign
representatives, and has been the subject of several notes of the
Chinese Plenipotentiaries named in a memorandum herewith annexed
(annex No. 19).
Finally, it is expressly understood that, for the declarations above
named and the documents attached emanating from the Foreign
Plenipotentiaries, the French text is alone authentic.
t 296 ],
The Chinese Government having thus conformed, to the satisfac-
tion of the Powers, to the conditions enumerated in the aforesaid Note
of 22nd December, 1900, the Powers have acceded to the desire of
China to see the situation created by the disorders of the summer of
1900 come to an end. In conseqcence the Foreign Plenipotentiaries
have authorised the declaration, in the name of their Governments,
that, with the exception of the Legation Guards mentioned in Article
VII, the international troops will completely evacuate the town of
Peking, the 17th September, 1901, and with the exception of the places
mentioned in Article IX, will retire from the province of Chihli, on
the 22nd of September, "1901.
The present final protocol has been established in twelve identical
copies and signed by all the Plenipotentiaries of the contracting coun-
tries. A copy will be remitted to each of the Foreign Plenipotentiaries
and a copy will be remitted to the Chinese Plenipotentiaries.
Certified copy.
Secretaries : -
(Signed) A. VON MUMM.
M. CZIKANN.
JOOSTENS.
B. J. COLOGAN.
W. W. ROCKHILL.
BEAU.
ERNEST SATOW.
SALVAGO RAGGI.
JITJTARO KOMURA.
F. M. KNOBEL.
M. DE GIERS.
CHING.
LI HUN6-CHANG.
A. D'ANTHOUARD.
B. BRONDIENSKY.
REGINALD TOWER.
G. BOHLEN HALBARD.
[ 29? 1
ANNEXE No. i.
EDIT IMPERIAL du 27 decembre igoo.
(Traduction.)
(Sceau de VEmpereur.)
Le 6e jour de la lie lune de la 26e annee de Kouang-Siu (27
decembre 1900), I'edit suivant a ete rendu.
" Nous avons pris connaissance de tout le telegramme de Yi-
K'ouang et de Li Hong-tchang. II convient que Nous acceptions dans
leur entier les douze articles qu'ils Nous ont soumis."
" Respect a ceei ! "
ANNEXE No. 2.
6DIT imperial du g juin igoi.
(Traduction.)
" Nous conferqns a Tsai-feng, Prince du premier rang, Tch'oun,
le titre d'Ambassadeur extraordinaire et le ohargeons de se rendre en
Allemagne povir s'acquitter respectueusement de la mission que Nous
lui confions.
Tchang-Yi, Lecteur a la Grande Ohancellerie, et Yin-toh'ang,
Lieutenant Gouverneur militaire, raccompagneront en qualite de secre-
taires."
ANNEXE No. 3.
Depkhe du Prince K'ing et de Li-Hong-tchang, du 22Juilletigoi,
d son Excellence M. de Mumm, Plenipotentiare d^ Allemagne.
(Traduction.)
Befokse officielle :
Le 3e jour de la 5e lune de la presente annee, (le 18 juin 1901),
Nous avons re9u de Votre Excellence la communication officielle
ci-aprfes :
" Messieurs Jouei-leang, secretaire, et Lien-fang, taotai en
expectative, del^ues charges de I'execution de I'article I de la Note
Collective stipulant 1' erection d'un monument commemoratif sur le lieu
de I'assassinat du Baron vou Eettler, ci-devant Ministre dAIlemagne,
sont entres il y a quelque temps en pourparlers avec ma Legation,
et ont aborde la question du mode d' execution de ce monument.
" Au cours de nombreux entretiens, ils ont declare que si Ton
tenait a ce qu'un portique commemoratif en marbre de Ta-li et
s'etendant sur toute la largeur de I'avenue de Tch'bng-wen-men, fut
erige sur le lieu de I'assassinat, le travail serait trop long, en raison dea
di&cultes de transport des materiaux ; mais que, pour ce qui etait do
trouver quelque autre moyen consistant soit a transferer sur le lieu de
I'assassinat Un portique place actuellement ailleurs, soit a dresser un
portique neuf, soit a faire usage d'un portique ancien que Ton
transporterait, ils s'en remettaient a la decision de mon Gouvemement.
" J'ai aussitot deniaiide par le telegraphe a mon Gourernement de
me faire connaitre ses rues.
" La reponse qui vient de me paryenir me fait savoir que Sa
Majeste I'Bmpereur d'Alleiriagrie a decide lui mSme qu'il devait etre
erige un portique neiif tenant toute la largeur de la rue.
" Je dois en consequence vous prier instamment de prendre de
promptes mesures pour que les travaux puissent commencer imme-
diatement.
" Nous, Prince et Miuistre, avons aussitot present aux dits
secretaires et taotai d'agir de conformite. Suivant le rapport qu'ils
nous ont adresse, " les travaux ont ete commences le lOe jour de la 5e
lune (25 juiu) par les fondations. Mais un certain temps est necessaire
pour I'extraction des pierres, leur taille et le transport des materiaux ;
et on ne peut que veiller a ce que les ouvriers fassent tous leurs efforts
pour inener activement le travail."
Outre que Nous avons prescrit de Nous tenir au oourant de
1 achevGinent des travaux^ Nous croyons devoir adresser la preserite
reponse officiell^ a Votre Excellence en La priant d'en prendre note.
ANNEXE No. 4.
tmr IMPISRIAL du 13 fevrier igoi.
(Traduction.)
Depuis la §e lune (finmai), les Boxeurs ont souleve des troubles
dans la Capital e,et ont ouvert les hostilitfe centre des pays amis. Yi-
K'ouaug et Li Hong-Tchang negocient la paix a Pekin avec les Eepre-
sentants des Puissances et tout un arrangement preliminaire a deja ete
signe.
(Si) Nous Nous reportons' au debut de ces evenements, (nous
trouvons qu'ils sont dus) a plusieurs Princes et'Ministres stupides, fous,
completement ignorants^ jturbiilents, qui"ont:f6uM atix 'pieds; les lois.
llsont'eii la plus grande confia.nce' dans; des ;ra6yesns pervers et ont
entr^ih'4 la Cour; Non seuleinent ils ont refuse d'obeir a Nos ordjes
pour aneantir les Boxeurs, mais. ils ont ete jusqu'a les croire et,
sottement, ib se sorit mis a'attaqiier (tes Lega'tioiis). ^ Aussi"ce'n?.auVais
, ' point tre^ important).
De plus leameneurs fordereiit des genefaiix et des soldats ignorants a
attaquer leS LegatiOM et c'est ainslque des maux'^ihcroyalljles ont sevi
pendant plusieurs mois.
Les dieux tutelai'r6s de I'Empire oiit ^t6' en danger, les tombes
Imperialeset les temples des Ancetres'brit ireiiible, le pays a ete d4vaste,
les habitants sont plonges dans la misere. Aucune parole ne saurait
[, 299 ],
exprimer les dangers que Nous et S.M. I'lmperatrice Douairiere avoiis
courus. Notre ooeur et notre tete en souffrent encore maintenant ; nos
pleurs et nos ressentiments se confondent. C'est vous, Princes et
Ministres, qui en ajoutant foi aux paroles perverses et en laissant agir
les malfaiteurs, avez mis en danger, au Ciel, nos Ancetres et nos dieux
et qui, ioi-bas, avez fait endurer au peuple ces calamites. Demandez-
vous quel est le chatiment que vous meritez ?
Nous avons deja rendu deux deorets. Mais comprenant que des
peines si legeres pour des fautes si grandes ne pouvaient suffire a vous
faire expier vos crimes, Nous devons vous infliger de nouveaux chati-
ments plus severes, selon votre degre de culpabilite.
Tsai-Hiun, Prince Tchouang, deja degrade, a laisse les Boxeurs
attaquer les Legations. II a, de sa propre autoritee, publie des procla-
mations contraires aux traites ; il a ajoute foi legferement aux diresdes
malfaiteurs ; il a fait deoapiter illegalement un grand nombre de
personnes ; il s'est montre, en verite, grossier et inintelligent. Nous
I'invitons, par faveur, a se suicider. Nous cbargeons Ko Pao-houa,
president par interim de la Cour des Censeurs, dialler oonstater (le
suicide).
Tsai-Yi, Prince Touan, deja degrade, a entraine avec lui plusieurs
Princes et Pei Lo (Princes dil 3e rang). 11' a ecoute legeremeiit les
Boxeurs et sottement il a corfseille de se battre. C'est ainsi que tous
ces troubles ont eclate : ses fautes, en verite, ne peuvent etre ecartees.
Tsai-Lan, due Fou-Kouo, retrograde, a, de concert avec TSai-Hiun,
sottement publie des proclamations contraires aux traites. II doit
egalement etre puni pour ses fautes. Nous les privons de leurs titres
de noblesse, mais, considerant qu'ils font partie de notre famille. Nous
ordonnons, par une faveur speoiale que Nous leur accordons, qu'ils
soient envoyes dans le Sin-Kiang (Ili), oii ils seront condamnes e
perpetuite a la prison. On enverra d'abord des delegues pour les
surveiller.
Yu-Hien, gouverneur degrade, a cru sottement, lorsqu'il exer9ait
precedement les fonctions de gouverneur au Chantong, aux philtres
des Boxeurs. Arrive a Pekin, il en a vante les louanges, si bien que
plusieuTS Princes et Ministres ont subi sa mauvaise influence. Etant
gouverneur du Chansi, il a massacre un grand nombre de missionnaires
et de Chretiens. C'est plus qu'un imbecile, qu'un fou, qu'un assassin,
c'est le plus grand coupable et I'auteur de toutes ces calamites, II a
deja ete envoye au Sin-Kiang et, peusant qu'il est arrive au Kah-sou,
Nous ordonnons que, sur I'ordre que nous envoyons, il soit immediate-
ment decapite. Nous chargeonslejuge provincial Ho Foukoueun, de
constater I'application de la peine.
Kang-Yi, Sous-grand Secretaire d'Etat, President au Ministere de
rinterieur, ayant prete son apprai aux BoSeiirs, des trbubles graves
eclaterent. Il continua a publier des proclamations contraires aux
traites. TJu chatiment severe deyait a I'origine lui etre inflige, mais il
est mort de maladie. Nous ordonnons que les grades qu'il possedait
primitivement lui soient retires et qu'il Boit aussitot degrade;
Tong Pou-siang, general au Kan-sou, degrade et laisse en fonctions,
est entre (dans Pekin) pour defendre (la ville) avec les troupes plaeees
sous ses ordres ; it n'a passu exercer.une discipline sev&re. Ignorant
d'? plus les questions internationales,^ il suivait ses idees et agissait
d'une fa9on inconsidefee. Bien que les attaques centre les Legations
lui fussent ordonnees par les susdits Princes degrades; il est.;diffi<dle
Dependant de I'absoudre de toutes fautes. Nous devious d'abord le
[ 300 i
piinir severement, mais, songeant aux services signales qu'il a rendu
au Kan-sou et aux sympathies parmi les Musulmans et les Chinois, par
un acte de clemence extraordinaire, Nous ordonnons qu'il soit imme-
diatement degrade.
Ying-Nien, President de la Cour des Censeurs, retrograde et
replace, s'est oppose a ce que Tsai-Hiun publie de sa propre autorite
des proclamations contraires aux traites. Nous pouvons tenir compte
de cette circonstance, mais comme il n'a pas su vaincre (cette
resistance) par la force, il est en somme difficile de I'absoudre de ses
fautes. Nous ordonnons, par une marque de grande bienveillance, qu'il
soit degrade. Nous le condamnons a mort et il attendra en prison qu'il
soit statue sur son cas.
Tchaon Chou-kiao, President au Ministere de la Justice, degrade
et laisse en fonctions, n'avait jamais montre jusqu'alors aucun senti-
ment d'animosite dans les relations aveo les Puissances Btrangeres.
Ayant fait une enquete sur les Boxeurs il ne tint aucun propos en leur
faveur, mais par sa negligence des fautes furent commises. Nous
ordonnons, par une marque de grande bienveillance, qu'il soit degrade.
Nous le condamnons a mort et il attendra en prison qu'il soit statue
sur son cas.
Nous ordonnons qu' Ying-Nien et Tchaou Chou-kiao soient d'abord
enfermes dans la prison de la capitale du Chen Si.
Siu Tong, Grand Secretaire d'Etat, et Li Ping-heng, anoien
Gouverneur General du Sze-tohouen, retrograde et deplace, sont morts
pour la patrie, mais tout le monde reconnait leurs fautes. Nous
ordonnons de les degrader et Nous leur retirons les honneurs
porthumes que Nous leur avions conferes.
Apres la promulgation de ce deoret, tons nos pays amis devront
considerer que les evenements causes par les Boxeurs ne sont dus en
verite qu'aux principaux fauteurs de desordre et nuUement aux desirs
do la Cour.
Nous, Empereur, ne punissant pas a la legere plusieurs des
principaux fauteurs de desordre, les mandarins et les populations de
I'Empire comprendront aussitot que les consequences de telles affaires
sont des plus graves.
Respect a eeei !
ANNEXE No. 5.
:]£dIT imperial du IS fevrier igoi.
(Traduction.)
" K'i-Sieou, President au Ministere des Rites et Siu Tch'eng-yu,
pr^cMemment Direoteur de gauche au Ministere de la Justice, seront
d'abord degrades.
Nous ordonnons a Yi-K'ouang et a Li Hong-tohang de rechercher les
preuves exactes de leur culpabilite et de Nous adresser aussitot un
rapport. lis seront punis avec la plus grade severity.
Respect a ceoi ! "
C 301 ]
ANNEXE No. 6.
6dIT imperial du 21 fivrier igoi.
(Traduction.)
Edit rendu et transmis tel^graphiquement le Se jour de la Ire lune
(21 f^vrier 1901), et re^u par le Grande Chanoellerier.
Par un Edit anterieur, Nous avions deja severement puni, suivant
leur cas, tous les hauts fonctionnalres auteurs prinoipaux des maus
presents. Mais Nous avons re^u, il y a quelques temps, un rapport
t616grapliique de Ti-K'ouang et de Li Hong-tohang, Nous disant que,
d'apres une depeche officielle des Ministres Plenipotentiaires des
diverses Puissances, de nouvelles aggravations de peines etaient
necessaires et Nous suppliant de prendre une decision.
Outre Tsai-Hiun, a^uquel il a ete prescrit de se suicider, et Yu-Hien,
centre lequel la peine de la decapitation immediate a ete prononcee, et
pour chacun desquels des delegues seront charges d'aller verifier
(I'exeoution des sentences), Nous decidons que la peine applicable a
Tsai-Yi (Prince Touan) et a Tsai-Lan (Due Lan) est la decapitation
. aveo sursis ; toutef ois, en consideration des liens de parente qui les
unissent a Nous, Nous leur faisons la faveur toute speciale de les
envoyer sur les confins de I'Empire, au Turkestan, oii ils seront empri-
sonnes a perpetuite. Un delegue charge de les conduire sous escorts
sera designe et partira au premier jour.
Pour Kang-Yi, dont les crimes etaient plus graves, la peine a
appliquer aurait ete la decapitation sans delai ; mais comme il est d^ja
mort de maladie, il lui sera fait grace d'un nouvel examen de son cas.
Pour Ying-Nien et Tchao Chou-k'iao, dont la peine, suivant Nos
precedentes decisions, devait etre la decapitation avec sursis. Nous
ordonnons qu'il soient invites a se suicider et Nous chargeons Ts'en
Tch'-oun-hiuan, Gouverneur du Chan-si d'aller controler (leur mort).
Pour K'i-Sieou et Siu To'heng-yu que les Puissances designent
comme les protecteurs achames des bandits Boxeurs et, comme ayant
tout part'iculierement fait du mal aux etrangers, Nous avions preoedem-
ment edicte leur destitution ; Nous ordonnons (aujourd'hui) a Yi-
K'ouang et a Li Hong-tchang de demander aux Puissances, par depeche,
leur remise, et de les faire aussitot executer. L'un des Presidents
du Ministere de la Justice sera charge de controler (leur execution).
Quant a Siu T'ong, qui a compromis les grands interets generaux
en accordant a la legere confianee aux Boxeurs, et a Li Ping-heng dont
les habitudes de vantardise ont deliberement eneendre ces malheurs, la
peine a leur appliquer aurait ete la decapitation avec sursis ; mais
prenant en consideration qu'ils se sont suicides en voyant approcher le
desastre, qu'ils ont deja 6t6 degrades, et que les honneurs posthumes
qui leur avaient ete decem^s ont ete annules et retires, il convient de
ne pas revenir sur leur oas.
La nature des crimes commis par les prinoipaux auteurs du mal a
ete exposee, d'un fajon claire et detaillee dans de precedents decrets,
Bespect a ceci I
'[ 302 ]
ANNEXE No. 7.
tOIT IMPERIAL du isfevrier igoi.
(Traduction.)
" Les troubles suscites par les Boxenrs dans le courant de la
5e lune (mai — juin) ayant augmente de jour en jour, la Cour avait deux
partis difficile^ a prendre, soit de prendre des mesures coercitives, soit
de les apaiser. Dans I'espoir qu'une vpie nous serait indiquee les
Ministres furent appeles plusieurs fois en audience.
Nous avons maintes fois interroge Siu Yong-yi, President au
Ministere de la Guerre, Li-Chan, President au Minjstere des Finances,
Hiu King-tcheng, Directeur de gauche au Ministere de I'lntSrieur,
Lien- Yuan, Vice-ChanceUer du Grand Secretariat, Yuan-Tchang, Direc-
teur a la Oour des Sacrifices.
Dans leur discours et dans leurs pensees, tous admirent que les
deux methodes etaient possible. Plusieurs Ministres fauteurs de
desordres, profitant aussitot de cette circoustance, les accuserent
injustement, remirent des mtooires dans lesquels ils les denonjaient.
C'est ainsi qu'ils furent piinis severement dans leur personne.
Mais songeant que Siu Yong-yi et autres ont fait preure d'un
giand zele pendant plusieurs annies et qu'ils se sent totijours occupes
de questions Internationales, qu'ils pouvaient 6tre fldeles et qu'ils se
sont montres laborieux, nous devons leur accorder une faveur.
Nous prdonnons que Siu Yong-yi, Li-Chan, Hiu King-tcheng,
Lien- Yuan et Yuan-Tchang soient reintegres dans leurs anciens grades.
Que le Ministere que I'aflaire eoncerne en soit informe.
Respect a ceci ! "
ANNEXE No. 8.
6DIT imperial du j^ aoiit igoi.
(Traduction.)
Edit regu par la Grade Chancellerie le 6e jour de la 7e lune de la
27e annSe de Kouang-Siu (le 19 aout 1901).
" Vu le rapport de oe jour par lequel Yi-K'ouang et Li-Hong-
tchang Nous font savoir que les Puissances Etrangeres ont decide la
suspension pendant cinq annees des examens civils et militaires dans
les localites qui ont 6t6 le theatre de troubles.
" Considerant qu'il est declare que cette suspension devra rester
applicable aux examens locaux de licence de Chou-t'ien et de T'ai-yuan ;
" Vu la liste comprenant les localites de :
" Province du Chan-Si : T'ai-yuan-fou, Hin-tcheou, T'ai-kou-hien,
Ta-t'ong-fou, Fen-tcheou-fou, Hiao-yi-hien, K'in-wo-hien, Ta-ning-hien,
Ho-tsin-hien, Yo-yang-hien, So-p'ing fou, Wen-chouei-hien, Clxeou-
yang-hien, P'ing-yang-fou, Teh'ang-tze-hien, Kao-p'ing-hien, Tse-toheou-
fou, Si-tcheou, P'ou-hien, Kiang-teheou, Kouei-houa-tch'eng, Souei-
yuan-tch'eng ;
C ?.03 ]
" Province dn Ho-nati : Nan-ya^g-ipu, ^ouang-tcheou ;
" Province du Tche-kiang, K'iu-tcheou-fou ;
" Province du Tch6-li : Plkin, Choun-t'ien-foii, Pao-i;ing-fou, Yong-
ts'ing-hien, T'ien-tsin-fou, Choun-te-fou, Wang-tou-hien, Houai-lou-
hien, Sin-ngan-Men, T'Qr(g-tcheou, Wou-yi-ljien, King-tcJieou, Souang-
p'ing-hien.
" Trois provinces de Mandchourie: Cheng-king ( = Moukden),
Kia-tze-tch'a,ng, Lien-chan, Yu-k'ing-kjie, Pei-JinT,tze, !^ou-lan-.tjCh'eng ;
" Province du Chen-si : Ning-kfang-tcheou ;
" Province du Hounan : Heng-tcheou-fou ;
" Nous ordonnons que dans toutes ces looalites, l^s e:^ame^ oivils
et militaires seront suspendus pendant une duree de cinq annees, et
Nous prescriyons a tous les Gouyerneurs generauy, |Gtouyemejirs et
Bxaminateurs des provinces visees, d'agir de oonfoj'fni)b6 et de faire
publier des proclamations."
Bespect a ceci I
ANNEXE No. 9.
6piT IMPfiRIAJ. iu f8 juii^ igof.
(Traduction.)
Edit re9u par telegraphe de Si-ngan-fou, le 3e jour de la 5e lune
(18 juin 1901).
Nous conferons a M. Na-t'ong, second Vice-President du Minist&re
des Finances, le bouton mandarinal du premier rang, et le designons
oomme Envoye special pour se r'endre au Japon et s'y acquitter respec-
tueiusemeiit de la mission dont Nous le cliafgeons.
Bespect a ceci !
ANNEXE Nq. 10.
Liste de eimetiferes situ^s aux environ fi^ Pekin e^ qi?i put ^t6
profanes.
Cimetiere auglais un
,, fran^ais cinq
,, russe uii
Total sept
ANNEXE No. 11.
fiDIT IMPERIAL du 2S, qfp^ ipor.
(Traduction.)
Nous ordonnons a tous les Marechaur tartares, Gouvemeurs gene-
raux et Gouvemeurs dea proyiiiQ^s, am^ qn'auj?: i^ota^ dea Do.uanes
d'interdire, d'abord! poiir une duree de deux ans, I'iinportation des
engins de guerre «^insi que di^ tfl^t^liel se^yant ^clusivem^ifit a leur
fabrication de pr.ov^4^W,e, e.trai),gere,— Avis^z ]6 Ktij^iiater.e que opla
cdnoOTne.
Begpect a ceci 1
[ 304 1
ANN'EXE No. 12.
D'epiche du Prince King et de Li Hong-tchang cl M. de Cologan,
Ministre dEspagne, Doyen du Corps Diplomatique {2g mai igoi).
(Traduction.)
Le 12e jour de la 4e lune de la 27e annee de Kouang-Siu (le 29 mai
1901).
B^ponse officielle.
Le 7e jour de la 4e lune de la presente annee (le 24 mai 1901), nous
avons regu de Votre Excellence la communication officielle ci-apres :
" J'ai I'honneur d'accuser reception a Votre Altesse et Votre Ex-
cellence de la lettre qu'Elles ont bien voulu m'adresser en reponse a ma
communication en date du 7 mai au sujet des indemnites. Dans la
lettre a laquelle Votre Altesse et Votre Excellence viennent de
repondre, nous leur faisons connaitre que le chiffre des defenses
effectu^es et des pertes subies par les Puissances s'elevait a la somme
approximative de quatre cent cinquante millions de taels calculee
jusqu'au ler juillet.
En reponse a cette communication, Votre Altesse et Votre Excel-
lence m'ont fait connaitre que le Gouvernement Chinois proposait de
s'acquitter de cette somme enrers les Puissances au moyen de verse-
ments mensuels de 1,250,000 taels pendant 30 annSes.
Les Representants des Puissances n'ont pas manque de transmettre
cette proposition a leurs Gouvernements. Mais ils doivent appeler
I'attention de Votre Altesse et celle de Votre Excellence sur le
fait, que le total des versements proposes par le Gouvernement CJhinois
ne represente que le capital de la somme indiquee, sans qu'il ait ete tenu
compte du calcul des int4rets.
Je prie en consequence Votre Altesse et Votre Excellence de
vouloir bien nous faire connaitre le plus tot possible les intentions du
Gouvernement Chinois a cet egard."
En traitant dans une precedente depeche la question des indem-
nites, nous avons expose a Votre Excellence I'etat de penurie du
Tr4sor Chinois. Dans sa demiere communication Votre Excellence veut
bien nous faire observer que les versements annuels de 16 millions de
taels que nous avons proposes ne representent que le capital, et vous
appelez maintenant notre attention sur la question des interets.
Estimant nous-memes, qu'outre le capital, il y avait lieu de tenir
compte d'interets annuels a quatre pour cent, nous avons deja, par
t61^gramme, soumis au Trone des propositions a ce sujet ; et, en reponse,
nous avons re9u un Edit Imperial portant que " le chiffre des
" indemnites a payer aux Puissances de quatre cent cinquante millions
" avec interets a quatre pour cent est approuve, et nous commandant
" de prendre les mesures necessaires pour donner suite a cette decision."
Nous n'avons done plus qu'a nous conformer aux ordres du Trone.
Toutefois ceci nous oblige a rappeler a Votre Excellence que les
ressouroes flnancieres de la Chine sont tellement limit^es qu'aucun
prelevement n'est possible en dehors des 15 millions de taels que nous
avons deja propose a Votre Excellence d'affecter sp4eialement au
[ 305 i
paieme&t des indemnites. Or puisqu'ils doivent faire face non seule»
ment au payement du capital, mais aussi au service des interets, noUs
n'avons d'autre altematiye a proposer que de prolonger le terme des
payements que nous avions fixe d'abord a 30 armees, de telle maniere
que las verooments effectues pendant la premifere periode de ce temie
aussi prolonge soient cousiderfe comme destines a eteindre le capital
pendant que ceux operes au cours de la seconde periode serviraient a
liquider le compte des interets : tout payement oesserait alors par suite
de I'extinction de la dette. La Douane Imperiale Maritime deja
chargee, comme nous le proposions, des versements du capital, serait
egalement chargee du versement des interets. Quant au chiffre des
interets annuels il serait entendu qu'il diminuerait proportionnelle-
ment d'annee en annee a mesure de I'extinction progressive du capital.
Nous avons I'honneur de prier Votre Excellence de vouloir bier
nous faire connaitre ce qu'elle pense du mode de procedure que nous
lui proposons ci dessus pour acquitter le capital et les interets, ou, si a
son avis il ne vaudrait pas mieux considerer vine partie des 15 millions
verses annuellement comme un a compte sur les interets a servir. Ces
details demandent un examen attentif et exigent une entente prealable
et complete.
La Ohine ayant ainsi montre tout son bon vouloir en acoedant aux
demandes des Puissances sur la question des indemnites, et prendant
toutes les dispositons necessaires pour en assurer le payement integral,
nous esperons avoir bientot la satisfaction d'apprendre que les Puis-
sances se trouvent a meme de fixer une date prochaine de I'evacuation.
Nous avons I'honneur de prier Votre Excellence de vouloir bien
porter cette communication a la connaissanoe des Representants des
Puissances.
[ ■ 306 ]
ANNEXE No. 13.— PLAN
Serie A
Serie B
S6ne C
S^rie D
Annies
Tls. 75,000,000
Tls. 60,000,000
Tls. 150,000,000
Tls. 50,000,000
Eteinte en 1940
Eteinte en 1940
Eteinte en 1940
Eteinte en 1940
par un amortissement
par un amortissement
par un amortissement
par un amortissement
annuel de
annuel de
annuel de
annuel de
1.106% en
1.783% en
2.256% en
2.401% en
39 ans commen(;ant
30 ans commengant
26 ans commengant
25 ans commen9ant
en 1902.
en 1911.
en 1915.
en 1916
Tls.
Tls.
Tls.
Tls.
1902
3
4
5
6
Int. et Am. ' 3,829,500
Int. 2,400,000
Int. 6,000,000
Int. 2,000,000
—
—
—
—
7
8
9
—
—
—
—
igio
—
—
—
—
I
2
—
Int. et Am. 3,469,800
—
—
3
4
S
—
—
—
—
—
—
Int. etAm. 9.384,000
—
6
—
—
—
Int. etAm. 3,200,500
7
—
—
' —
8
—
—
—
9
—
—
—
—
1920
—
—
—
—
I
—
—
—
—
2
—
—
—
—
3
—
—
—
—
4
—
—
—
—
5
—
—
—
—
6
—
—
—
—
7
—
—
8
—
—
—
9
—
—
—
—
1930
I
—
—
—
—
2
—
—
z
z
3
—
—
—
4
—
—
—
5
6
—
—
-_
7
—
—
8
—
—
—
—
9
—
—
1940
—
—
—
—
4.18433 de toutela
4-23773 on. y compris
4.75200 ou, y compris
4.26677 ou y compris
somme de Tls. 450,
le precedent taux 4.
le precedent taux, 5.
le precedent taux, 5.
000,000 a parlir de
42, 206 de toute la som-
17406 de toute la som-
44083 de toute la som-
1902.
me deTls. 450,000,000
mede Tls. 450,000,000
me deTls. 450,000,000
a partir de 1911.
a partir de 1915.
a partir de 1916.
:[ 307 ]
D'AMORTISSEMENT.
Sdrie E
TIs. 115,000,000
Eteinte en 1940
par un amortissement
Montant de sommes
Annuitfe de la dette
Montant total
annuel de
9.449% en
9 ans commen9ant
dues pour les
Series'A, B, C, D, E.
existante garantie
par les Douanes M. I.
et les-Lildns.
de la dette
etrangere.
en 1932.
Tls.
Tls.
Tls.
Tls.
Int. 4,6oo,oo(
3 18,829,500
23,600,000
42,429,500
—
23j3°o.ooo
42,129,500
—
23,300,000
42,129,500
—
24,100,000
42,929,500
—
23,900,000
42,729,500
—
23,700,000
42.529.50°
—
23,400,000
42,229,500
—
23,400,000
42,229,500
23,200,000
42,029,500
—
i9>899i3oo
22,800,000
42,699,300
—
—
22,600,000
42,499.30°
—
—
22,400,000
42,299,300
—
—
22,100,000
41.999.300
—
23,283,300
19,400,000
42,683,300
—
24,483,800
18,500,000
42,983,800
—
—
18,500,000
42,983,800
18,500,000
42,983,800
—
18,500,000
42,983,800
. —
18,500,000
42,983,800
—
18,500,000
42,983,800
18,500,000
42,983,800
18,500,000
42,983,800
—
18,500,000
42,983,800
—
18,500,000
42,983,800
___
—
18,500,000
42,983,800
18,500,000
42,983,800
— .
18,500,000
42,983,800
___
18,500,000
42,983,800
—
18,500,000
42,983,800
—
—
18,400,000
42,883,800
Int. et Am. 15,466,350
35'3So>iSo
7,500,000
42,850,150
—
6,300,000
41,650,150
—
5,900,000
41,250,150
—
5,900,000
41,250,150
—
5,900.000
41,250,150
—
5,900,000
41,250,150
. ^
—
5,900,000
41,250,150
—
5,900,000
41,250,150
—
—
5,900,000
41,250,150
6.4.1477 ou, y compris
Montant total
le precedent taux, 7.
k payer
85560 de toute la som-
TIs. 982,238,150
raedeTls. 450,000,000
k partir de 1932.
r 308 1
ANNEXE No. 14.
Description des limites du quartier des Legations a Pekin.
Ze pomt 1 est situe sur la muraille sud de la ville tartaro a cent
pieds a Test du cote est de la superstructure de la Tsien Blen. De ce
point la limite court, sur une longueur de deux cent seize pieds, suivant
une ligne presque directement nord, jusqu'au
point S, coin sud-est de la balustrade en pierres blanches qui entoure
I'espace ouvert, pave, devant I'entree principale de la Cite Imperiale.
De ce point, la limite court sur une longueur de trois cent dix
pieds, le long du cote est de cette balustrade, presque directement au
nord jusqu'au
point 3 situe sur le cote nord de la route qui fait suite a'la rue des
Legations, et qui est a I'intersection de la limite venant de 2 et d'une
ligne tiree en prolongement du cote nord de la rue des Legations.
De ce point la ligne court sur une longueur de six cent quarante
et un pieds et demi (mesures autour et dans les coins du mur), le long
du cote nord de la rue des Legations jusqu'au
point J(, a cent quarante six pieds a I'ouest du coin (sud-ouest) de
la Gaselee Road, mesures le long du nord de la rue des Legations.
Depuis ce point, la limite court, sur tme longueur de deux mille cent
cinquante deux pieds (mesures autour et dans les coins des constructions
aotuellement existantes, et, dans les espaces converts entre les construc-
tions), le long d'une ligne parallele a I'alignement general du cote gauche
de la Gaselee Road et a cent cinquante-sept pieds a I'ouest cote ouest,
de la porte qui meme de la Gaselee Road a la cour exterieure de la Cite
Imperiale, jusqu'au
point 5, sur la face sud du mur sud de la cour exterieure de la Cite
Imperiale, et a cent cinquante-sept pieds depuis le cote ouest de la porte
au bout de la Gaselee Road.
Depuis ce point, la ligne court sur une distance de mille deux cent
quatre-vingt-huit pieds presque directement dans I'est le long du mur
jusqu'au
point 6, coin sud-est de la cour exterieure de la Cite Imperiale.
De la, la ligne court presque directement au nord, le long du mur,
sur une distance de deux cents dix-huit pieds mesures en droite ligne
jusqu'au
point 7, coin nord-est de la cour exterieure.
De la, la ligne court presque droite dans Test, sur une distance de
six cent quatre-vingt-un pieds jusqu'au
point 8, coin sud-est de la muraille de la Cite Imperiale.
De ce point, la limite court presque directement du nord, sur une
distance de soixante-cinq pieds, le long du mur, jusqu'au
point 9, a soixante-cinq pieds du coin sud-est du mur de la Cite
Imperiale.
De la,^Ia limite court directement a Test sur une longueur de trois
mille dix pieds jusqu'au
point 10, sur le cote ouest de la Ketteler Strasse et a trois cents
pieds du coin d'intersection de la Ketteler Strasse et de la Viale Italia.
[ 309 ]
De ce point, la limite court presque directement au sud, le long de
la face ouest de la Ketteler Strasse jusqu'au
point 11, coin nord-ouest de la voute de la Hata Men, sur la muraille
sud de la ville tartare.
De la, la limite court le long du mur et comprend la rampe ouest
de la Hata Men jusqu'au
poini 12, sur le mur, a cent pieds a I'ouest de la superstructure de
la Hata Men.
A partir de 12, la limite suit la face sud de la muraille comme le
montre le plan, y compris les bastions et va rejoindre i.
Les points du plan dont les relevements sont pris sont les suivants :
A. — Point a cent sept pieds de la superstructure de la Tsien Men,
mesure a I'est le long du bord nord du faite du mur de la ville tartare.
B. — Point sur le sommet du bord nord du mur de la ville tartare,
juste au-dessus du milieu du ca,nal d'ecoulement des eaux.
C. — Coin nord-ouest de la superstructure de la Hata Men.
ANNEXE No. 15.
6dIT imperial du ler fevrier igoi.
(Traduction.)
Dans toutes les provinces, des bandits out appele des adherents et
fonde des societes anti-etrangeres. Divers edits Pont interdit formelle-
ment. Nous I'avons repete maintes fois et cependant, dans ces
dernieres annees, il y a encore eu, dans tous les 'districts du Chan-tong
dos sectes du nom de Ta-tao houei (Societe des Grands Couteaux) et
Y-Ho-kien (Boxeurs) qui se sont propagees partoiit pour tuer et voler
sciemment. EUes ont gague peu a peu le territoire du Tche-li et ont
penetre brusquement dans la capitale oil les etablissements etrangers
ont ete incendies et les Legations attaquees. Des crimes ont ete ainsi
convmis centre des pays voisins et des fautes ont ete faites contre
I'interet general. Pour ne pas avoir assure la protection, nous avons
enoouru des responsabilites considerables.
Vous, peuple, qui en temps ordinaire vous nourrissez et vivez des
produits de cette terre, qui tous avez ete combles des bienfaits de
I'Bmpire, vous avez ose cependant inciter ces bandits a desirer se battre
a enseigner des methodes pour jeter des sorts et a s'adonner a de fausses
pratiques. Vous avez resiste temeiairement a vos mandarins, vous les
avez massacres, vous avez assassine des etrangers, et puis vous avez ete
cause de ces calamites inouies qui par dessus tout ont plonge dans la
douleur votre Souverain et vos peres.
Nous ne pouvons penser a ce qui a ete fait, sans eprouver uu
ressentiment plus profond encore. Nous avons deja prescrit formelle-
ment aux Commandants en chef de toutes les regions de faire leurs
efforts les plus sinceres pour detruire ces societes. II importe de
supprimer le mal jusque dans sa racine, aussi les Princes et les Ministres,
qiii ont prete leur appui aux Boxeurs, subiront-ils les peines les plus
seyeres, conformes a leurs crimes^ et, afin d'inspirer la crainte, tous les
examens civils et militaires serorit supprinles pendant cinq ans dans
tontes les villes o& des etrangers ont ete massacrfe on oht subi des
traitements cruels.
Craignant que les populations ignorantes des campagnes n'aient
pas oonnaissance (de ces punitions), de riouvelles interdictions severes
seront faites specialement afin d'eviter que I'on n'execute des gens qui
n'auraient pas ete avises.
Vous, soldats et peuple, vous devez savoir qu'il est formellement
defendu par la loi de former des societes secretes ou d'en faire partie.
Nos ancetres n'ont jamais montre la moindre indulgence dans la repres-
.sion centre des societes de malfaiteurs.
. D'ailleurs, les Puissances Etrangeres sent toutes des pays amis, les
Chretiens sent des enfants de notre sang que la Cour regarde avec la
meme bienveillance, et Elle ne saurait admettre d' avoir pour eux des
sentiments differents. Tous les Chinois, Chretiens ou non, qui seraient
maltraites devront se plaindre aupres des autorites et attendre qu'un
jugement juste et equitable soit rendu. Comment pouvez-vous ne plus
tenir compte des lois penales ?
Ensuite, lorsque tout est perdu, oeux qui sont habiles se sauvent
au loin et les naifs sont mis a mort. La loi pardonne difficilement et
tout ceci est vraiment fort triste. A partir de la publication du present
edit, chacun devra s'amender et se repentir des enseignements qu'il
a re9us.
Si des malfaiteurs endurcis et incorrigibles venaient encore a
former clandestinement des societes auti-etrangeres, ils seraient punis
de mort ainsi que quiconque ferait partie de ces societes. On ne pourra
avoir pour eux la moindre indulgence.
Les Marechaux tartares, les Gouverneurs g^neraux, Gouverneurs
et Hautes Autorites provinciales qui ont le devoir de diriger les popu-
lations, devront donner des instructions tres precises a leurs subordon-
nes de publier des proclamations severes et de faire imprimer sur papier
jaune le present decret qui sera affiche partout. II importe que toutes
les families soient avisees, qu'on les exhorte toutes au bieu et que nul
n'ignore que la volonte de la Cour est que tous sachent bien que Ton
punit afin d'eviter d'infliger d'autres punitions.
Que cet edit soit porte dans tout I'Empire a la connaissance de tous.
Respect a ceci !
ANNEXE No. 16.
DOCKET IMPl^RIAL, du 24 decembre igoo
{Traduction^
II a ete stipule dans les traites passes entre la Chine et les
Puissances Etrangeres que les nationaiix de ces Puissances auront la
faculte de penetrer dans I'interieur.
La Cour, pour assurer et maintenir les relations avec les autres
pays, a deja rendu des decrets prescrivant que I'on fasSe les efforts les
plus sinceres dans les provinces pour assurer la Protection. Cependant
les autorites locales s'etant relachees peu a peu (dans I'exercice de
[ 311 ]
leurs fonctipns), des troubles ont ete causes par les malfaiteurs et des
attaques ont ete dirigees contre les etrangers. On a vu de aemblables
incidents se renouveler plusieurs fois.
Nous oomprenons que nos qualites ont ete trop faibles pour amener
le peuple ignorant a se reformer, ce qui nous a conduit a commettre des
fautes immenses. Pas un seul mandarin local n'a su, en temps ordinaire,
faire connaitre les affaires europeenes et aucun n'a compris I'importanoe
des relation etrangeres. Aussi la conflagration s'est-elle etendue partout
mena^ant I'Empire, et s'ils s'interrogent en eux-memes, ils ne se
sentirqnt pas tranquilles.
Dorenavant, chacun d'entre vous devra s'appliquer a repousser ses
ressentiments et a dcpouiller ses prejuges. Vous devez savoir que, de
tout temps, I'entretien de relations amicales avec les pays etrangers a
ete line regie fondamentale. Les gens qui arrivent en Chine venant de
loin, soit comme marchands pour j echanger leurs prodliits, soit comme
voyageurs pour augmenter leurs conn^issances scientifiques, on encore
comme missionnaires pour preoher la religion dans le but d'exhorter
les gens a faire le bien, ont franchi les montagnes et traverse les mers
au prix de grandes fatigues.
Puisque la China passe pour un pays civilise, elle doit pratiqiier les
devoirs d'un hote envers ses invites. D'ailleurs, les Ohinois qui, dans
■ces dernieres annees, se sent rendus a I'etranger sont au moins plusieurs
centaines de mille. Leurs personnes et leurs biens dependent de la
garantie que leur assurent les Puissances qui levir ont donne leur
protection. Comment pourrions-nous continuer de traiter diiferemment
leurs nationaux ?
Nous ordonnons de nouveau a toutes les Hautes Autorites civiles
et militaires responsables de toutes les provinces de prescrire a leurs
subordonnes de proteger, de la fagon la plus effieace, les agents et
nationaux des Puissaiices etrangeres qui viendraient dans leurs ciroon-
soriptions. Dans le eas ou des malfaiteurs avidacieux poiisseraient a
maltraiter et massacrer des etrangers, on devra sur le champ aller
retablir I'ordre, arreter les coupables et les chatier. Auoun retard ne
devra y etre apporte. Si, par suite d'indifference, ou plus, de tolerance
volontaire, de grandes calamites venaient a se prodiiire, ou si des
infractions aux traites venaient a se produife et n'etaient pas
immediatement reprimees et punies, les Gtouverneurs Generaux,
Gouverneurs et Ponctionaires provinciaux ou locaux responsables seront
revoques sans pouvoir ere appeles a de nouvelles fonctions, dansd'autres
provinces ou esperer d'etre reintegres, ni recevoir de nouveaux honneurs.
Le present decret devra etre imprinie et publie afin de prevenir les
mandarins et le peuple et mettre fin a toutes ces habitudes indignes.
Respect a ceci I
[ 312
ANNEXE No. 17.
THE FOLLOWING IS THE ENGLISH TRANSLATION.
[Official Translation]
REGULATIONS FOR THE IMPROVEMENTS OP THE COURSE
OP THE HUANGPU.
Section I. — A River Conservancy Board is hereby instituted at
Shanghai for the Huangpu River.
Section II. — ^The Board will act a double capacity ; firstly as an
agency for the restoration and improvement of the waterway, and
secondly as an agency for its control.
Section III. — The jurisdiction of the Board shall extend from a
line drawn from the lower limit of the Kiangnan Arsenal towards the
mouth of Arsenal Creek, to the red buoy in the Yangtze.
Section IV. — The Board shall consist of —
fo^-The Taotai ;
(h) — The Commissioner of Customs at Shanghai ;
(c) — Two members elected by the Consular Body ;
(d) — Two members of the General Chamber of Commerce of
Shanghai elected by the Committee of the said Chamber ;
(e) — Two members representing shipping interests, elected by
shipping Companies, commercial firms and the merchants, the total of
whose entrances and clearances at Shanghai, Woosung and other ports
on the Huangpu exceeds 50,000 tons per annum ;
(f) — A member of the Municipal Council of the International
Settlement ;
(g) — ^A member of the Municipal Council of the Prench Conces-
sion ; and
(h) — A representative of each country the total of whose entrances
and clearances at Shanghai, Woosung and any other port of the Huang-
pu exceeds 200,000 tons a year. Said representative shall be designated
by the Government of the country interested.
Section V. — ^The ex offlcio members shall hold office as long as they
fill the position by virtue of which they sit on the Board.
Section VI. — The representatives of the Municipal Councils and
of the Chamber of Commerce shall be elected for a period of one year.
They may be immediately re-elected.
The term of office of the members to be designated by the
Governments, provided for under paragraph h of section IV, shall also
be one year.
The term of the other members is for three years. They may be
immediately re-elected.
Section VII. — In case of a vacancy during a term, the successor
of the outgoing member shall be designated for one year or for three
jyears, according to the class to which he belongs.
[ 313 ]
Section VIII.— The Board shall elect its Chairman and Vice-
Chairman from among its members, for a term of one year. If there is
no majority at the election of Chairman, the Senior Consul shall be
requested to give a casting vote.
Section IX. — In case of the absence of the Chairman, the Vice-
Chairman shall take his place. If both of them are absent, the
members present shall choose among themselves a Chairman for the
occasion.
Section X. — In all meetings of the Board, if votes are equally
divided, the Chairman shall have a casting vote.
Section XI. — Four members form a quorum.
Section XII. — The Board shall appoint the officials and employees
deemed necessary for carrying out the works and enforcing its regula-
tions ; it shall fix their salaries, wages and gratuities, and shall pay
them out of the funds placed at its disposal ; it may make regulations,
take every measure necessary concerning its staff, which it can dismiss
at pleasuie.
Section XIII. — The Board decides on the necessary measures for
the regulation of the traffic, including the placing of moorings in the
river and the berthing of vessels, between the limits mentioned in
Section III, and on all water courses (such as Sooohow Creek and others)
passing through the French Concession or the International Settlement
at Shanghai and the foreign quarter at Woosung, as well as on all the
other creeks emptying into the river, for a distance of two English miles
above their mouths.
Section XIV. — The Board has power to expropriate the private
moorings and to establish a system of public moorings in the river.
Section XV. — The authorisation of the Board is necessary to
carry out any dredging; to build bunds; to construct jetties or to
place pontoons and hulks in the section of the river mentioned in Section
XIII, inchiding the Sooohow and other creeks. The Board may, at its
discretion, refuse such permission.
Section XVI. — The Board has full power to remove all obstacles
in the river or the above mentioned creeks, and to recover, if necessary,
the cost of so doing from those responsible.
Section XVII. — The Board has control, of all floating lighters,
buoys, beacons, land marks and light signals within the section of the
river and within the creeks mentioned in Section XIII, as well as over
such marks on the shore as may be necessary for the safe navigation of
the river, with the exception of light houses, which shall remain subject
to Article XXXII of the Treaty of 185S between Great Britain and
China.
Section XVIII. — The improvement and conservancy works of
the Huangpu shall be entirely under the technical control of the
Board, even should the carrying out of them necessitate works beyond
the limits of its jurisdiction. In this case the necessary orders will be
transmitted by and the work will be done with the consent of the
Chinese authorities.
Section XIX. — The Board shall receive and disburse all the funds
collected for the works and take, in conjunction with the competent
authorities, all proper and efficacious measures to ensure the collection
of the taxes and the enforcement of the regulations,
[ 314 ]
Section XX. — Tlie Board shall appoint the Harbour Master and
his staff. This department shall act, within the limits of the powers
assigned to the- Board, in the section of the river indicated in Section
XIII.
Section XXI. — The Board shall have power to organize a police
and watch service to secure the execution of its regulations and orders.
Section XXII. — The Board shall have the direction and control
of the Shanghai (lower Yangtze) pilot service. Licenses for pilots for
ships hound for Shanghai shill only be issued , by the Board and
at its discretion.
Section XXIII. — In case of infractions of its regulations, the
Board shall sue offenders in the following way : —
Fore^ners, before their respective Consuls, or competent judicial
authority ; Chinese, or foreigners whose governments are not represent-
ed in China, in the Mixed Court, in the presence of a foreign assessor.
Section XXIV. — All suits against the Board shall be brought
before the Court of Consuls at Shanghai. The Board shall be repre-
sented in suits by its Secretary.
Section XXV. — Members of the Board and persons employed by
it, shall not incur any personal responsibility for the votes and acts of
the Board for contracts made or expenses incurred by the said Board,
when the said votes, acts, contracts and expenses concern the carrying
out or the enforcement, under the authority or by order of tl'e Board,
or of one of its branches, of the regulations enacted by the said Body.
Section XXVI. — Besides the provisions mentioned in Section
XIII of this Annex, the Board has power to enact, within the limits of
its competency, all necessary ordinances and regulations and to fix fines
for the violation thereof.
Section XXVII. — The Ordinances and Regulations mentioned
in Section XXVI shall be submitted for the approval of the Consular
Body ; if two months after presenting the draft of the proposed ordin-
ances or regulations the Consular Body has made no objection or sug-
gested no modification, it shall be oonsiuered as approved and shall
come into force.
Section XXVIII. — The Board has power to acquire by purchase
the lands necessary for carrying out the works of improvement and
conservancy of the Iluangpu, and to dispose of them.
If, for this purpose, it shall be deemed necessary to expropriate
land, the rules laid down in Article VI (a) of " The Land Regulations
for the Foreign Settlements of Shanghai North of the Yang-king-pang "
shall be followed. The price shall be fixed by a committee consisting
of : —
1. — A person chosen by the authority to whose jurisdiction the
owner is subject ;
2. — One chosen by the Board ; and
3. — One chosen by the Senior Consul.
Section XXIX. — Riparian owners sljalbhaye theref^isal of all the
land made in front of their properties by the reclamation carried ottt
[ :^i-5 T
for the improvement of the waterways in question. The purchase price
of these lands shall be fixed by committee composed in the same
manner as provided for in Section XXVIII.
Section XXX. — The Revenue of the Board will be composed of :
(a) — An annual tax of one tenth of one per cent on the assessed
value of all lands and buildings in the French concessions and the
International Settlement.
(b) — A tax of equal amount on all property with water frontage on
the river Huangpu, between a line drawn from the lower limit of the
Kiangnan Arsenal toward the mouth of Arsenal Creek to the place
where the Huangpu falls into the Yangtze. The assessed value of this
property shall be fixed by the committee mentioned in Section XXVIII.
(c) — ^A tax of five candereens per ton on all vessels of non-Chinese
type and of a tonnage exceeding 150 tons entering or leaving the Port
of Shanghai, Woosiing or any other port on the Huangpu.
Ships of non-Chinese type of 150 tons and under shall pay a
quarter of the above-mentioned tax. These taxes shall only be leviable
on each vessel once every four months, irrespective of the number of
its entrances and clearances.
Foreign built ships navigating the Yangtze and only stopping at
Woosung to take their river papers shall be exempt from, the above
mentioned taxes, on condition that on their way up and down they
shall not carry on any commercial transactions at Woosung. "They
shall, however, be allowed to take in water and supplies at Woosung.
(d) — A tax of one tenth of one per cent on all merchandise
passing the Customs at Shanghai, Woosung or any other port on the
Huangpu.
(e) — An annual contribution from the Chinese Government equal
in amount to the contribution furnished by the different foreign
interests.
SECTioisr XXXI. — ^The collection of the taxes enumerated in
Section XXX shall be effected through the medium of the following
authorities : —
fTAx a.) — By the respective municipalities ;
("Tax i.) — ^To be collected from persons under the jurisdiction of
Governments represented in China, by their respective Consuls ; the
taxes to be collected from Chinese, or from persons whose Governments
are not represented in China, by the Taotai ;
(Taxes c and d.) — By the Imperial Maritime Customs.
Section XXXII. — Should the total annual revenues of the Board
not be sufficient for the payment of the interest and the amortisation
of the capital to be borrowed for carrying out the works, sfor keeping
up the complete works and for the service in general, the Board shall
have the power to increase in the same proportion the various taxes on
shipping, on land and building and on trade, to a figure sufficient to
supply its recognised needs. This increase shall be applicable in the
same proportion to the contribution of the Chinese Government
mentioned in paragraph (e) of Section XXX.
Section XXXIII. — The Board shall give notice to the High
Commfssioner of Southern Trade and the Consular Body of the
[ 31C ]
necessity for the increase mentioned in Section XXXII. It shall only
come into force after its approval by the Consular Body.
Section XXXIV. — The Board shall submit to the High Commis-
sioner of Southern Trade and to the Consular Body within six months
after the closing of each financial year, its annual accounts, accompanied
by a detailed report on the general management and the receipts and
expenditures during the preceding twelve months. This report shall
be published.
Section XXXV. — ^If the exact and published accounts of receipts
and expenditures show a balance of receipts over expenses the taxes
mentioned in Section XXX shall be proportionally reduced by the
Board and the Consular Body, acting conjointly. This reduction shall
be applicable in the same proportion to the contribution of the Chinese
Government mentioned in paragraph (e) of Section XXX.
Section XXXVI. — ^After the expiration of the first term of three
years the signatories shall examine by common accord such of the
provisions contained in the present Annex as may require revision.
A fresh revision may take place under the same conditions every three
years thereafter.
Section XXXVII. — ^Within the limits mentioned in Section XIII,
and subject to their approval by the Shanghai Contular Body, the
ordinances of the Board shall have the force of law for all foreigners.
Peking, 7th September, 1901.
ANNEXE No. i8.
fiDIT IMPERIAL du 24 juilkt igoi.
( Traduction)
Le 9e jour de la 6e lune, la Gra.ida ChanceTlerie a re9u I'Mit
ci-apres :
" La creation de fonctionnaires et la determination de leurs attri-
butions ont jusqu'ici ete reglees d'apres les necessites des temps. Or,
en ce moment ou un nouveau traite de paix est conclu, les relations
Internationales vont au premier rang des affaires importantes, et il est
plus que jamais necessaire de recourir a des hommes capables pour
s'occuper de tout ce qui a rapport a I'etablissement de I'amitie dans les
relations et de la oonfianoe dans le langage.
"L'office des Affaires etrangeres cree autrefois pour traiter les
questions Internationales, existe bien depuis des annees, mais etant
donne que les Princes et Ministres qui le composaient n'exergaient pour
la plupart ces fonctions qu'aocessoirement a d'autres, ils ne pouvaient
s'y consacrer exclusivement. H convient done naturellement de creer
des fonctions speoiales aflu que chacun ait son attribution propre.
" Nous ordonnons en consequence que I'Office des Affaires
etrangeres (Tseng li ko kouo che-wou yamen) soit change en Mini-
stere des Affaires Etrangeres (Wai Wou-pou) et prenne rang avant les
six Ministeres. Et Nous designons Yi-Kouang, Prince du premier rang
K'ing, oomme President du MinistSre (Jes Affaires Etrangeres,
[ 317 1
"M. Wang Wen-chao, Grand Secretaire d'Etat du Ti-jen Ko est
nomme President- adjoint au Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres ; M.
K'in Hong-ki, President du Ministere des Travaux Publics passe avec
le meme titre au Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres ou il est nomme
President-adjoint ; M. Sin Cheou-p'eng, Directeur de la Oour des
Haras et M. Lien Fang, Expectant Sous-directeur Metropolitain de
3me ou 4me rang, sont mommes premier et second Directeurs (ou Sous-
Secretaires).
" En ce qui regarde la fixation du personnel, les reglements qui
devront presider a son choix, les emoluments a attribuer aux Ministres,
Directeurs et autres Agents, Nous prescrivons aux Conseillers de
Gouvernement, de se concerter avec le Ministre du Personnel, et de
nous adresser promptement leurs conclusions par voie de rapport.
Respect a ceci !
ANNEXE No. 19.
MEMOBANDUM
sur le ceremonial a observer dans les < ndiences sokftnelles
1. — Les audiences solennelles donnees par Sa Majeste I'Empereur
de Chine au Corps Diplomatique ou aux Eepresentants des Puissances
separement auront lieu dans la salle du Palais appelee " K'ien-ts'ing
Kong."
2. — En allant a ces audiences solennelles ou en en revenant les
Representants des Puissances seront portes dans leur chaise jusqu'a
I'exterieur de la porte King-yun. A la porte King-yun ils devront
descendre de la chaise dans laquelle ils sont veuus et etre portes dans
une petite chaise (i chiao) jusqu'au pied des marches de la porte K'ien-
ts'ing.
En arrivant a la porte K'ien-ts'ing les Representants des Puissances
devront descendre de chaise et s'avancer a pied jusqu'en presence de Sa
Majeste dans la salle K'ien-ts'ing Kong.
En partant, les Representants des Puissances devront retourner a
leur residence de la meme maniere qu'ils seront venus.
3. — Quand un Representant d'une Puissance aura a presenter a Sa
Majeste I'Empereur ses lettres de creance ou uns communication du
Chef de I'Etat par lequel il est accredite, I'Empereur fera envoyer a la
residence du dit Representant pour la porter au Palais une chaise a
porteurs avec des garnitures et des glands jaunes, telles que celles qui
tont a I'lLjage des Princes de la famille Imperiale. Le dit Representant
sera reconduit chez lui de la meme maniere. Une escorte de troupes
sera de egalement envoyee a la residence du dit Representant pour
I'aocompagner a Taller et au retour.
4. — En presentant ses lettres de creance ou une communication du
Chef de I'Etat par lequel il est accredite, I'Agent Diplomatique, pen-
dant qu'il portera les ditts lettres ou communications, passera par les
ouvertures centrales des portes du Palais jusqu'a oe qu'ils soit parvenu
en presence de Sa Majeste. En revenant de ces audiences, il se
[ 318 ]
conforraera, en ce qui coneerne les portes par lesquelles il pourra avoir
a passer, aux usages d6]'a etablis a la Cour de Pekin pour les audiences
donnees aux Representants Etrangers.
5. — L'Empereur reoevra directement entre ses mains les lettres et
communications ci-dessus mentionnees que les Representants Etrangers
pourront avoir a lui remettre.
6. — Si Sa Majeste decidait d'inviter a un banquet les Represen-
tants des Puissances il est bien entendu que ce banquet devra lieu dans
une des salles du Palais Imperial et que Sa Majeste devra y assister en
personne.
7. — En un mot, le ceremonial adopte par la Chine a I'egard des
Representants Etrangers ne pourra etre, en aucun cas, different de celui
qui resulte d'une parfaite egalite entre les Pays concernes et la Chine,
sans aucune perte de prestige de part et d'autre.
t 310 ]
THE BRITISH COMMERCIAL
TREATY.
SIGNED AT SHANGHAI ON THE 5TH OF
SEPTEMBER, 1902.
His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great
Beitain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the
Seas, Emperor of India, and His Majesty the Emperor of China,
having resolved to enter into negotiations with a view to carrying
out the provision contained in Article XI. of the Final Protocol
signed at Peking on the 7th of September, 1901,- under which the
Chinese Government agreed to negotiate the amendments deemed
useful by the Foreign Governments to the Treaties of Commerce
and Navigation and other subjects concerning commercial relations
with the object of facilitating them, have for that purpose named
as their Plenipotentiaries, that is to say: —
His Majesty the King of Great Britain and Ireland, His
Majesty's Special Commissioner, Sir James Ltle Mackay,
Knight Commander of the Most Eminent Order of the
Indian Empire, a member of the Council of the Secretary
of State for India, ete.
And His Majesty the Emperor of China, the Imperial
Commissioners Lit Hai-huan, President of the, Board of
Public Works, etc., and Sheng Hsuan-huai, Junior
Guardian of the Heir Apparent, Senior Vice-President of
the Board of PubUe Works, etc.
Who having communicated to each other their respective
Full Powers, and "found them to be in good and due form
have agreed upon and concluded the following Articles : —
ARTICLE I.
Delay having oecurred in the past in the issue of Drawback
Certificates owing to the fact that those documents have to be dealt
with by the Superintendent of Customs at a distance from the Customs
Office, it is now agreed that Drawback Certificates shall hereafter in all
cases be issued by the Imperial Maritime Customs within three weeks
of the presentation to the Customs of the papers entitling the applicant
to receive such Drawback Certificates.
These Certificates shall be valid tender to the Customs Authorities
in payment of any duty upon goods imported or exported (transit dues
excepted), or shall, in the case of Drawbacks on foreign goods re-
exported abroad within three years from the date of importation, be
payable in cash without deduction by the Customs Bank at the place
where the import duty was paid.
But if, in connexion with any application for a Drawback
Certificate, the Customs Authorities discover an attempt to defraud
the revenue, the applicant shall be liable to a fine not exceeding five
times the amount of the duty whereof he attempted to defraud the
Customs, or to a confiscation of the goods.
[ 320 ]
ARTICLE II.
China agrees to take the necessary steps to provide for a uniform
national coinage which shall be legal tender in payment of all duties,
taxes and other obligations throughout the Empire by British as well
as Chinese subjects.
ARTICLE ni.
China agrees that the duties and likin combined levied on goods
carried by junks from Hongkong to the Treaty Forts in the Canton
Province and vice versa, shall together not be less than the duties
charged by the Imperial Maritime Customs on similar goods carried by
steamer.
ARTICLE IV.
Wliereas questions have arisen in the past concerning the right
of Chinese subjects to invest money in non-Chinese enterprises and
companies, and whereas it is a matter of common knowledge that large
sums of Chinese capital are so invested, China hereby agrees to
recognise the legality of all such investments past, present and future.
It being, moreover, of the utmost importance that all share-
holders in a Joint Stock Company should stand on a. footing of perfect
equality as far as mutual obligations are concerned, China further
agrees that Chinese subjectti who have or may become shareholders in
bxiy British Joint Stock Company shall be held to have accepted, by
the very act of becoming shareholders, the Charter of Incorporation
or Memorandum and Articles of Association of such Company and
regulations framed thereunder as interpreted by British Courts, and
that Chinese Courts shall enforce compliance therewith by such Chinese
shareholders, if a suit to that effect be entered, provided always that
their liability shall not be other or greater than that of British share-
holders in the same Company.
Similarly the British Government agree that British subjects
investing in Chinese Companies shall be under the same obligations as
the Chinese shareholders in such companies.
The foregoing shall not apply to cases which have already been
before the Courts and been dismissed.
ARTICLE V.
The Chinese Government undertake to remove within the next
two years the artificial obstructions to navigation in the Canton River.
The Chinese Government also agree to- improve the accommodation
for shipping in the harbour of Canton and to take the necessary steps
to maintain that im.provement, such work to be carried out by the
Imperial Maritime Customs and the cost thereof to be defrayed by a
tax on goods landed and shipped by British and Chinese alike, accord-
ing to a scale to be arranged between the merchants and Customs.
The Chinese Government are aware of the desirability of
improving the navigability by steamer of the waterway between Ichang
and Chungking, but are also fully aware that such improvement might
involve heavy expense and would aifect the interests of the population
of the provinces of Szechuen, Hunan, and Hiipeh. It is, therefore,
mutually agreed that until improvements can be carried out steamship
owners shall be allowed, subject to approval by the Imperial Maritime
Customs, to erect, at their own expense, appliances for hauling through
the rapids. Such appliances shall be at the disposal of all vessels, both
steamers and junks, subject to regulations to be drawn up by the
Imperial Maritime Customs. These appliances shall not obstruct the
waterway or interfere with the free passage of junks. Signal stations
and channel marks where and when necessary shall be erected by the
Imperial Maritime Customs. Should any practical scheme be presented
for improving the waterway and assisting navigation without injury to
the local population or cost to the Chinese Government, it shall be
considered by the latter in a friendly spirit.
I 321 ]
AETIOLE VI.
The Chinese Government agree to make arrangements to give
increased facilities at the open ports for bonding and for repacking
merchandise in bond, and, on official representation being made by the
British Authorities, to grant the privileges of a bonded warehouse to
any warehouse which it is established to the satisfaction of the Customs
Authorities affords the necessary security to the revenue.
Such warehouses will be subject to regulations, including a scale of
fees according to commodities, distance from Custom House and hours
of working, to be drawn up by the Customs' Authorities who will meet
the convenience of mercbants so far as is compatible with the protection
of the revenue.
ARTICLE Vn.
Inasmuch as the British Government afford protection to
Chinese trademarks against infringement, imitation, or colourable
imitation by British subjects, the Chinese Government undertake to
afford protection to British trademarks against infringement, imitation,
or colourable imitation by Chinese subjects.
The Chinese Government further undertake that the Superin-
tendents of Northern and Southern trade shall establish offices within
their respective jurisdictions under control of the Imperial Maritime
Customs where foreign trademarks may be registered oh payment of a
reasonable fee.
ARTICLE Vm.
The Chinese Government, recognising that the system of levy-
ing likin and other dues on goods at the place of production, in transit,
and at destination, impedes the free circulation of commodities and
injures the interests of trade, hereby undertake to discard completely
those means of raising revenue with the limitation mentioned in
Section 8.
The British Government, in return, consent to allow a surtax,
in excess of the Tariff rates for the time being in force to be imposed
on foreign goods imported by British subjects and a surtax in addition
to the export duty on Chinese produce destined for export abroad or
coastwise.
It is clearly understood that, after likin barriers and other
stations for taxing goods in transit have been removed, no attempt
shall be made to revive them in any form or under any pretext whatso-
ever ; that in no case shall the surtax on foreign imports exceed the
equivalent of one and a half times the import duty leviable in terms of
the Knal Protocol signed by China and the Powers on the 7th day of
September, 1901 ; that payment of the import duty and surtax shall
secure for foreign imports, whether in the hands of Chinese or non-
Chinese subjects, in original packages or otherwise, complete immunity
from all other taxation, examination or delay ; that the total amount
of taxation leviable on native produce for export abroad shall, under
no circumstances, exceed 7| per cent, ad valorem.
Keeping these fundamental principles steadily in view, the High
Contracting Parties have agreed upon the following methods of pro-
cedure.
Section I. — The Chinese Government undertake that all barriers
of whatsoever kind, collecting' likin or suchlike dues or duties, shall
be permanently abolished on all roads, railways, and waterways in the
Eighteen Provinces of China and the Three lEastern Provinces. This
provision does not apply to the Native Custom Houses at present in
existence on the seaboard or waterways, at Open Ports, on land routes,
and on land frontiers of China.
[ 322 ]
Skotion 2.— The British Government agree that foreign goods on
importation, in addition to the effective 5^ import duty as provided
for in the Protocol of 1901, shall pay a special surtax equivalent to one
and a half times' the said duty to compensate for the abolition of likin,
of transit dues in lieu of likin, and of all other taxation on foreign
goods, and in consideration of the other reforms provided for in this
Article ; but this provision shall not impair the right of China to tax
salt, native opium, and native produce as provided for in Sections
3, 5, 6 and 8.
The same amount of surtax shall be levied on goods imported into
the Eighteen Provinces of China and the Three Eastern Provinces
across the land frontiers as on goods entering China by sea.
Section 3. — ^AU Native Custom Houses now existing, whether at
the Open Ports, on the seaboard, on rivers, inland waterways, land
routes or land frontiers, as enumerated in the Hu Pu and Kung Pu
Tse Li (Regulations of the Boards of Revenue and Works) and Ta Ch'ing
Hui Tien (Dynastic Institutes), may remain ; a list of the same, with
their location, shall be furnished to the British Government for pur-
poses of record.
Wherever there are Imperial Maritime Custom Houses, or wherever
such may be hereafter placed. Native Custom Houses may be also
established; as well as at any points either on the seaboard or land
frontiers.
The location of Native Oustonl Houses in the Interior, may be
changed as the droumstances of trade seem to require, but any change
must be communicated to the British Government, so that the list may
be corrected ; the originally stated number of them shall not, however,
be exceeded.
Goods carried by junks or sailing-vessels trading to or from Open
Ports shall not pay lower duties than the combined duties and surtax
on similar cargo carried by steamers.
Native produce, when transported from one place to another in the
Interior, shall, on arrival at the first Native Custom House after leaving
the place of production, pay duty equivalent to the export surtax
mentioned in Section 7.
When this duty has been paid, a certificate shall be given which
shall describe the nature of the goods, weight, number of packages,
etc., amount of duty paid, and intended destination. This certificate,
which shall be valid for a fixed period of not less than one year from
date of payment of duty, shall free the goods from all taxation,
examination, delay, or stoppage at any other Native Custom Houses
passed en route.
If the goods are taken to a place not in the foreign settlements or
concessions of an Open Port, for local use, they become there liable to
the Consumption Tax described in Section 8.
If the goods are shipped from an Open Port, the certificate is to be
accepted by the Custom House concerned, in lieu of the Export Surtax
mentioned in Section 7.
Junks, boats, or carts shall not be subjected to any taxation beyond
a small and reasonable charge, paid periodically at a fixed annual
rate. This does not exclude the right to levy, as at present, tonnage
(Chuan Ohao) and port dues (Ohuan Liao) on junks.
Section 4. — ^Foreign opium duty and present likin — ^which latter
will now become a surtax in lieu of likin — shall remain as provided for
by existing treaties.
Section 5.— The British Government have no intention whatever of
interfering with China's right to tax native opium, but it is essential to
declare that, in her arrangements for levying such taxation, China will
not subjeet other goods to taxation, delay, or stoppage.
China is free to retain at important points on the borders of each
province— either on land or water — offices for collecting duty on native
[ 323 ]
opium, where duties or contributions leviable shall be paid in one lump
sum ; which payment shall cover taxation of all kinds within that
province. Each cake of opium will have a stamp affixed as evidence of
duty payment. Excise officers and police may be employed in connection
with these offices ; but no barriers or other obstructions are to be
erected, and the excise officers or police of these offices shall not stop
or molest any other kinds of goods, or collect taxes thereon.
'A list of these offices shall be drawn up and communicated to the
British Government for record.
Section 6. — LiHn on salt is hereby abolished and the amount of
said likin and of other taxes and contributions shall be added to the salt
duty, which shall be collected at place of production or at first station
after entering iae province where it is to be consumed.
The Chinese Governmefit shall be at liberty to establish salt report-
ing offices at which boats conveying salt which is being moved uiider
salt passes or certificates may be required to stop for purposes of
examination and to have their certificates vise'd, but at such offices
no likin or transit taxation shall be levied and no barriers or obstruc-
tions of any kind shall be erected.
Section 7. — ^The Chinese Government may recast the Export Tariff
with specific duties as far as practicable, on a scale not exceeding five
per cent, ad valorem; but existing export duties shall not be raised
until at least six months' notice has been given.
In cases where existing export duties are above five per cent, they
shall be reduced to not more than that rate.
An additional special surtax of one half the export duty payable
for the time being, in lieu of internal taxation and likin, may be levied
at time of export on goods exported either to foreign countries or
coastwise.
In the case of silk, whether hand or filature reeled, the total export
duty shall not exceed a specific rate equivalent to not more than five
per cent, ad valorem. Half of 'this specific duty may be levied at the
first Native Custom House in the interior which the silk may pass and
in such ease a certificate shall be given as provided for in section 3, and
will be accepted by the Custom House concerned at place of export in
lieu of half the export duty. Cocoons passing Native Custom Houses
shall be liable to no taxation whatever. Silk not exported but consumed
in China is liable to the consumption tax mentioned and under
conditions mentioned in section 8.
Section 8. — The abolition of the likin system in China and the
abandonment of all other kinds of internal taxation on foreign imports
ar:d on exports will diminish the revenue materially. The surtax on
foreign imports and exports and on coastwise exports is intended to
compensate in a measure for this loss of revenue, but there remains
the loss of likin revenue on internal trade to be met, and it is therefore
agreed that the Chinese Government are at liberty to impose a Con-
sumption Tax on articles of Chinese origin not intended for export.
This tax shall be levied only at places of consumption and not on
goods while in transit, and the Chinese Government solenjnly undertake
that the arrangements which they may make for its collection shall
in no way interfere with foreign goods or with native goods for export.
The fact of goods being of foreign origin shall of itself free them from
all taxation, delay, or stoppage, after having passed the Custom House.
Foreign, goods which bear a similarity to native goods shall be
furnished by the Custom House, if required by the owner, with a
protective certificate for each package, on payment of import duty and
surtax, to prevent the risk of any dispute in the Interior.
Native goods brought by junks to Open Ports, if intended for local
consumption — ^irrespective of the nationality of the owner of the goods
shall be reported at the Native Custom House only, where the con-
sumption tax may be levied, ^
[ 324 1
China is at liberty to fix the amount of this (consumption) tax,
which may vary according to the nature of the merchandise concerned,
that is to say, according as the articles are noeessaries of life or luxuries ;
but it shall be levied at a uniform rate on goods of the same description,
no matter whether carried by junk, sailing-vessel, or steamer. As
mentioned in Section 3, the Consumption Tax is not to be levied within
foreign settlements or concessions.
Section 9. — ^An excise equivalent to double the import duty as
laid down in the Protocol of 1901 is to be charged on all machine-made
yarn and cloth manufactured in China, whether by foreigners at the
Open Ports or by Chinese anywhere in China.
A rebate of the import duty and two-thirds of the Import Surtax
is to be given on raw cotton imported from foreign countries, and of
all duties, including Consumption Tax, paid on Chinese raw cotton used
in mills in China.
Chinese machine-made yam or cloth having paid excise is to be
free of Export Duty, Export Surtax, Coast Trad^ Duty, and Consump-
tion Tax. This Excise is to be collected through the Imperial Maritime
Customs.
The same principle and procedure are to be applied to all other
products of foreign type turned out by machinery, whether by foreigners
at the Open Ports or by Chinese anywhere in CSiina.
This stipulation is not to apply to the outturn of the Hanyang and
Ta Yeh Iron Works in Hupeh and other similar existing Government
works at present exempt from taxation ; or to that of Arsenals,
Government Dockyards, or establishments of that nature for Govern-
ment purposes which may hereafter be erected.
Section 10. — A member or members of the Imperial Maritime
Customs Foreign Sta£E shall be selected by each of the Governors-
General and Governors, and appointed, in consultation with the
Inspector-General of Imperial Maritime Customs to each province for
duty in connection with Native Customs affairs. Consumption Tax, Salt
and Native Opium Taxes. These oScers shall exercise an efficient
supervision of the working. of these departments and in the event of
their reporting any case of abuse, illegal exaction, obstruction to the
movement of goods, or other cause of complaint, the Governor-General
or Governor concerned will take immediate steps to put an end to
same.
Section 11. — Cases where illegal action as described in this article
is complained of shall be promptly investigated by an officer of the
Chinese Government of sufficiently high rank, in conjunction with a
British officer and an officer of the Imperial Maritime Customs, each of
sufficient standing ; and in the event of its being found by a majority of
the investigating officers that the complaint is well founded and loss has
been incurred, due compensation is to be at once paid from tjie Surtax
funds, through the Imperial Maritime Customs at the nearest open port.
The High Provincial Officials are to be held responsible that the officer
guilty of the illegal action shall be severely punished and removed from
his post.
If the complaint turns out to be without foundation, comj>laina,nt
shall be held responsible for the expenses oif the investigation.
His Britannic Majesty's Minister will have the right to demand
investigation where from the evidence before him he is satisfied that
illegal exactions or obstructions have occurred.
Section 12. — The Chinese Government agree to open to foreign
trade, on the same footing as the places opened to foreign trade by the
Treaties of Nanking and Tientsin, the following places, namely :
Ch'angsha in Hunan ;
Wanhsien in Szechuen ;
Ngauking in Ahhui ;
Waichow (Hui-chow) in Kuangtung ; and
^ Kongmoon (Ohiang-mgn) in Kuangtungi
[ 325 ]
Foreigners residing in these Open Ports are to observe the
Municipal and Police Regulations on the same footing as Chinese
residents, and they are not to be entitled to establish Municipalities
and Police of their own within the limits of these Treaty Ports except
with the consent of the Chinese authorities.
If this Article does not come into operation the right to demand
under it the opening of these ports, with the exception of Kongmoon,
which is provided for in Article 10, shall lapse.
Section 13. — Subject to the provisions of Section 14, the
arrangements provided for in this Article are to come into force on 1st
January, 1904.
By that date all likin barriers shall he removed and officials
employed in the collection of taxes and dues prohibited by this Article
shall be removed from their posts.
Section 14. — The condition on which the Chinese Government enter
into the present engagement is that all Powers entitled to most favoured
nation treatment in China enter into the same engagements as Great
Britain with regard to the payment of surtaxes and other obligations
imposed by this Article on His Britannic Majesty's Government and
subjects.
The conditions on which His Britannic Majesty's Government enter
into the present engagement are : —
(1) That all Powers who are now or who may hereafter become
entitled to most favoured nation treatment in China enter into
the same engagemeijts ;
(2) And that their assent is neither directly nor indirectly made
dependent on the granting by China of any political
concession, or of any exclusive commercial concession.
Section 15. — Should the Powers entitled to most favoured nation
treatment by China have failed to agree to enter into the engagements
undertaken by Great Britain under this Article by the 1st January,
1904, then the provisions of the Article shall only come into force when
all the Powers have signified their acceptance of these engagements.
Section 16. — When the abolition of likin and other forms of internal
taxation on goods as provided for in this Article has been decided upon
and sanctioned, an Imperial Edict shall be published in due form on
yellow paper and circulated, setting forth the abolition of all likin
taxation, likin barriers and all 4escriptiQns of internal taxation on
goods, except as provided for in this Article.
The Edict shall state that the Provincial High Officials are
responsible that any official disregarding the letter or spirit of its
injunction shall be severely punished 4nd reinoved.from his post.
ARTICLE IX.
The Chinese Government, recognising that it is advantagequs for
the country to develop its mineral resources, and that it is desirable to
attract foreign as well as Chinese capital to embark in mining enter-
prises, agree within one year from the signing of this Treaty to initiate
and conchide the revision of the existing Mining Regulations. China
will, with all expedition and earnestness, go into the whole question of
Mining Rules and, selecting from the rules of Great Britain, India; and
other countries, regulations which seem applicable to the condition of
China, she will recast her present Mining Rules in such a way as, while
promoting the interests of Chinese subjects and not injuring in any
way the sovereign rights of China, shall offer no impediment to the
attraction of foreign capital or place foreign capitalists at a greater
disadvantage than they would be under generally accepted foreign
regulations.
Any mining concession granted after the publication of these new
Rules shall be subject to their provisions,
[ 326 ]
ARTICLE X.
Whereas in the year 1898 the Inland Waters of China were opened
to all such steam vessels, native or foreign, as might he especially
registered for that trade at the Treaty Ports, and whereas the
Regulations dated 28th July, 1898, and Supplementary Rules dated
September, 1898, have been found in some respects inconvenient in
working, it is now mutually agreed to amend them and to annex such
new Rules to this Treaty, fltese Rules shall remain in force until
altered by mutual consent.
It is further agreed that Kongmoon shall be opened as a Treaty
Port, and that, in addition to the places named in the special Article
of the Burmah Convention of 4th February, 1897, British steamers
shall be allowed to land or ship cargo and "passengers, under the same
regulations as apply to the " Ports of Call " on the Yangtze River, at
the following " Ports of Call " : Pak Tau Hau (Pai-t'u k'ou), Lo Ting
Hau (Lo-ting k'ou), and Do Sing (Tou-ch'eng) ; and to land or discharge
passengers at the following ten passenger landing stages on the West
River : — Yung Ki (Jung-chi), Mah Ning (Ma-ning), Kau Kong (Chiu-
chiang), Kulow (Ku-lao), Wing On (Yung-an), How Lik (Hou-li), Luk
Pu (Lu-pu), Yuet Sing (Yueh-ch'eng), Luk To (Lu-tu) and Fung Ohuen
(Feng-ch'uan).
ARTICLE XI.
His Britannic Majesty's Government agree to the prohibition of
the general importation of morphia into China, on condition, however,
that the Chinese Government will allow of its importation, on payment
of the Tariff import duty and under special permit, by duly qualified
British medical practitioners and for the use of hospitals, or by British
chemists and druggists who shall only be permitted to sell it in small
quantities and on receipt of a requisition signed by a duly qualified
foreign medical practitioner.
The special permits above referred to will be granted to an
intending importer on his signing a bond before a British Consul
guaranteeing the fulfilment of these conditions. Should an importer
be found guilty before a British Consul of a breach of his bond, he will
not be entitled to take out another permit. Any British subject
importing morphia without a permit shall be liable to have such morphia
confiscated. "
This Article will come into operation on all other Treaty Powers
agreeing to its conditions, but any morphia actually shipped before that
date will not be affected by this prohibition.
The Chinese Government on their side undertake to adopt measures
at once, to prevent the manufacture of morphia in China.
ARTICLE XII.
China having expressed a strong desire to reform her judicial
system and to bring it into accord with that of Western nations. Great
Britain agrees to give every assistance to such reform, and she will also
be prepared to relinquish her extra-territorial rights when she is satis-
fied that the state of the Chinese laws, the arrangement for their
administration, and other considerations warrant her in so doing.
ARTICLE Xin.
The missionary question in China being, in the opinion of the
Chinese Government, one requiring careful consideration, so that, if
possible, troubles such have occurred in the past may be averted in the
future. Great Britain agrees to join in a Commission to investigate this
question, and, if possible, to devise means for securing permanent peace
between converts and non-converts, should such a Commission be
formed by China and the Treaty Powers interested.
[ 327 ]
ARTICLE XIV.
Whereas under Rule V. appended to the Treaty of Tientsin of 1858,
British merchants are permitted to export rice and all other grain from
one port of China to another under the same conditions in respect of
security as copper " cash," it is now agreed that in cases of expected
scarcity or famine from whatsoever cause in any district, the Chinese
Government shall, on giving twenty-one days' notice, be at liberty to
prohibit the shipment of rice and other grain from sxich district.
Should any vessel specially chartered to load rice or grain previously
contracted for, have arrived at her loading port prior to or on the day
when a notice of .prohibition to export comes into force she shall be
allowed an extra week in which to ship her cargo.
If, during the existence of this prohibition, any shipment of rice
or grain is allowed by the authorities, the prohibition shall, ipso facto,
be considered cancelled and shall not be re-imposed until six weeks'
notice has been given.
When a prohibition is notified, it will be stated whether the
Government have any Tribute or Army Rice which they intend to ship
during the time of prohibition, and if so, the quantity shall be named.
Such rice shall not be included in the prohibition, and the Customs
shall keep a record of any Tribute or Army Rice so shipped or landed.
The Chinese Government undertake that no rice, other than
Tribute or Army Rice belonging to the Government, shall be shipped
during the period of prohibition.
Notifications of prohibitions, and of the quantities of Army or
Tribute Rice for shipment shall be made by the Governors of the
Provinces concerned.
Similarly, notifications of the removals of prohibitions shall be
made by the same authorities.
The export of rice and other grain to foreign countries remains
prohibited.
ARTICLE XV.
It is agreed that either of the High Oojitracting Parties to this
Treaty may demand a revision of the Tariff at the end of 10 years ; but
if no demand be made on either side within 6 months after the end of
the first 10 years, then the Tariff shall remain in force for 10 years more,
reckoned from the end of the preceding 10 years ; and so it shall be at
the end of each successive 10 years.
Any Tariff concession which China may hereafter accord to articles
of the produce or manufacture of any other State shall immediately be
extended to similar articles of the produce or manufacture of His
Britannic Majesty's Dominions by whomsoever imported.
' Treaties already existing between the United Kingdom and China
shall continue in force in so far as they are not abrogated or modified
by stipulations of the present Treaty.
ARTICLE XVI.
The English and Chinese Texts of the present Treaty have been
carefully compared, but in the event of there being any difference of
meaning between them, the sense as expressed in the English text shall
be held to be the correct sense.
The ratifications of this Treaty, under the hand of His
Majesty the King of Great Britain and Ireland, and of His
Majesty the Emperor of China respectively, shall be exchanged
at Peking within a year from this day of signature.
In token whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have
signed and sealed this Treaty, two copies in English and two
in Chinese.
[ 328 ]
Done at Shanghai this fifth day of September in the year
of Our Lord, 1902 ; corresponding with the Chinese date, the
fourth day of the eighth moon of the twenty-eighth year of
Kwang Hsii,
[L.S.] JAS. L. MACKAY,
ANNEX A— (1.)
(Translation).
Lij, President of the Board of Works ;
ShJng, Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent, Vice-President of
the Board of Works ;
Imperial Chinese Commissioners for dealing with questions
connected with the Commercial Treaties, to
SiK James Maokay, His Britannic Majesty's Special Commissioner
for the discussion of Treaty matters.
Shanghai : K. H. XXVIH., 7th moon, 11th day.
(Received August IS, 190S.)
We haTe the honour to inform you that we have received the
following telegram from His Excellency Liu, Governor General of the
iiiang Chiang, on the subject of Clause II. mutually agreed upon by us :
" As regards this clause, it is necessary to insert therein a clear
" stipulation, to the effect that, no matter what changes may take
" place in the future, all Customs' duties must continue to be calculated
" on the basis of the existing "higher rate of the Haikwan Tael over the
" Treasury Tael, and that ' the touch ' and weight of the former must
" be made good."
As we have already arranged with you that a declaration qf this
kind should be embodied in an official Note, and form an Annex to the
present Treaty, for piirposes of record, we hereby do ourselves the
honour to make this communication.
Annex A — (2.)
Shanghai,
August 18th, 1902.
Gbntleheij,
I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your despatch of
the 4th instant forwarding copy of a telegram from His Excellency Liu,
Governor-General of the Liang Chiang, on the subject of Article II. of
the new Treaty, and in reply I have the honour to state that His
Excellency's understanding of the Article is perfectly correct.
I presume the Chinese Government will make arrangements for
the coinage of a national silver coin of such weight and touch as may be
decided upon by them. These coins will be made available to the public
in return for a quantity of silver bullion of equivalent weight and
fineness plus the usual mintage charge.
The coins which will become the national coinage of China will be
declared by the Chinese Government to be legal tender in payment of
Customs duty and in discharge of obligations contracted in Haikwan
taels, but only at their proportionate value to the Haikwan tael, -what-
ever that may be.
I have the honour to be.
Gentlemen,
Your obedient Servant,
(Signed) , JAS. L. MACKAY,
Their Excellencies
Lit Hai-huan and 8h,bng HspAN-HUAi,
pto., etc., etc.
[ 3-29 ]
Annex B — (1).
(Translation).
Lit, President of the Board of Works ;
S:^Na, Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent, Vice-President pf
the Board of Works ;
Imperial Chinese Commissioners for dealing with (questions
connected with the Commercial Treaties, to
Sib James L. Mackat, His Britannic Majesty's Special Commis-
Shanghai, September 2nd, 1902.
We hare the honour to inform you that on the 22nd of August, we,
in conjunction with the Governors-General of the Liang Chiang and the
Hu-kuang Provinces, Their Excellencies Liu and Chang, addressed the
following telegraphic Memorial to the Throne : —
" Of the revenue of the different Provinces derived from likin of all
" kinds, a portion is appropriated for the service of the foreign loans,
" a portion for the Peking Governinent, and the balance is reserved for
" the local expenditure of the Provinces concerned.
" In the negotiations now being conducted with Great Britain for
" the amendment of the Commercial Treaties, a mutual arrangement
" has been come to providing for the imposition qf additional taxes,
" in compensation for the abolition of all kinds of likin and other
" imposts on goods, prohibited by Article VIII. After payment of
" interest and sinking fund on the existing foreign loan, to the extent to
" which likin is thereto pledged, these additional taxes shall be allocated
'' to the various Provinces to make up deficiencies and replace revenue,
" in order that no hardships may be entailed on thein. With a view to
" preserving the original intention underlying the proposal to increase
" the duties in compensation for the loss of revenue derived from likin
" and other imposts on goods, it is further stipulated that the surtaxes
" shall not be appropriated for other purposes, shall not form part of
"the Imperial Maritime Customs revenue proper, and shall in no case
" be pledged as security for any new foreign loan."
" It is therefore necessary to memorialize for the issue of an Edict,
" giving effect to the above stipulations and directing the Board of
" Revenue to find out what proportion of the provincial revenues derived
" from likin of all kinds, now about to be abolished, each Province has
" hitherto had to remit, and what proportion it has been entitled to
" retain, so that, when the Article comes into operation, diie
" apportionment may be made accordingly, thus providing the Provinces
" with funds available for local expenditure, and displaying equitable
" and just treatment towards all."
On the 1st instant an Imperial Decree " Let action, as requested,
" be taken " was issued, and we now do ourselves the honour reverently
to transcribe the same for your information.
Annex B— (2).
Shanghai,
September 5th, 1902.
Gentlemen,
I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your despatch of
the 2nd instant forwarding the text of the Memorial and Decree dealing
with the disposal of the surtaxes.
I understand that the surtaxes in addition to not being pledged for
any new foreign loan are not to be pledged to, or held to be security
for, liabilities already contracted by China except in so far as likin
revenue ha^ ai]read^ ^Jeen pledged, to an existing lojig,
[ 330 ]
I also understand from the Memorial that the whole of the surtaxes
provided hy Article VIII. of the New Treaty goes to the Provinces in
proportions to be agreed upon between them and the Board of Revenue,
but that out of these surtaxes each Province is obliged to remit to
Peking the same contribution as that which it has hitherto remitted
out of its likin collections, and that the Provinces also provide as
hitherto out of these surtax funds whatever may be necessary for the
service of the foreign loan to which likin is partly pledged.
I hope Your Excellencies will send me a reply to this despatch and
that you will agree to this correspondence forming part of the Treaty
as an Annex.
I have the honour to be.
Gentlemen,
Tour obedient servant,
(Signed) JAS. L. MACKAY.
Their Excellencies
Lij Hai-hxtan and Sheng Hstj-httai,
etc., etc., etc.
Annex B— (3).
(Translation).
Ltj, President of the Board of Works ;
S^ENG, Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent, Vice-President of
the Board of Works ;
Imperial Chinese Commissioners for dealing with questions
connected with the Commercial Treaties, to
SiE James L. Mackay, His Britannic Majesty's Special Commis-
Shanghai,
September 5th, 1902.
We have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your communica-
tion of to-day's date with regard to the allocation of the surtax funds
alloted to the Provinces, and to inform you that the views therein
expressed are the same as our own.
We would, however, wish to point out th • ':., were the whole amount
of the allocation due paid over to the Provinces, unnecessary expense
would be incurred in the retransmission by them of such portions thereof
as would have to be remitted to Peking in place of the contributions
hitherto payable out of likin revenue. The amount, therefore, of the
allocation due to the Provinces, arranged between them and the Board
of Revenue, will be retained in the hands of the Maritime Customs,
who will await the instructions of the Provinces in regard to the
remittance of such portion thereof as may be necessary to fulfil their
obligations, and (on receipt of these instructions) will send forward the
amount direct. The balance will be held to the order of the Provinces.
In so far as likin is pledged to the service of the 1898 loan, a similar
method of procedure will be adopted.
As you request that this correspondence be annexed to the Treaty,
we have the honour to state that we see no objection to this being done.
Annex C.
INLAND WATERS STEAM NAVIGATION.
Additional Rttles.
1. — British steamshipowners are at liberty to lease warehouses and
jetties on the banks of waterways from Chinese subjects for a term not
[ 331 1
exceeding 26 years, with option of renewal on terms to be mutually
arranged. In cases where British merchants are unable to secure
warehouses and jetties from Chinese subjects on satisfactory terms, the
local officials, after consultation with the Minister of Commerce, shall
arrange to provide these on renewable lease as above mentioned at
current equitable rates.
2. — Jetties shall only be erected in such positions that they will
not obstruct the inland waterway or interfere with navigation, and with
the sanction of the nearest Commissioner of Customs ; such sanction,
however, shall not be arbitrarily withheld.
3. — ^British merchants shall pay taxes and contributions on these
warehouses and jetties on the same footing as Chinese proprietors of
similar properties in the neighbourhood. British merchants may only
employ Chinese agents and staff to reside in warehouses so leased at
places touched at by steamers engaged in inland traffic to carry, on their
business ; but British merchants may visit these places from time to
time to look after their affairs. The existing rights of Chinese jurisdic-
tion over Chinese subjects shall not by reason of this clause be
diminished or interfered with in any way.
4. — Steam vessels navigating the inland waterways of China shall
be responsible for loss caused to riparian proprietors by damage which
they may do to the banks or works on them and for the loss which may
be caused by such damage. In the event of China desiring to prohibit
the use of some particular shallow waterway by launches, because
there is reason to fear that the use of it by them would be likely to
injure the banks and cause damage to the adjoining country, the
British authorities, when appealed to, shall, if satisfied of the validity
of the objection, prohibit the use of that waterway by British launches,
provided that Chinese launches are also prohibited from using it.
Both Foreign and Chinese launches are prohibited from crossing
dams and weirs at present in existence on inland waterways where they
are likely to cause injury to such works, which would be detrimental
to the water service of the local people.
6. — ^The main object of the British Government in desiring to see
the inland waterways of China opened to steam navigation being to
afford facilities for the rapid transport of both foreign and native
merchandise, they undertake to offer no impediment to the transfer
to a Chinese company and the Chinese flag of any British Steamer which
may now or hereafter be employed on the inland waters of China, should
the owner be willing to make the transfer.
In event of a Chinese company registered under Chinese law being
formed to run steamers on the inland waters of China the fact of
British subjects holding shares in such a company shall not entitle the
steamers to fly the British flag.
6. — ^Registered steamers and their tows are forbidden, just as junks
have always been forbidden, to carry contraband goods. Infraction of
this rule will entail the penalties prescribed in the treaties for such an
offence, and cancellation of the Inland Waters Navigations Certificate
carried by the vessels, which will be prohibited from thereafter plying
on inland waters.
7. — ^As it is desirable that the people living inland should be
disturbed as little as possible by the advent of steam vessels to which
they are not accustomed, inland waters not hitherto frequented by
steamers shall be opened as gradually as may be convenient to merchants
and only as the owners of steamers may see prospect of remunerative
trade.
In cases where it is intended to run steam vessels on waterways
on which such vessels have not hitherto run, intimation shall be made
to the Commissioner of Customs at the nearest open port who shall
report the matter to the Ministers of Commerce. The latter in conjunc-
tion with the Governor-General or Governor of the Province, after
[ 332 ]
careful consideration of all the circumstances of the case, shall at once
gire their approval.
8. — ^A. registered steamer may ply within the waters of a port, or
from one open port or ports to another open port or ports, or from
one open port or ports to places inland, and thence back to such port
or ports. She may, on making due report to the Customs, land or ship
passengers or cargo at any recognised places of trade passed in the
course of the voyage ; but may not ply between inland places exclusive-
ly except with the consent of the CSiinese Government.
9. — Any cargo and passenger boats may be towed by steamers. The
helmsman and crew" of any boat towed shall be Chinese. All boats,
irrespective of ownership, must be registered before they can proceed
inland.
10. — These Rules are supplementary to the Inland Steam Naviga-
tion Regulations of July and September, 1898. The latter, where
imtouched by the present Rules, remain in full force and effect ; but
the present Rules hold in the case of such of the former Regulations
as the present Rules affect. The present Rules, and the Regulations
of July and September, 1898, to which they are supplementary are
provisional, and may be modified, as circumstances require, by mutual
consent.
Done at Shanghai this fifth day of September in the year of Our
Lord, 1902; corresponding with the Chinese date, the fourth day of
the eighth moon of the twenty-eighth year of Kwang Hsii.
[i./S.] JAS. L. MAOKAT.
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